{"id":291,"date":"2022-06-16T19:15:16","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T19:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=291"},"modified":"2022-06-16T19:59:06","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T19:59:06","slug":"experimental-design-apply-it-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/chapter\/experimental-design-apply-it-1\/","title":{"raw":"Experimental Design: Apply It 1","rendered":"Experimental Design: Apply It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Goals<\/h3>\r\nDeepen your understanding and form connections within these skills:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identify key components of experimental design, including:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">treatment,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">factor of interest (also known as the explanatory variable or independent variable),<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">response variable (also known as the dependent variable),<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">nuisance factors,<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">random assignment, and<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">replication.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Design a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou learned in the <em>What to Know<\/em> assignment about the key components of experimental design. In this activity, you'll practice identifying them as you design a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question. You'll see that experimental design is a specific method of scientific inquiry and that experiments are useful in determining cause-and-effect relationships between variables. You'll also see that the three key mechanisms of experimental design are randomization, replication, and comparison.\r\n<h2>Coral Bleaching<\/h2>\r\nIn 2005, the United States lost half of its coral reefs in the Caribbean in one massive bleaching event.[footnote]National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2021, February 26). What is coral bleaching? <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html<\/a>[\/footnote] When scientists first saw massive coral bleaching events around the world, they thought warming ocean temperatures might be causing the bleaching, but they needed to do more research to find the true cause. Because the scientists wanted to know about cause and effect, experimental design was the best tool for their research.\r\n\r\nFor more information about coral, visit these National Ocean Service websites:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral.html<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/education\/tutorial_corals\/welcome.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/education\/tutorial_corals\/welcome.html<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1110\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12005149\/Picture79-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Fish swimming around coral\" width=\"944\" height=\"626\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Guidance<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #e6daf7;\">[Intro: In this activity, you will work in groups to design and experiment. The choice of research question and experimental design are yours, but you must follow the statistical principles and practices that you've learned about in sections <em>[2A - 2B]<\/em> and in the preview assignment for this activity. Question 1 will ask you to consider different factors that could impact coral health as a prompt to writing you research question. Take a minute to brainstorm possible factors in your groups. Questions to consider include, \"What do plants need to survive?\" \"What do animals need to survive?\" \"What are some characteristics of the ocean that have been changing in recent years?\"]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nForm groups that you'll remain in throughout this activity to write a research question and design a hypothetical experiment. As you design your experiment, be mindful of the objective to identify key components of experimental design including: treatment, factor of interest, response factor, nuisance factors, random assignment, and replication.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\r\nWhat are some other factors that might impact coral health that the researchers should consider?\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"529902\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"529902\"]Consider all the conditions present in an aquatic environment.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Goals<\/h3>\n<p>Deepen your understanding and form connections within these skills:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Identify key components of experimental design, including:\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">treatment,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">factor of interest (also known as the explanatory variable or independent variable),<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">response variable (also known as the dependent variable),<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">nuisance factors,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">random assignment, and<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">replication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Design a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>You learned in the <em>What to Know<\/em> assignment about the key components of experimental design. In this activity, you&#8217;ll practice identifying them as you design a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question. You&#8217;ll see that experimental design is a specific method of scientific inquiry and that experiments are useful in determining cause-and-effect relationships between variables. You&#8217;ll also see that the three key mechanisms of experimental design are randomization, replication, and comparison.<\/p>\n<h2>Coral Bleaching<\/h2>\n<p>In 2005, the United States lost half of its coral reefs in the Caribbean in one massive bleaching event.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2021, February 26). What is coral bleaching? https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html\" id=\"return-footnote-291-1\" href=\"#footnote-291-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> When scientists first saw massive coral bleaching events around the world, they thought warming ocean temperatures might be causing the bleaching, but they needed to do more research to find the true cause. Because the scientists wanted to know about cause and effect, experimental design was the best tool for their research.<\/p>\n<p>For more information about coral, visit these National Ocean Service websites:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/education\/tutorial_corals\/welcome.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/education\/tutorial_corals\/welcome.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1110\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2022\/01\/12005149\/Picture79-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Fish swimming around coral\" width=\"944\" height=\"626\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Guidance<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #e6daf7;\">[Intro: In this activity, you will work in groups to design and experiment. The choice of research question and experimental design are yours, but you must follow the statistical principles and practices that you&#8217;ve learned about in sections <em>[2A &#8211; 2B]<\/em> and in the preview assignment for this activity. Question 1 will ask you to consider different factors that could impact coral health as a prompt to writing you research question. Take a minute to brainstorm possible factors in your groups. Questions to consider include, &#8220;What do plants need to survive?&#8221; &#8220;What do animals need to survive?&#8221; &#8220;What are some characteristics of the ocean that have been changing in recent years?&#8221;]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Form groups that you&#8217;ll remain in throughout this activity to write a research question and design a hypothetical experiment. As you design your experiment, be mindful of the objective to identify key components of experimental design including: treatment, factor of interest, response factor, nuisance factors, random assignment, and replication.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Question 1<\/h3>\n<p>What are some other factors that might impact coral health that the researchers should consider?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q529902\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q529902\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Consider all the conditions present in an aquatic environment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-291-1\">National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2021, February 26). What is coral bleaching? <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html\">https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/coral_bleach.html<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-291-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":17533,"menu_order":21,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-291","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":158,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17533"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":301,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/291\/revisions\/301"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/158"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/291\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=291"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=291"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}