{"id":57,"date":"2019-10-15T22:50:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-15T22:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/adolescent\/chapter\/references-lifespan-development\/"},"modified":"2023-11-30T19:25:30","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T19:25:30","slug":"references","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/adolescent\/chapter\/references\/","title":{"raw":"References","rendered":"References"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"references\" class=\"chapter standard\">\r\n<div class=\"chapter-title-wrap\">\r\n<h3 class=\"chapter-number\"><\/h3>\r\n<h2 class=\"chapter-title\">Reference<\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"ugc chapter-ugc\">\r\n\r\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Preventing Adverse Childhood\r\nExperiences: Leveraging the Best Available Evidence. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury\r\nPrevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\r\n\r\nStangor, C. 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Smith Slep, S. Avery-Leaf, and M. Cascardi, \"Gender Differences in Dating Aggression Among Multiethnic High School Students,\"\u00a0<em>Journal of Adolescent Health<\/em>\u00a042 (2008): 473-479.<a id=\"note8\" href=\"https:\/\/nij.ojp.gov\/topics\/articles\/teen-dating-violence-closer-look-adolescent-romantic-relationships#referrer8\">[note 8]<\/a>\u00a0Capaldi, D.M., H.K. Kim, and J.W. Shortt, \"Observed Initiation and Reciprocity of Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples,\"\u00a0<em>Journal of Family Violence<\/em>\u00a022 (2007): 101-111.<span class=\"reference-text\">Siegler, Robert (2006).\u00a0<i>How Children Develop: Exploring Child Develop Student Media Tool Kit &amp; Scientific American Reader to Accompany How Children Develop<\/i>. 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US: American Psychological Association<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">30 March<\/span>\u00a02016<\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Brown2004-1\">\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B. (2004). Adolescents\u2019 relationships with peers. In R. Lerner &amp; L. Steinberg (Eds.), \u2018\u2019Handbook of adolescent psychology.\u2019\u2019 New York: Wiley.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Mory, M. (1994, February). \"When people form or perceive sets, they tend to be fuzzy: The case of adolescent crowds.\" Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, San Diego.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-arnett-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-arnett_3-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Arnett, J. J. (2002). \"Adolescents in Western countries on the threshold of the 21st century.\" In B. Brown, R. Larson, &amp; T. Saraswathi (eds.),\u00a0<i>The World's Youth: Adolescence in Eight Regions of the Globe<\/i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Delsing, M. J. M. H., ter Bogt, Tom F. M., Engles, R. C. M. E., &amp; Meeus, W. H. J. (2007). \"Adolescents' peer crowd identification in the Netherlands: Structure and associations with problem behaviors.\"\u00a0<i>Journal of Research on Adolescence<\/i>, 17, 467\u2013480.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Klute, C. (2002). \"Friendships, cliques, and crowds.\" In G. R. Adams &amp; M. Berzonsky (eds.),\u00a0<i>Blackwell Handbook on Adolescence<\/i>. New York: Blackwell Publishers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-BrownMountsetal-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Freeman, H., Huang, B., &amp; Mounts, N. (1992, March). \"'Crowd hopping': Incidence, correlates and consequences of change in crowd affiliation during adolescence.\" Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Washington, DC.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Newman, B., &amp; Newman, P. (2001). \"Group identity and alienation: Giving the we its due.\"\u00a0<i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence<\/i>, 30, 515\u2013538.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Trujillo-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B.B., Lohr, M. J., &amp; Trujillo, C. M. (1990). \"Multiple crowds and multiple lifestyles: Adolescents' perceptions of peer group characteristics.\" In R. E. Muss (ed.),\u00a0<i>Adolescent Behavior and Society: A Book of Readings<\/i>\u00a0(pp. 30\u201336). New York: Random House.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-brownetal1994-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-6\"><sup><i><b>g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-7\"><sup><i><b>h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-8\"><sup><i><b>i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-9\"><sup><i><b>j<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-10\"><sup><i><b>k<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-11\"><sup><i><b>l<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Mory, M., &amp; Kinney, D. (1994). \"Casting crowds in a relational perspective: Caricature, channel, and context.\" In R. Montemayor, G. Adams, &amp; T. Gullotta (eds.),\u00a0<i>Advances in Adolescent Development<\/i>: Vol. 5.\u00a0<i>Personal Relationships During Adolescence<\/i>. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Dolcini, M., &amp; Leventhal, A. (1995, March).\u00a0<i>The Emergence of Peer Crowds: Friend or Foe to Adolescent Health?<\/i>\u00a0Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Washington, DC.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Larson, J. (2009). \"Peer relationships in adolescence.\" In R. Lerner &amp; L. Steinberg (Eds.),\u00a0<i>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology<\/i>\u00a0(3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 74\u2013103). New York: Wiley.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Eder-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Eder_12-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Eder_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Eder, D. (1985). \"The cycle of popularity: Interpersonal relations among female adolescents.\"\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 58, 154\u2013165.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Lesko-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Lesko_13-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Lesko_13-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Lesko, N. (1988).\u00a0<i>Symbolizing Society: Stories, Rites, and Structures in a Catholic High School<\/i>. Philadelphia: Falmer.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-BrownMounts-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMounts_14-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMounts_14-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Mounts, N. (1989, April). \"Peer group structures in single versus multiethnic high schools.\" Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Horvat, E. M., &amp; Lewis, K. S. (2003). \"Reassessing the 'burden of 'acting White'<span class=\"nowrap\">'<\/span>: The importance of peer group in managing academic success.\"\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 76, 265\u2013280.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Tyson, D., Darity, W., &amp; Castellino, D. R. (2005). \"It's not 'a Black thing.' Understanding the burden of acting White and other dilemmas of high achievement.\"\u00a0<i>American Sociological Review<\/i>, 70, 582\u2013605.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Urberg, K., Degirmencioglu, S., Tolson, J., &amp; Halliday-Scher, K. (1995). \"The structure of adolescent peer networks.\"\u00a0<i>Developmental Psychology<\/i>, 31, 540\u2013547.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Kinney,_D._1993-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Kinney,_D._1993_18-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Kinney,_D._1993_18-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Kinney, D. (1993). \"From nerds to normals: The recovery of identity among adolescents from middle school to high school.\"\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 66, 21\u201340.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-Horn-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Horn, S. S. (2003). Adolescents\u2019 reasoning about exclusion from social groups. \u2018\u2019Developmental Psychology, 39\u2019\u2019 363-371.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-20\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-20\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B. B., Eicher, S. A., &amp; Petrie, S. D. (1986). The importance of peer group (\"crowd\") affiliation in adolescence. \u2018\u2019Journal of Adolescence, 9,\u2019\u2019 73-96.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-21\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Larkin, R. W. (1979). \u2018\u2019Suburban youth in cultural crisis.\u2019\u2019 New York: Oxford.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"cite_note-22\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-22\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Kuttler, A. F., &amp; La Greca, A. M. (2004). Linkages among adolescent girls\u2019 romantic relationships, best friendships, and peer networks. \u2018\u2019Journal of Adolescence, 27,\u2019\u2019 395-414.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gurrentz, B. (2018, November 15). 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Smith Slep, S. Avery-Leaf, and M. Cascardi, &#8220;Gender Differences in Dating Aggression Among Multiethnic High School Students,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Journal of Adolescent Health<\/em>\u00a042 (2008): 473-479.<a id=\"note8\" href=\"https:\/\/nij.ojp.gov\/topics\/articles\/teen-dating-violence-closer-look-adolescent-romantic-relationships#referrer8\">[note 8]<\/a>\u00a0Capaldi, D.M., H.K. Kim, and J.W. Shortt, &#8220;Observed Initiation and Reciprocity of Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Journal of Family Violence<\/em>\u00a022 (2007): 101-111.<span class=\"reference-text\">Siegler, Robert (2006).\u00a0<i>How Children Develop: Exploring Child Develop Student Media Tool Kit &amp; Scientific American Reader to Accompany How Children Develop<\/i>. 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(1974). &#8220;Hierarchail Clique Structures&#8221;.\u00a0<i>Sociometry<\/i>.\u00a0<b>37<\/b>\u00a0(1): 54\u201365.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F2786466\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.2307\/2786466<\/a>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"JSTOR (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2786466\" rel=\"nofollow\">2786466<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFKrackhardtStern1988\" class=\"citation journal\">Krackhardt, David; Stern, Robert N. (1988). &#8220;Informal Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental Simulation&#8221;.\u00a0<i>Social Psychology Quarterly<\/i>.\u00a0<b>51<\/b>\u00a0(2): 123\u2013140.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F2786835\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.2307\/2786835<\/a>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"JSTOR (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2786835\" rel=\"nofollow\">2786835<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-12\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFBarth1998\" class=\"citation book\">Barth, Fredrik (1998-03-11).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=QaAQAAAAQBAJ\" rel=\"nofollow\"><i>Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference<\/i><\/a>. Waveland Press.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Special:BookSources\/9781478607953\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781478607953\">9781478607953<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-13\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFCarstensen\" class=\"citation web\">Carstensen, Laura L.\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/pag\/7\/3\/331\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Social and Emotional Patterns in Adulthood: Support For Socioemotional Theory&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<i>APA PsycNET<\/i>. US: American Psychological Association<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">30 March<\/span>\u00a02016<\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-14\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFFriedkin1984\" class=\"citation journal\">Friedkin, Noah E. (1984-02-01). &#8220;Structural Cohesion and Equivalence Explanations of Social Homogeneity&#8221;.\u00a0<i>Sociological Methods &amp; Research<\/i>.\u00a0<b>12<\/b>\u00a0(3): 235\u2013261.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0049124184012003001\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1177\/0049124184012003001<\/a>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"ISSN (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_(identifier)\">ISSN<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/issn\/0049-1241\" rel=\"nofollow\">0049-1241<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFHochschild1979\" class=\"citation journal\">Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1979).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/semanticscholar.org\/paper\/e2ba528a606f693e2655d9c990145b84eb80f9aa\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Emotion work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<i>American Journal of Sociology<\/i>.\u00a0<b>85<\/b>\u00a0(3): 551\u2013575.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\">doi<\/a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F227049\" rel=\"nofollow\">10.1086\/227049<\/a>.\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"JSTOR (identifier)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_(identifier)\">JSTOR<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2778583\" rel=\"nofollow\">2778583<\/a>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clique#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite id=\"CITEREFCarstensen\" class=\"citation web\">Carstensen, Laura L.\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/pag\/7\/3\/331\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;Social and Emotional Patterns in Adulthood: Support For Socioemotional Theory&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<i>APA PsycNET<\/i>. US: American Psychological Association<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved\u00a0<span class=\"nowrap\">30 March<\/span>\u00a02016<\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Brown2004-1\">\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B. (2004). Adolescents\u2019 relationships with peers. In R. Lerner &amp; L. Steinberg (Eds.), \u2018\u2019Handbook of adolescent psychology.\u2019\u2019 New York: Wiley.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-2\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Mory, M. (1994, February). &#8220;When people form or perceive sets, they tend to be fuzzy: The case of adolescent crowds.&#8221; Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, San Diego.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-arnett-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-arnett_3-0\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Arnett, J. J. (2002). &#8220;Adolescents in Western countries on the threshold of the 21st century.&#8221; In B. Brown, R. Larson, &amp; T. Saraswathi (eds.),\u00a0<i>The World&#8217;s Youth: Adolescence in Eight Regions of the Globe<\/i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-4\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Delsing, M. J. M. H., ter Bogt, Tom F. M., Engles, R. C. M. E., &amp; Meeus, W. H. J. (2007). &#8220;Adolescents&#8217; peer crowd identification in the Netherlands: Structure and associations with problem behaviors.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Journal of Research on Adolescence<\/i>, 17, 467\u2013480.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-5\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Klute, C. (2002). &#8220;Friendships, cliques, and crowds.&#8221; In G. R. Adams &amp; M. Berzonsky (eds.),\u00a0<i>Blackwell Handbook on Adolescence<\/i>. New York: Blackwell Publishers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BrownMountsetal-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMountsetal_6-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Freeman, H., Huang, B., &amp; Mounts, N. (1992, March). &#8220;&#8216;Crowd hopping&#8217;: Incidence, correlates and consequences of change in crowd affiliation during adolescence.&#8221; Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Washington, DC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-7\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Newman, B., &amp; Newman, P. (2001). &#8220;Group identity and alienation: Giving the we its due.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence<\/i>, 30, 515\u2013538.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Trujillo-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Trujillo_8-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B.B., Lohr, M. J., &amp; Trujillo, C. M. (1990). &#8220;Multiple crowds and multiple lifestyles: Adolescents&#8217; perceptions of peer group characteristics.&#8221; In R. E. Muss (ed.),\u00a0<i>Adolescent Behavior and Society: A Book of Readings<\/i>\u00a0(pp. 30\u201336). New York: Random House.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-brownetal1994-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-3\"><sup><i><b>d<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-4\"><sup><i><b>e<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-5\"><sup><i><b>f<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-6\"><sup><i><b>g<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-7\"><sup><i><b>h<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-8\"><sup><i><b>i<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-9\"><sup><i><b>j<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-10\"><sup><i><b>k<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-brownetal1994_9-11\"><sup><i><b>l<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Mory, M., &amp; Kinney, D. (1994). &#8220;Casting crowds in a relational perspective: Caricature, channel, and context.&#8221; In R. Montemayor, G. Adams, &amp; T. Gullotta (eds.),\u00a0<i>Advances in Adolescent Development<\/i>: Vol. 5.\u00a0<i>Personal Relationships During Adolescence<\/i>. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-10\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., Dolcini, M., &amp; Leventhal, A. (1995, March).\u00a0<i>The Emergence of Peer Crowds: Friend or Foe to Adolescent Health?<\/i>\u00a0Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Washington, DC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-11\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Larson, J. (2009). &#8220;Peer relationships in adolescence.&#8221; In R. Lerner &amp; L. Steinberg (Eds.),\u00a0<i>Handbook of Adolescent Psychology<\/i>\u00a0(3rd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 74\u2013103). New York: Wiley.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Eder-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Eder_12-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Eder_12-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Eder, D. (1985). &#8220;The cycle of popularity: Interpersonal relations among female adolescents.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 58, 154\u2013165.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Lesko-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Lesko_13-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Lesko_13-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Lesko, N. (1988).\u00a0<i>Symbolizing Society: Stories, Rites, and Structures in a Catholic High School<\/i>. Philadelphia: Falmer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BrownMounts-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMounts_14-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-BrownMounts_14-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Brown, B., &amp; Mounts, N. (1989, April). &#8220;Peer group structures in single versus multiethnic high schools.&#8221; Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-15\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Horvat, E. M., &amp; Lewis, K. S. (2003). &#8220;Reassessing the &#8216;burden of &#8216;acting White&#8217;<span class=\"nowrap\">&#8216;<\/span>: The importance of peer group in managing academic success.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 76, 265\u2013280.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-16\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Tyson, D., Darity, W., &amp; Castellino, D. R. (2005). &#8220;It&#8217;s not &#8216;a Black thing.&#8217; Understanding the burden of acting White and other dilemmas of high achievement.&#8221;\u00a0<i>American Sociological Review<\/i>, 70, 582\u2013605.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"Jump up\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-17\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Urberg, K., Degirmencioglu, S., Tolson, J., &amp; Halliday-Scher, K. (1995). &#8220;The structure of adolescent peer networks.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Developmental Psychology<\/i>, 31, 540\u2013547.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Kinney,_D._1993-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Kinney,_D._1993_18-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Kinney,_D._1993_18-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Kinney, D. (1993). &#8220;From nerds to normals: The recovery of identity among adolescents from middle school to high school.&#8221;\u00a0<i>Sociology of Education<\/i>, 66, 21\u201340.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Horn-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">^\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-0\"><span class=\"cite-accessibility-label\">Jump up to:<\/span><sup><i><b>a<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-1\"><sup><i><b>b<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowds_(adolescence)#cite_ref-Horn_19-2\"><sup><i><b>c<\/b><\/i><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\">Horn, S. S. (2003). 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