{"id":2411,"date":"2017-08-03T22:54:55","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T22:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/epcc-atdcoursereview-publicspeakingprinciples\/?post_type=chapter&p=2411"},"modified":"2017-08-03T22:54:55","modified_gmt":"2017-08-03T22:54:55","slug":"general-guidelines-to-special-occasion-speeches","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-epcc-speech\/chapter\/general-guidelines-to-special-occasion-speeches\/","title":{"raw":"General Guidelines to Special Occasion Speeches","rendered":"General Guidelines to Special Occasion Speeches"},"content":{"raw":"

Keep It Short<\/h2>\n\"AWith careful planning and a certain amount of practice, you can certainly deliver a ceremonial speech that will make a memorable impact. These guidelines might help make the planning and rehearsal process a little easier for you. First, if it\u2019s possible, keep the speech short (Perlman, 1997). More important than your speech is the occasion that you\u2019re commemorating; you don\u2019t want to overshadow the event that others have gathered to celebrate. For instance, if you are introducing a keynote speaker or presenting an award, avoid going into a \u201cshopping list\u201d of all the honoree\u2019s accomplishments. In some cases they might be too numerous to list. Also consider how familiar your audience is with the honoree or recipient; he or she might be so well known that it might not be the best use of the audience\u2019s time to recite a litany of the recipient\u2019s accomplishments. Even longer speeches (e.g., commencement or keynote) shouldn\u2019t be too long as audience members will not appreciate having to hear an address that seems to go on for a long time. In general, keep the current occasion in mind and focus primarily on the award or recognition that motivated the occasion.\n

Acknowledge the Obvious<\/h2>\nAnother thing to keep in mind is to \u201cfinesse the obvious\u201d (Perlman, 1997). One might take this advice to mean to not to insult the intelligence of the audience. In some cases, the audience will be very familiar with the main speaker or recipient\u2014who might be a well-known alumnus, actor, or politician; however, it would be insulting not to acknowledge what makes such a person noteworthy. Therefore, you might say something like, \u201cAs we all know . . .\u201d or \u201cIt goes without saying that . . .\u201d in order to point out the apparent when acknowledging well-known achievements that shouldn\u2019t go unnoticed.\n

Stay Positive<\/h2>\nRegardless of the occasion or speech, stay positive, even if it is to commemorate a sad occasion or remember the loss of an individual. Perlman (1997) suggests taking every opportunity to compliment the speaker. Humorous anecdotes are generally okay if they\u2019re positive. This guideline also applies to roasts. Even if you are able to insert a few embarrassing anecdotes, the best roasts start and end on a positive note.\n
A well-developed sense of humor is the pole that adds balance to your steps as you walk the tightrope of life. \u00a0~ William Arthur Ward<\/div><\/blockquote>\n
Table 17.1 Common Types of Verbal Humor<\/th>\n<\/tr><\/thead>
Anecdote:<\/strong><\/td>\nInteresting stories told to help the speaker make a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Aside: \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA statement added as an after-thought, appearing as though the speaker said something that reminded him or her of the aside<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Banter:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nGood-natured teasing done back-and-forth with another person, sometimes with an audience member<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Blendword:<\/strong><\/td>\nThe combination of two words to make a new word: e.g. \"murse\" for \"man\" and \"purse\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Blunder:<\/strong><\/td>\nWitty way of making a mistake or verbal faux pas<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Conundrum:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA word puzzle that has a pun for an answer: e.g. cows wearing bells because their horns do not work<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Freudian Slip:<\/strong><\/td>\nA humorous statement that appears to come spontaneously, but really reflects the speaker's subconscious<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Hyperbole:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nExcessive exaggeration<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Irony:<\/strong><\/td>\nWords or statements used to reflect the complete opposite of their original meaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Joke:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA short anecdote that has a funny twist at the end<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Parody:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA humorous version of another writing or speech<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Recovery:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nThe appearance of a blunder that the speaker quickly corrects, in an attempt to save himself or herself<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Repartee:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nClever or witty retorts, often in the form of insults<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Satire:<\/strong><\/td>\nHumor that is critical or makes fun of something<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Situational Humor:<\/strong><\/td>\nHumor that comes from the speaker's own personal experiences<\/td>\n<\/tr>
Understatement:<\/strong><\/td>\nIntentionally down-sizing something to make it appear smaller or less severe<\/td>\n<\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Use Humor Carefully<\/h2>\nThe topic of humor itself warrants careful discussion. Humor can find its way into almost any special occasion speech, and it\u2019s a good way to keep the audience interested in your speech\u2014 when used effectively (Hamilton, 2002). Humor is more than just telling jokes\u2014it is really about supplementing your message as well as really driving your point home, so to speak. Humor can be appealing to both speaker and audience because it creates a sense of immediacy and psychological closeness. It also facilitates a common bond between speaker and audience, which helps the audience identify even more with the topic and content of the speech.\n\nIf you decide to use humor, you should make this decision carefully. While everyone has the potential to be funny and to use humor in an effective way, some occasions lend themselves to humor more than others.\u00a0Furthermore, some speakers may doubt their abilities to pull off humor in certain situations or with specific audiences. If you\u2019re asking yourself, \u201cShould I use humor?\u201d you should consider whether the situation lends itself to some humor or laughter, if you might undermine your own credibility, or if you even have the comfort level of the timing to pull off the humor attempt (Audrieth, 1998). People who naturally the see the humor in situations and can look at life in a humorous light will likely be able to use humor effectively in a public speech. This ability can prove to be a tremendous asset to a public speaker. However, it takes a good deal more than just some natural ability to be effective. As Audrieth advises, \u201cIf deep, deep down, you know that you are a klutz when it comes to delivering the punch line, if you can't seem to get jokes right, then consider carefully your decision to use humor.\u201d\n
The face is the mirror of the mind, and eyes without speaking confess the secrets of the heart. \u00a0~ St. Jerome<\/div><\/blockquote>\nWhen learning to use humor, speakers should understand the importance of nonverbal delivery (Hamilton, 2002). For one thing, do not give off the impression that you expect laughter or smiling in response to any particular remark. If you deliver a clever line and stand there with an expectant smile, you are going to feel and look foolish if no one responds. Furthermore, some audience members may find it less arrogant or more endearing if you can deliver a punch line without looking like you expect a response. Nonverbal delivery also involves a sense of comic timing. Being able to deliver funny lines without having to adjust your overall delivery is a skill that is highly valued. Timing also means not having to step in and out of a humorous line. In other words, try not to show a difference in tone between the funny and not-so-funny segments of your speech. When incorporating these strategies, remember that you will get better with practice. Even the best humorists practice their speeches to polish their delivery.\n\nOf course, nonverbal humor should not stand alone. An after-dinner speaker should have a good understanding and command of various verbal humor forms (Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 2007) and plays on words. The idea here is that the verbal and nonverbal cues supplement each other to convey the most appropriate humor, and using humor as a verbal strategy can convey what visual humor usually cannot. For instance, it may be difficult or impossible to convey irony or contradiction through nonverbal cues alone. Using language to point out ironies and contradictory situations in life can remind listeners of what makes us human (Eisenberg, Goodall, & Tretheway, 2007), as well as make a serious point in a subtle way.\n\nAdditional forms of verbal strategies include puns, hyperboles, anecdotes, and others that can tell a story or use language to convey humor images. Some of the more popular forms can be found in Table 17.1.\n
I'm not funny. What I am is brave. \u00a0~ Lucille Ball<\/div><\/blockquote>\n\"A","rendered":"

Keep It Short<\/h2>\n

\"AWith careful planning and a certain amount of practice, you can certainly deliver a ceremonial speech that will make a memorable impact. These guidelines might help make the planning and rehearsal process a little easier for you. First, if it\u2019s possible, keep the speech short (Perlman, 1997). More important than your speech is the occasion that you\u2019re commemorating; you don\u2019t want to overshadow the event that others have gathered to celebrate. For instance, if you are introducing a keynote speaker or presenting an award, avoid going into a \u201cshopping list\u201d of all the honoree\u2019s accomplishments. In some cases they might be too numerous to list. Also consider how familiar your audience is with the honoree or recipient; he or she might be so well known that it might not be the best use of the audience\u2019s time to recite a litany of the recipient\u2019s accomplishments. Even longer speeches (e.g., commencement or keynote) shouldn\u2019t be too long as audience members will not appreciate having to hear an address that seems to go on for a long time. In general, keep the current occasion in mind and focus primarily on the award or recognition that motivated the occasion.<\/p>\n

Acknowledge the Obvious<\/h2>\n

Another thing to keep in mind is to \u201cfinesse the obvious\u201d (Perlman, 1997). One might take this advice to mean to not to insult the intelligence of the audience. In some cases, the audience will be very familiar with the main speaker or recipient\u2014who might be a well-known alumnus, actor, or politician; however, it would be insulting not to acknowledge what makes such a person noteworthy. Therefore, you might say something like, \u201cAs we all know . . .\u201d or \u201cIt goes without saying that . . .\u201d in order to point out the apparent when acknowledging well-known achievements that shouldn\u2019t go unnoticed.<\/p>\n

Stay Positive<\/h2>\n

Regardless of the occasion or speech, stay positive, even if it is to commemorate a sad occasion or remember the loss of an individual. Perlman (1997) suggests taking every opportunity to compliment the speaker. Humorous anecdotes are generally okay if they\u2019re positive. This guideline also applies to roasts. Even if you are able to insert a few embarrassing anecdotes, the best roasts start and end on a positive note.<\/p>\n

\n
A well-developed sense of humor is the pole that adds balance to your steps as you walk the tightrope of life. \u00a0~ William Arthur Ward<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 17.1 Common Types of Verbal Humor<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Anecdote:<\/strong><\/td>\nInteresting stories told to help the speaker make a point<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aside: \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA statement added as an after-thought, appearing as though the speaker said something that reminded him or her of the aside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Banter:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nGood-natured teasing done back-and-forth with another person, sometimes with an audience member<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Blendword:<\/strong><\/td>\nThe combination of two words to make a new word: e.g. “murse” for “man” and “purse”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Blunder:<\/strong><\/td>\nWitty way of making a mistake or verbal faux pas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conundrum:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA word puzzle that has a pun for an answer: e.g. cows wearing bells because their horns do not work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Freudian Slip:<\/strong><\/td>\nA humorous statement that appears to come spontaneously, but really reflects the speaker’s subconscious<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hyperbole:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nExcessive exaggeration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irony:<\/strong><\/td>\nWords or statements used to reflect the complete opposite of their original meaning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Joke:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA short anecdote that has a funny twist at the end<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parody:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nA humorous version of another writing or speech<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Recovery:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nThe appearance of a blunder that the speaker quickly corrects, in an attempt to save himself or herself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Repartee:\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nClever or witty retorts, often in the form of insults<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Satire:<\/strong><\/td>\nHumor that is critical or makes fun of something<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Situational Humor:<\/strong><\/td>\nHumor that comes from the speaker’s own personal experiences<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Understatement:<\/strong><\/td>\nIntentionally down-sizing something to make it appear smaller or less severe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Use Humor Carefully<\/h2>\n

The topic of humor itself warrants careful discussion. Humor can find its way into almost any special occasion speech, and it\u2019s a good way to keep the audience interested in your speech\u2014 when used effectively (Hamilton, 2002). Humor is more than just telling jokes\u2014it is really about supplementing your message as well as really driving your point home, so to speak. Humor can be appealing to both speaker and audience because it creates a sense of immediacy and psychological closeness. It also facilitates a common bond between speaker and audience, which helps the audience identify even more with the topic and content of the speech.<\/p>\n

If you decide to use humor, you should make this decision carefully. While everyone has the potential to be funny and to use humor in an effective way, some occasions lend themselves to humor more than others.\u00a0Furthermore, some speakers may doubt their abilities to pull off humor in certain situations or with specific audiences. If you\u2019re asking yourself, \u201cShould I use humor?\u201d you should consider whether the situation lends itself to some humor or laughter, if you might undermine your own credibility, or if you even have the comfort level of the timing to pull off the humor attempt (Audrieth, 1998). People who naturally the see the humor in situations and can look at life in a humorous light will likely be able to use humor effectively in a public speech. This ability can prove to be a tremendous asset to a public speaker. However, it takes a good deal more than just some natural ability to be effective. As Audrieth advises, \u201cIf deep, deep down, you know that you are a klutz when it comes to delivering the punch line, if you can’t seem to get jokes right, then consider carefully your decision to use humor.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n
The face is the mirror of the mind, and eyes without speaking confess the secrets of the heart. \u00a0~ St. Jerome<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

When learning to use humor, speakers should understand the importance of nonverbal delivery (Hamilton, 2002). For one thing, do not give off the impression that you expect laughter or smiling in response to any particular remark. If you deliver a clever line and stand there with an expectant smile, you are going to feel and look foolish if no one responds. Furthermore, some audience members may find it less arrogant or more endearing if you can deliver a punch line without looking like you expect a response. Nonverbal delivery also involves a sense of comic timing. Being able to deliver funny lines without having to adjust your overall delivery is a skill that is highly valued. Timing also means not having to step in and out of a humorous line. In other words, try not to show a difference in tone between the funny and not-so-funny segments of your speech. When incorporating these strategies, remember that you will get better with practice. Even the best humorists practice their speeches to polish their delivery.<\/p>\n

Of course, nonverbal humor should not stand alone. An after-dinner speaker should have a good understanding and command of various verbal humor forms (Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 2007) and plays on words. The idea here is that the verbal and nonverbal cues supplement each other to convey the most appropriate humor, and using humor as a verbal strategy can convey what visual humor usually cannot. For instance, it may be difficult or impossible to convey irony or contradiction through nonverbal cues alone. Using language to point out ironies and contradictory situations in life can remind listeners of what makes us human (Eisenberg, Goodall, & Tretheway, 2007), as well as make a serious point in a subtle way.<\/p>\n

Additional forms of verbal strategies include puns, hyperboles, anecdotes, and others that can tell a story or use language to convey humor images. Some of the more popular forms can be found in Table 17.1.<\/p>\n

\n
I’m not funny. What I am is brave. \u00a0~ Lucille Ball<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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