{"id":7039,"date":"2014-12-11T02:29:17","date_gmt":"2014-12-11T02:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/colphysics\/?post_type=chapter&p=7039"},"modified":"2016-02-19T00:15:11","modified_gmt":"2016-02-19T00:15:11","slug":"appendix-d-glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-austincc-physics2\/chapter\/appendix-d-glossary-of-key-symbols-and-notation\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix\u00a0D.\u00a0Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation","rendered":"Appendix\u00a0D.\u00a0Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation"},"content":{"raw":"In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Symbol<\/th>\r\nDefinition<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{any symbol}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., [latex]\\overline{v}\\\\[\/latex]\u00a0is average velocity)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00b0C<\/td>\r\nCelsius degree<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00b0F<\/td>\r\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\/\/<\/td>\r\nparallel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u22a5<\/td>\r\nperpendicular<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\propto\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nproportional to<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00b1<\/td>\r\nplus or minus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
0<\/td>\r\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b1<\/td>\r\nalpha rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b1<\/td>\r\nangular acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b1<\/td>\r\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b2<\/td>\r\nbeta rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b2<\/td>\r\nsound level<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b2<\/td>\r\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b2\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\r\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b2+<\/sup><\/td>\r\npositron decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b3<\/td>\r\ngamma rays<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b3<\/td>\r\nsurface tension<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\gamma=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394<\/td>\r\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b4<\/td>\r\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394E<\/i><\/td>\r\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394E<\/i><\/td>\r\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394m<\/i><\/td>\r\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394N<\/i><\/td>\r\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394p<\/i><\/td>\r\nchange in momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394p<\/i><\/td>\r\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394PEg<\/sub><\/td>\r\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394\u03b8<\/i><\/td>\r\nrotation angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394s<\/i><\/td>\r\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394t<\/em><\/td>\r\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394t<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394V<\/em><\/td>\r\npotential difference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u0394x<\/em><\/td>\r\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b5<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b7<\/em><\/td>\r\nviscosity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\nangle between two lines<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ncontact angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8b<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nBrewster's angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b8c<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\ncritical angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03ba<\/em><\/td>\r\ndielectric constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bb<\/em><\/td>\r\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bb<\/em><\/td>\r\nwavelength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bbn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bc<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\npermeability of free space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bc<\/em>k<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03bc<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
ve<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c0<\/em>+<\/sup><\/td>\r\npositive pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c0<\/em>\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\r\nnegative pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c0<\/em>0<\/sup><\/td>\r\nneutral pion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c1<\/em><\/td>\r\ndensity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c1c<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c1<\/em>fl<\/sub><\/td>\r\nfluid density<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{\\rho}_{\\text{obj}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\naverage density of an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\rho}{\\rho_{\\text{w}}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nspecific gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\r\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance (RL<\/em>) or resistance and capacitance (RC<\/em>) circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\r\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor (RC<\/em>) circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\r\ntorque<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03a5<\/td>\r\nupsilon meson<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03a6<\/td>\r\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03d5<\/em><\/td>\r\nphase angle<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03a9<\/td>\r\nohm (unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03c9<\/em><\/td>\r\nangular velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
A<\/td>\r\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
A<\/em><\/td>\r\narea<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
A<\/em><\/td>\r\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
A<\/em><\/td>\r\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
a<\/em><\/td>\r\nacceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
a<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\r\nBohr radius<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
a<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
a<\/em>t<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
AC<\/td>\r\nalternating current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
AM<\/td>\r\namplitude modulation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
atm<\/td>\r\natmosphere<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em><\/td>\r\nbaryon number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em><\/td>\r\nblue quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{B}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
b<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em><\/td>\r\nbulk modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em>int<\/sub><\/td>\r\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
B<\/em>orb<\/sub><\/td>\r\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
BE<\/td>\r\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\text{BE}}{A}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bq<\/td>\r\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
C<\/em><\/td>\r\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
C<\/em><\/td>\r\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
C<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
C<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
CG<\/td>\r\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
CM<\/td>\r\ncenter of mass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
c<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
c<\/em><\/td>\r\nspecific heat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
c<\/em><\/td>\r\nspeed of light<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cal<\/td>\r\nkilocalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
cal<\/td>\r\ncalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
COP<\/em>hp<\/sub><\/td>\r\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
COP<\/em>ref<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
cos\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ncosine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
cot\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ncotangent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
csc\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ncosecant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
D<\/em><\/td>\r\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
d<\/em><\/td>\r\ndisplacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
d<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor down<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
dB<\/td>\r\ndecibel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
d<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\r\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
d<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\r\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
DC<\/td>\r\ndirect current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em><\/td>\r\nelectric field strength<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u03b5<\/em><\/td>\r\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
emf<\/td>\r\nelectromotive force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em><\/td>\r\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em><\/td>\r\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em><\/td>\r\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em><\/td>\r\ntotal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nrest energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
EC<\/td>\r\nelectron capture<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>cap<\/sub><\/td>\r\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Eff<\/em><\/td>\r\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Eff<\/em>C<\/sub><\/td>\r\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>in<\/sub><\/td>\r\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>ind<\/sub><\/td>\r\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
E<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\r\nenergy output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
e<\/em><\/td>\r\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
e<\/em>+<\/sup><\/td>\r\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
eV<\/td>\r\nelectron volt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/td>\r\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/td>\r\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/strong><\/td>\r\nforce<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em><\/td>\r\nrestoring force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\r\nbuoyant force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncentripetal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\r\nforce input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/strong>net<\/sub><\/td>\r\nnet force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
F<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\r\nforce output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
FM<\/td>\r\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em><\/td>\r\nfocal length<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em><\/td>\r\nfrequency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance (RLC<\/em>) series circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>1<\/sub><\/td>\r\nfundamental<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>2<\/sub><\/td>\r\nfirst overtone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>3<\/sub><\/td>\r\nsecond overtone<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\r\nbeat frequency<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>k<\/sub><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
f<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
G<\/em><\/td>\r\ngravitational constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
G<\/em><\/td>\r\ngreen quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{G}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
g<\/em><\/td>\r\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
g<\/em><\/td>\r\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em><\/td>\r\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em><\/td>\r\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em><\/td>\r\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em><\/td>\r\nPlanck's constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
hf<\/em><\/td>\r\nphoton energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\r\nheight of the image<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
h<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\r\nheight of the object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em><\/td>\r\nelectric current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em><\/td>\r\nintensity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em><\/td>\r\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em><\/td>\r\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em>ave<\/sub><\/td>\r\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\r\naverage current<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
J<\/td>\r\njoule<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\text{J}}{\\Psi}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nJoules\/psi meson<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
K<\/td>\r\nkelvin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
k<\/em><\/td>\r\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
k<\/em><\/td>\r\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
K\u03b1<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a01 shell vacancy from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
K\u03b2<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a02 shell vacancy from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
kcal<\/td>\r\nkilocalorie<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
KE<\/td>\r\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
KE + PE<\/td>\r\nmechanical energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
KEe<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
KErel<\/sub><\/td>\r\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
KErot<\/sub><\/td>\r\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{KE}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nthermal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
kg<\/td>\r\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em><\/td>\r\nangular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/td>\r\nliter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em><\/td>\r\nself-inductance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u2113<\/em><\/td>\r\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L\u03b1<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a02 shell from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Le<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nelectron total family number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L\u03bc<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nmuon family total number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L\u03c4<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\ntau family total number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lf<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nheat of fusion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lf<\/sub><\/em> and Lv<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em>orb<\/sub><\/td>\r\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
L<\/em>v<\/sub><\/td>\r\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lz<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nz<\/em>-component of the angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
M<\/em><\/td>\r\nangular magnification<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
M<\/em><\/td>\r\nmutual inductance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/td>\r\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnification<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em><\/td>\r\nmass<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em><\/td>\r\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/td>\r\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em><\/td>\r\norder of interference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em><\/td>\r\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]m\\left({^{A}\\text{X}}\\right)\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
MA<\/td>\r\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em>e<\/sub><\/td>\r\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
me<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nmass of the electron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m\u2113<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
mn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\r\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
mol<\/td>\r\nmole<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
mp<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nmass of a proton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
m<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N<\/td>\r\nnewton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N<\/strong><\/td>\r\nnormal force<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N<\/em><\/td>\r\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
n<\/em><\/td>\r\nindex of refraction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
n<\/em><\/td>\r\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
NA<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nAvogadro's number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N<\/em>r<\/sub><\/td>\r\nReynolds number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0m<\/td>\r\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
N\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0m<\/td>\r\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
OE<\/td>\r\nother energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em><\/td>\r\npower<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em><\/td>\r\npower of a lens<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em><\/td>\r\npressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
p<\/strong><\/td>\r\nmomentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
p<\/em><\/td>\r\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
p<\/em><\/td>\r\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
p<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
p<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>abs<\/sub><\/td>\r\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>atm<\/sub><\/td>\r\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>atm<\/sub><\/td>\r\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
PE<\/td>\r\npotential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
PEel<\/sub><\/td>\r\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
PEelec<\/sub><\/td>\r\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
PEs<\/sub><\/td>\r\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>g<\/sub><\/td>\r\ngauge pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>in<\/sub><\/td>\r\npower consumption or input<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\r\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\r\nlatent heat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\r\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\r\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
+Q<\/em><\/td>\r\npositive charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u2212Q<\/em><\/td>\r\nnegative charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
q<\/em><\/td>\r\nelectron charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
qp<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
q<\/em><\/td>\r\ntest charge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
QF<\/td>\r\nquality factor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nred quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{R}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nresistance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/td>\r\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nRydberg constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em><\/td>\r\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em><\/td>\r\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em><\/td>\r\ninternal resistance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em>\u22a5<\/td>\r\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em><\/td>\r\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em><\/td>\r\nradius of curvature<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r<\/em><\/td>\r\nresistivity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
r or rad<\/td>\r\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
rem<\/td>\r\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
rad<\/td>\r\nradian<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
RBE<\/td>\r\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
RC<\/em><\/td>\r\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
rms<\/td>\r\nroot mean square<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
rn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nradius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
R<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
S<\/em><\/td>\r\nentropy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
S<\/strong><\/td>\r\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
S<\/em><\/td>\r\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
S<\/em><\/td>\r\nshear modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
S<\/em><\/td>\r\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
s<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
s<\/td>\r\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
s<\/em><\/td>\r\nspin quantum number<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
s<\/strong><\/td>\r\ntotal displacement<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
sec\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\nsecant<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
sin\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\nsine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
sz<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T<\/em><\/td>\r\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T<\/em><\/td>\r\ntemperature<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T<\/em><\/td>\r\ntension<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
T<\/td>\r\ntesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t<\/em><\/td>\r\ntime<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
t<\/em>1\/2<\/sub><\/td>\r\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tan\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\r\ntangent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
U<\/em><\/td>\r\ninternal energy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
u<\/em><\/td>\r\nquark flavor up<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
u<\/td>\r\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
u<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
u<\/strong>\u2032<\/td>\r\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em><\/td>\r\nelectric potential<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em><\/td>\r\nterminal voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/td>\r\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em><\/td>\r\nvolume<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/em><\/td>\r\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvelocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]\\overline{\\mathbf{v}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
VB<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0\u2212\u00a0VA<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\r\nchange in potential<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/strong>d<\/sub><\/td>\r\ndrift velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\r\nrms voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
V<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/em>w<\/sub><\/td>\r\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
v<\/strong>w<\/sub><\/td>\r\nwave velocity<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/em><\/td>\r\nwork<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/em><\/td>\r\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/td>\r\nwatt<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
w<\/em><\/td>\r\nweight<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
w<\/em>fl<\/sub><\/td>\r\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/em>nc<\/sub><\/td>\r\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
W<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\r\nuseful work output<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
X<\/em><\/td>\r\namplitude<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
X<\/td>\r\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
[latex]^A_Z\\text{X}_N\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\r\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
x<\/em><\/td>\r\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
x<\/em><\/td>\r\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
x<\/em><\/td>\r\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
X<\/em>C<\/sub><\/td>\r\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
X<\/em>L<\/sub><\/td>\r\ninductive reactance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
x<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\r\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
y<\/em><\/td>\r\nvertical axis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Y<\/em><\/td>\r\nelastic modulus or Young's modulus<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Z<\/em><\/td>\r\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Z<\/em><\/td>\r\nimpedance<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\n
","rendered":"

In this glossary, key symbols and notation are briefly defined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Symbol<\/th>\nDefinition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{any symbol}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage (indicated by a bar over a symbol\u2014e.g., [latex]\\overline{v}\\\\[\/latex]\u00a0is average velocity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00b0C<\/td>\nCelsius degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00b0F<\/td>\nFahrenheit degree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/\/<\/td>\nparallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u22a5<\/td>\nperpendicular<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\propto\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nproportional to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00b1<\/td>\nplus or minus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\nzero as a subscript denotes an initial value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b1<\/td>\nalpha rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b1<\/td>\nangular acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b1<\/td>\ntemperature coefficient(s) of resistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b2<\/td>\nbeta rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b2<\/td>\nsound level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b2<\/td>\nvolume coefficient of expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b2\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\nelectron emitted in nuclear beta decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b2+<\/sup><\/td>\npositron decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b3<\/td>\ngamma rays<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b3<\/td>\nsurface tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\gamma=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{1-\\frac{v^2}{c^2}}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\na constant used in relativity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394<\/td>\nchange in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b4<\/td>\nuncertainty in whatever quantity follows<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394E<\/i><\/td>\nchange in energy between the initial and final orbits of an electron in an atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394E<\/i><\/td>\nuncertainty in energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394m<\/i><\/td>\ndifference in mass between initial and final products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394N<\/i><\/td>\nnumber of decays that occur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394p<\/i><\/td>\nchange in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394p<\/i><\/td>\nuncertainty in momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394PEg<\/sub><\/td>\nchange in gravitational potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394\u03b8<\/i><\/td>\nrotation angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394s<\/i><\/td>\ndistance traveled along a circular path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394t<\/em><\/td>\nuncertainty in time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394t<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nproper time as measured by an observer at rest relative to the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394V<\/em><\/td>\npotential difference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0394x<\/em><\/td>\nuncertainty in position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b5<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\npermittivity of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b7<\/em><\/td>\nviscosity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\nangle between the force vector and the displacement vector<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\nangle between two lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ncontact angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ndirection of the resultant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8b<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nBrewster’s angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b8c<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\ncritical angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03ba<\/em><\/td>\ndielectric constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bb<\/em><\/td>\ndecay constant of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bb<\/em><\/td>\nwavelength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bbn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nwavelength in a medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bc<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\npermeability of free space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bc<\/em>k<\/sub><\/td>\ncoefficient of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03bc<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\ncoefficient of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ve<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nelectron neutrino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c0<\/em>+<\/sup><\/td>\npositive pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c0<\/em>\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\nnegative pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c0<\/em>0<\/sup><\/td>\nneutral pion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c1<\/em><\/td>\ndensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c1c<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\ncritical density, the density needed to just halt universal expansion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c1<\/em>fl<\/sub><\/td>\nfluid density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\rho}_{\\text{obj}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage density of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\rho}{\\rho_{\\text{w}}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nspecific gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\ncharacteristic time constant for a resistance and inductance (RL<\/em>) or resistance and capacitance (RC<\/em>) circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\ncharacteristic time for a resistor and capacitor (RC<\/em>) circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c4<\/em><\/td>\ntorque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03a5<\/td>\nupsilon meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03a6<\/td>\nmagnetic flux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03d5<\/em><\/td>\nphase angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03a9<\/td>\nohm (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03c9<\/em><\/td>\nangular velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/td>\nampere (current unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/em><\/td>\narea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/em><\/td>\ncross-sectional area<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/em><\/td>\ntotal number of nucleons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/em><\/td>\nacceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\nBohr radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\ncentripetal acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/em>t<\/sub><\/td>\ntangential acceleration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AC<\/td>\nalternating current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AM<\/td>\namplitude modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
atm<\/td>\natmosphere<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em><\/td>\nbaryon number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em><\/td>\nblue quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{B}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nantiblue (yellow) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor bottom or beauty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em><\/td>\nbulk modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em><\/td>\nmagnetic field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em>int<\/sub><\/td>\nelectron\u2019s intrinsic magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/em>orb<\/sub><\/td>\norbital magnetic field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BE<\/td>\nbinding energy of a nucleus\u2014it is the energy required to completely disassemble it into separate protons and neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\text{BE}}{A}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nbinding energy per nucleon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bq<\/td>\nbecquerel\u2014one decay per second<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/em><\/td>\ncapacitance (amount of charge stored per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/em><\/td>\ncoulomb (a fundamental SI unit of charge)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal capacitance in parallel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal capacitance in series<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CG<\/td>\ncenter of gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CM<\/td>\ncenter of mass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor charm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/em><\/td>\nspecific heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/em><\/td>\nspeed of light<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cal<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cal<\/td>\ncalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COP<\/em>hp<\/sub><\/td>\nheat pump\u2019s coefficient of performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COP<\/em>ref<\/sub><\/td>\ncoefficient of performance for refrigerators and air conditioners<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cos\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ncosine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cot\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ncotangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
csc\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ncosecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/em><\/td>\ndiffusion constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/em><\/td>\ndisplacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor down<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dB<\/td>\ndecibel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\ndistance of an image from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\ndistance of an object from the center of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DC<\/td>\ndirect current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em><\/td>\nelectric field strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u03b5<\/em><\/td>\nemf (voltage) or Hall electromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
emf<\/td>\nelectromotive force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em><\/td>\nenergy of a single photon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em><\/td>\nnuclear reaction energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em><\/td>\nrelativistic total energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em><\/td>\ntotal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nground state energy for hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nrest energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EC<\/td>\nelectron capture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>cap<\/sub><\/td>\nenergy stored in a capacitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eff<\/em><\/td>\nefficiency\u2014the useful work output divided by the energy input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eff<\/em>C<\/sub><\/td>\nCarnot efficiency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>in<\/sub><\/td>\nenergy consumed (food digested in humans)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>ind<\/sub><\/td>\nenergy stored in an inductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\nenergy output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
e<\/em><\/td>\nemissivity of an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
e<\/em>+<\/sup><\/td>\nantielectron or positron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
eV<\/td>\nelectron volt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/td>\nfarad (unit of capacitance, a coulomb per volt)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/td>\nfocal point of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/strong><\/td>\nforce<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em><\/td>\nmagnitude of a force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em><\/td>\nrestoring force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\nbuoyant force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\ncentripetal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\nforce input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/strong>net<\/sub><\/td>\nnet force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\nforce output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FM<\/td>\nfrequency modulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em><\/td>\nfocal length<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em><\/td>\nfrequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nresonant frequency of a resistance, inductance, and capacitance (RLC<\/em>) series circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nthreshold frequency for a particular material (photoelectric effect)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>1<\/sub><\/td>\nfundamental<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>2<\/sub><\/td>\nfirst overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>3<\/sub><\/td>\nsecond overtone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>B<\/sub><\/td>\nbeat frequency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>k<\/sub><\/td>\nmagnitude of kinetic friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\nmagnitude of static friction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/em><\/td>\ngravitational constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/em><\/td>\ngreen quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{G}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nantigreen (magenta) antiquark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g<\/em><\/td>\nacceleration due to gravity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g<\/em><\/td>\ngluons (carrier particles for strong nuclear force)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em><\/td>\nchange in vertical position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em><\/td>\nheight above some reference point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em><\/td>\nmaximum height of a projectile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em><\/td>\nPlanck’s constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
hf<\/em><\/td>\nphoton energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em>i<\/sub><\/td>\nheight of the image<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\nheight of the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em><\/td>\nelectric current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em><\/td>\nintensity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em><\/td>\nintensity of a transmitted wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em><\/td>\nmoment of inertia (also called rotational inertia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em>0<\/sub><\/td>\nintensity of a polarized wave before passing through a filter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em>ave<\/sub><\/td>\naverage intensity for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\naverage current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J<\/td>\njoule<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\displaystyle\\frac{\\text{J}}{\\Psi}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nJoules\/psi meson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K<\/td>\nkelvin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
k<\/em><\/td>\nBoltzmann constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
k<\/em><\/td>\nforce constant of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u03b1<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a01 shell vacancy from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u03b2<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a02 shell vacancy from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kcal<\/td>\nkilocalorie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KE<\/td>\ntranslational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KE + PE<\/td>\nmechanical energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEe<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nkinetic energy of an ejected electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KErel<\/sub><\/td>\nrelativistic kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KErot<\/sub><\/td>\nrotational kinetic energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\text{KE}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nthermal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kg<\/td>\nkilogram (a fundamental SI unit of mass)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em><\/td>\nangular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/td>\nliter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em><\/td>\nmagnitude of angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em><\/td>\nself-inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2113<\/em><\/td>\nangular momentum quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u03b1<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nx rays created when an electron falls into an n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a02 shell from the n<\/em>\u00a0=\u00a03 shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Le<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nelectron total family number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u03bc<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nmuon family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u03c4<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\ntau family total number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lf<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nheat of fusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lf<\/sub><\/em> and Lv<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nlatent heat coefficients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em>orb<\/sub><\/td>\norbital angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\nheat of sublimation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L<\/em>v<\/sub><\/td>\nheat of vaporization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lz<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of the angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M<\/em><\/td>\nangular magnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M<\/em><\/td>\nmutual inductance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/td>\nindicates metastable state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em><\/td>\nmagnification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em><\/td>\nmass<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em><\/td>\nmass of an object as measured by a person at rest relative to the object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/td>\nmeter (a fundamental SI unit of length)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em><\/td>\norder of interference<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em><\/td>\noverall magnification (product of the individual magnifications)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]m\\left({^{A}\\text{X}}\\right)\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\natomic mass of a nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MA<\/td>\nmechanical advantage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em>e<\/sub><\/td>\nmagnification of the eyepiece<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
me<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nmass of the electron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u2113<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nangular momentum projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nmass of a neutron<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em>o<\/sub><\/td>\nmagnification of the objective lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mol<\/td>\nmole<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mp<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nmass of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\nspin projection quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N<\/em><\/td>\nmagnitude of the normal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N<\/td>\nnewton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N<\/strong><\/td>\nnormal force<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N<\/em><\/td>\nnumber of neutrons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
n<\/em><\/td>\nindex of refraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
n<\/em><\/td>\nnumber of free charges per unit volume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NA<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nAvogadro’s number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N<\/em>r<\/sub><\/td>\nReynolds number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0m<\/td>\nnewton-meter (work-energy unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0m<\/td>\nnewtons times meters (SI unit of torque)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OE<\/td>\nother energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em><\/td>\npower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em><\/td>\npower of a lens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em><\/td>\npressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/strong><\/td>\nmomentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/em><\/td>\nmomentum magnitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/em><\/td>\nrelativistic momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
p<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal momentum some time later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>abs<\/sub><\/td>\nabsolute pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>atm<\/sub><\/td>\natmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>atm<\/sub><\/td>\nstandard atmospheric pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PE<\/td>\npotential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEel<\/sub><\/td>\nelastic potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEelec<\/sub><\/td>\nelectric potential energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEs<\/sub><\/td>\npotential energy of a spring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>g<\/sub><\/td>\ngauge pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>in<\/sub><\/td>\npower consumption or input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
P<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\nuseful power output going into useful work or a desired, form of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\nlatent heat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\nnet heat transferred into a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Q<\/em><\/td>\nflow rate\u2014volume per unit time flowing past a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+Q<\/em><\/td>\npositive charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2212Q<\/em><\/td>\nnegative charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q<\/em><\/td>\nelectron charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
qp<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\ncharge of a proton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q<\/em><\/td>\ntest charge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QF<\/td>\nquality factor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nactivity, the rate of decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nradius of curvature of a spherical mirror<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nred quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{R}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nantired (cyan) quark color<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nresistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/td>\nresultant or total displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nRydberg constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em><\/td>\nuniversal gas constant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em><\/td>\ndistance from pivot point to the point where a force is applied<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em><\/td>\ninternal resistance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em>\u22a5<\/td>\nperpendicular lever arm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em><\/td>\nradius of a nucleus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em><\/td>\nradius of curvature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r<\/em><\/td>\nresistivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r or rad<\/td>\nradiation dose unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rem<\/td>\nroentgen equivalent man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rad<\/td>\nradian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RBE<\/td>\nrelative biological effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RC<\/em><\/td>\nresistor and capacitor circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rms<\/td>\nroot mean square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rn<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nradius of the n<\/em>th H-atom orbit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal resistance of a parallel connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal resistance of a series connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\nSchwarzschild radius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S<\/em><\/td>\nentropy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S<\/strong><\/td>\nintrinsic spin (intrinsic angular momentum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S<\/em><\/td>\nmagnitude of the intrinsic (internal) spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S<\/em><\/td>\nshear modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S<\/em><\/td>\nstrangeness quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor strange<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s<\/td>\nsecond (fundamental SI unit of time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s<\/em><\/td>\nspin quantum number<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s<\/strong><\/td>\ntotal displacement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sec\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\nsecant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sin\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\nsine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sz<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nz<\/em>-component of spin angular momentum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/em><\/td>\nperiod\u2014time to complete one oscillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/em><\/td>\ntemperature<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\ncritical temperature\u2014temperature below which a material becomes a superconductor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/em><\/td>\ntension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T<\/td>\ntesla (magnetic field strength B<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor top or truth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t<\/em><\/td>\ntime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t<\/em>1\/2<\/sub><\/td>\nhalf-life\u2014the time in which half of the original nuclei decay<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tan\u03b8<\/em><\/td>\ntangent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
U<\/em><\/td>\ninternal energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/em><\/td>\nquark flavor up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/td>\nunified atomic mass unit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/strong><\/td>\nvelocity of an object relative to an observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/strong>\u2032<\/td>\nvelocity relative to another observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em><\/td>\nelectric potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em><\/td>\nterminal voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/td>\nvolt (unit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em><\/td>\nvolume<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/strong><\/td>\nrelative velocity between two observers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/em><\/td>\nspeed of light in a material<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/strong><\/td>\nvelocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]\\overline{\\mathbf{v}}\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\naverage fluid velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VB<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0\u2212\u00a0VA<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\nchange in potential<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/strong>d<\/sub><\/td>\ndrift velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em>p<\/sub><\/td>\ntransformer input voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\nrms voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/em>s<\/sub><\/td>\ntransformer output voltage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/strong>tot<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/em>w<\/sub><\/td>\npropagation speed of sound or other wave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
v<\/strong>w<\/sub><\/td>\nwave velocity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/em><\/td>\nwork<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/em><\/td>\nnet work done by a system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/td>\nwatt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w<\/em><\/td>\nweight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w<\/em>fl<\/sub><\/td>\nweight of the fluid displaced by an object<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/em>c<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal work done by all conservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/em>nc<\/sub><\/td>\ntotal work done by all nonconservative forces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
W<\/em>out<\/sub><\/td>\nuseful work output<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X<\/em><\/td>\namplitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X<\/td>\nsymbol for an element<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^A_Z\\text{X}_N\\\\[\/latex]<\/td>\nnotation for a particular nuclide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/em><\/td>\ndeformation or displacement from equilibrium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/em><\/td>\ndisplacement of a spring from its undeformed position<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/em><\/td>\nhorizontal axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X<\/em>C<\/sub><\/td>\ncapacitive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
X<\/em>L<\/sub><\/td>\ninductive reactance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/em>rms<\/sub><\/td>\nroot mean square diffusion distance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
y<\/em><\/td>\nvertical axis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y<\/em><\/td>\nelastic modulus or Young’s modulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z<\/em><\/td>\natomic number (number of protons in a nucleus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z<\/em><\/td>\nimpedance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t
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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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