{"id":406,"date":"2022-06-17T16:56:30","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T16:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=406"},"modified":"2022-06-17T16:56:30","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T16:56:30","slug":"applications-of-bar-graphs-background-youll-need-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/chapter\/applications-of-bar-graphs-background-youll-need-2\/","title":{"raw":"Applications of Bar Graphs: Background You'll Need 2","rendered":"Applications of Bar Graphs: Background You&#8217;ll Need 2"},"content":{"raw":"<h3 id=\"Stacked\"><strong>Stacked Bar Charts<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nStacked bar charts also display values for different categories but rather than showing a different bar for each category, they display sub-categories as segments within each bar. Sometimes the bars represent counts, while others, such as the one we see in the image below, display percentages. Each segment represents a percentage of the whole so it's easy to see relative differences within a bar. But as segment percentages grow smaller, it becomes difficult to estimate them. Let's take a look at the graph below to gain a better understanding of how to read stacked bar charts.\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1410 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2021\/10\/17202149\/3B-2.png\" alt=\"A vertical stacked bar chart of expected oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018. The vertical axis has percentages in increments of 10 going up to 100. At the bottom is a legend showing that blue indicates tongue, orange indicates mouth, gray indicates pharynx, and yellow indicates other oral cavity. For the &quot;Number of New Cases,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to just over 30%, the orange from there nearly to 60%, the gray from there to about a third of the way between 90% and 100%, and the yellow the rest of the way to 100%. For &quot;Estimated Deaths,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to about halfway between 20% and 30%, the orange from there to just over 50%, the gray from there to about one third of the way between 80% and 90%, and the yellow from there the rest of the way to 100%.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe graph above shows the expected number of new cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer for 2018 and the expected number of deaths from oral cavity and pharynx cancer for 2018, separated by the specific location of the cancer. [footnote] American Cancer Society. (2018). Table 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths by sex, US, 2018. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2018\/estimated-number-of-new-cancer-cases-and-deaths-by-sex-us-2018.pdf. [\/footnote] The bar on the left shows the number of new cases of a cancer by location in the body as a percent of all new oral cavity and pharynx cancers that year. The bar on the right shows the number of deaths by location of cancer as a percent of total deaths from these cancers. The percentages represented by the segments within each bar will total to [latex]100[\/latex]%. For example, we can see that in the bar on the left, the yellow segment covers about [latex]7[\/latex]% of the bar from [latex]93[\/latex]% to [latex]100[\/latex]%. This means that locations other than tongue, mouth, or pharynx accounted for about [latex]7[\/latex]% of new cancers. In the bar on the right, we see that deaths from cancers in other locations accounted for about [latex]17[\/latex]% of new cancers (the yellow segment covers from about [latex]83[\/latex]% to [latex]100[\/latex]%).\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>interactive Example<\/h3>\r\nWhat percent of estimated deaths from these cancer were located in the tongue? In the mouth? In the pharynx? Estimate them by looking at the range of percentages covered by each segment. Check your answers, then complete the question below the graph.\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"554516\"]Show Solution[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"554516\"]\r\n\r\nOf the estimated deaths from oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>[latex]25[\/latex]% were located in the tongue<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[latex]26[\/latex]% were located in the mouth<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[latex]32[\/latex]% were located in the pharynx<\/li>\r\n \t<li>[latex]17[\/latex]% were located in some other oral cavity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIt appears that the blue segment covers the bottom [latex]25[\/latex]% of the graph, the orange about [latex]26[\/latex]% (from [latex]25[\/latex]% to [latex]51[\/latex]%), and the grey covers about [latex]32[\/latex]% (from [latex]51[\/latex]% to [latex]83[\/latex]%). Together with the [latex]17[\/latex]% covered by the yellow segment, that makes [latex]100[\/latex]%.\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nNow it's your turn to practice reading the stacked bar chart by answering the following questions. The graph is linked again here for convenience.\u00a0[reveal-answer q=\"446591\"]Click here to open the graph: Expected Oral Cavity &amp; Pharynx Cancers in 2018[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"446591\"]\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1410 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2021\/10\/17202149\/3B-2.png\" alt=\"A vertical stacked bar chart of expected oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018. The vertical axis has percentages in increments of 10 going up to 100. At the bottom is a legend showing that blue indicates tongue, orange indicates mouth, gray indicates pharynx, and yellow indicates other oral cavity. For the &quot;Number of New Cases,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to just over 30%, the orange from there nearly to 60%, the gray from there to about a third of the way between 90% and 100%, and the yellow the rest of the way to 100%. For &quot;Estimated Deaths,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to about halfway between 20% and 30%, the orange from there to just over 50%, the gray from there to about one third of the way between 80% and 90%, and the yellow from there the rest of the way to 100%.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" \/>\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question hide_question_numbers=1]240991[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"330314\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"330314\"]See the paragraph above the graph for guidance if needed.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question hide_question_numbers=1]240994[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"282916\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"282916\"]See the paragraph above the graph for guidance if needed.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question hide_question_numbers=1]240996[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"251689\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"251689\"]See the key for a description.[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 8<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question hide_question_numbers=1]240794[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"212822\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"212822\"]Remember that the total percentages of each segment add up to [latex]100[\/latex]%[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>question 9<\/h3>\r\n[ohm_question hide_question_numbers=1]240795[\/ohm_question]\r\n\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"270540\"]Hint[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"270540\"]Remember that the total percentages of each segment add up to [latex]100[\/latex]%[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h3 id=\"Stacked\"><strong>Stacked Bar Charts<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Stacked bar charts also display values for different categories but rather than showing a different bar for each category, they display sub-categories as segments within each bar. Sometimes the bars represent counts, while others, such as the one we see in the image below, display percentages. Each segment represents a percentage of the whole so it&#8217;s easy to see relative differences within a bar. But as segment percentages grow smaller, it becomes difficult to estimate them. Let&#8217;s take a look at the graph below to gain a better understanding of how to read stacked bar charts.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1410 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2021\/10\/17202149\/3B-2.png\" alt=\"A vertical stacked bar chart of expected oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018. The vertical axis has percentages in increments of 10 going up to 100. At the bottom is a legend showing that blue indicates tongue, orange indicates mouth, gray indicates pharynx, and yellow indicates other oral cavity. For the &quot;Number of New Cases,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to just over 30%, the orange from there nearly to 60%, the gray from there to about a third of the way between 90% and 100%, and the yellow the rest of the way to 100%. For &quot;Estimated Deaths,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to about halfway between 20% and 30%, the orange from there to just over 50%, the gray from there to about one third of the way between 80% and 90%, and the yellow from there the rest of the way to 100%.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The graph above shows the expected number of new cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer for 2018 and the expected number of deaths from oral cavity and pharynx cancer for 2018, separated by the specific location of the cancer. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"American Cancer Society. (2018). Table 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths by sex, US, 2018. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2018\/estimated-number-of-new-cancer-cases-and-deaths-by-sex-us-2018.pdf.\" id=\"return-footnote-406-1\" href=\"#footnote-406-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> The bar on the left shows the number of new cases of a cancer by location in the body as a percent of all new oral cavity and pharynx cancers that year. The bar on the right shows the number of deaths by location of cancer as a percent of total deaths from these cancers. The percentages represented by the segments within each bar will total to [latex]100[\/latex]%. For example, we can see that in the bar on the left, the yellow segment covers about [latex]7[\/latex]% of the bar from [latex]93[\/latex]% to [latex]100[\/latex]%. This means that locations other than tongue, mouth, or pharynx accounted for about [latex]7[\/latex]% of new cancers. In the bar on the right, we see that deaths from cancers in other locations accounted for about [latex]17[\/latex]% of new cancers (the yellow segment covers from about [latex]83[\/latex]% to [latex]100[\/latex]%).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>interactive Example<\/h3>\n<p>What percent of estimated deaths from these cancer were located in the tongue? In the mouth? In the pharynx? Estimate them by looking at the range of percentages covered by each segment. Check your answers, then complete the question below the graph.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q554516\">Show Solution<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q554516\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<p>Of the estimated deaths from oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[latex]25[\/latex]% were located in the tongue<\/li>\n<li>[latex]26[\/latex]% were located in the mouth<\/li>\n<li>[latex]32[\/latex]% were located in the pharynx<\/li>\n<li>[latex]17[\/latex]% were located in some other oral cavity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It appears that the blue segment covers the bottom [latex]25[\/latex]% of the graph, the orange about [latex]26[\/latex]% (from [latex]25[\/latex]% to [latex]51[\/latex]%), and the grey covers about [latex]32[\/latex]% (from [latex]51[\/latex]% to [latex]83[\/latex]%). Together with the [latex]17[\/latex]% covered by the yellow segment, that makes [latex]100[\/latex]%.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Now it&#8217;s your turn to practice reading the stacked bar chart by answering the following questions. The graph is linked again here for convenience.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q446591\">Click here to open the graph: Expected Oral Cavity &amp; Pharynx Cancers in 2018<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q446591\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1410 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5738\/2021\/10\/17202149\/3B-2.png\" alt=\"A vertical stacked bar chart of expected oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018. The vertical axis has percentages in increments of 10 going up to 100. At the bottom is a legend showing that blue indicates tongue, orange indicates mouth, gray indicates pharynx, and yellow indicates other oral cavity. For the &quot;Number of New Cases,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to just over 30%, the orange from there nearly to 60%, the gray from there to about a third of the way between 90% and 100%, and the yellow the rest of the way to 100%. For &quot;Estimated Deaths,&quot; the blue section reaches from the bottom to about halfway between 20% and 30%, the orange from there to just over 50%, the gray from there to about one third of the way between 80% and 90%, and the yellow from there the rest of the way to 100%.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 5<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240991\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240991&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240991\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q330314\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q330314\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the paragraph above the graph for guidance if needed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 6<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240994\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240994&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240994\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q282916\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q282916\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the paragraph above the graph for guidance if needed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 7<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240996\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240996&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240996\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q251689\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q251689\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">See the key for a description.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 8<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240794\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240794&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240794\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q212822\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q212822\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Remember that the total percentages of each segment add up to [latex]100[\/latex]%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>question 9<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm240795\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=240795&theme=oea&iframe_resize_id=ohm240795\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q270540\">Hint<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q270540\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Remember that the total percentages of each segment add up to [latex]100[\/latex]%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-406-1\"> American Cancer Society. (2018). Table 1. Estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths by sex, US, 2018. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2018\/estimated-number-of-new-cancer-cases-and-deaths-by-sex-us-2018.pdf.  <a href=\"#return-footnote-406-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":17533,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-406","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":160,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17533"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":411,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/406\/revisions\/411"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/160"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/406\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=406"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=406"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/alphamodule\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}