{"id":1858,"date":"2014-10-24T05:01:29","date_gmt":"2014-10-24T05:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/apvccs\/?post_type=chapter&p=1858"},"modified":"2016-09-18T11:35:24","modified_gmt":"2016-09-18T11:35:24","slug":"glossary-bone-tissue","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-biologyofaging\/chapter\/glossary-bone-tissue\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: Bone Tissue","rendered":"Glossary: Bone Tissue"},"content":{"raw":"
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<\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
articular cartilage<\/dt>
thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber<\/dd>
articulation<\/dt>
where two bone surfaces meet<\/dd>
bone<\/dt>
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton<\/dd>
canaliculi<\/dt>
(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte\u2019s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients<\/dd>
cartilage<\/dt>
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement<\/dd>
central canal<\/dt>
longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal<\/dd>
closed reduction<\/dt>
manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery<\/dd>
compact bone<\/dt>
dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces<\/dd>
diaphysis<\/dt>
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone<\/dd>
diplo\u00eb<\/dt>
layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones<\/dd>
endochondral ossification<\/dt>
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage<\/dd>
endosteum<\/dt>
delicate membranous lining of a bone\u2019s medullary cavity<\/dd>
epiphyseal line<\/dt>
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd>
epiphyseal plate<\/dt>
(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length<\/dd>
epiphysis<\/dt>
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow<\/dd>
external callus<\/dt>
collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture<\/dd>
flat bone<\/dt>
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs<\/dd>
fracture hematoma<\/dt>
blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone<\/dd>
fracture<\/dt>
broken bone<\/dd>
hematopoiesis<\/dt>
production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones<\/dd>
hole<\/dt>
opening or depression in a bone<\/dd>
hypercalcemia<\/dt>
condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium<\/dd>
hypocalcemia<\/dt>
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium<\/dd>
internal callus<\/dt>
fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone<\/dd>
intramembranous ossification<\/dt>
process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue<\/dd>
irregular bone<\/dt>
bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces<\/dd>
lacunae<\/dt>
(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte<\/dd>
long bone<\/dt>
cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever<\/dd>
medullary cavity<\/dt>
hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow<\/dd>
modeling<\/dt>
process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another<\/dd>
nutrient foramen<\/dt>
small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment<\/dd>
open reduction<\/dt>
surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture<\/dd>
orthopedist<\/dt>
doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries<\/dd>
osseous tissue<\/dt>
bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton<\/dd>
ossification center<\/dt>
cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification<\/dd>
ossification<\/dt>
(also, osteogenesis) bone formation<\/dd>
osteoblast<\/dt>
cell responsible for forming new bone<\/dd>
osteoclast<\/dt>
cell responsible for resorbing bone<\/dd>
osteocyte<\/dt>
primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix<\/dd>
osteogenic cell<\/dt>
undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts<\/dd>
osteoid<\/dt>
uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts<\/dd>
osteon<\/dt>
(also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix<\/dd>
osteoporosis<\/dt>
disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages<\/dd>
perforating canal<\/dt>
(also, Volkmann\u2019s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum<\/dd>
perichondrium<\/dt>
membrane that covers cartilage<\/dd>
periosteum<\/dt>
fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments<\/dd>
primary ossification center<\/dt>
region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification<\/dd>
projection<\/dt>
bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach<\/dd>
proliferative zone<\/dt>
region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd>
red marrow<\/dt>
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place<\/dd>
remodeling<\/dt>
process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed<\/dd>
reserve zone<\/dt>
region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis<\/dd>
secondary ossification center<\/dt>
region of bone development in the epiphyses<\/dd>
sesamoid bone<\/dt>
small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces<\/dd>
short bone<\/dt>
cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion<\/dd>
skeletal system<\/dt>
organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection<\/dd>
spongy bone<\/dt>
(also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution<\/dd>
trabeculae<\/dt>
(singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone<\/dd>
yellow marrow<\/dt>
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored<\/dd>
zone of calcified matrix<\/dt>
region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis<\/dd>
zone of maturation and hypertrophy<\/dt>
region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd><\/dl> \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
<\/div>","rendered":"
\n
\n

<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n
articular cartilage<\/dt>\n
thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis; reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber<\/dd>\n
articulation<\/dt>\n
where two bone surfaces meet<\/dd>\n
bone<\/dt>\n
hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton<\/dd>\n
canaliculi<\/dt>\n
(singular = canaliculus) channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte\u2019s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients<\/dd>\n
cartilage<\/dt>\n
semi-rigid connective tissue found on the skeleton in areas where flexibility and smooth surfaces support movement<\/dd>\n
central canal<\/dt>\n
longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as the Haversian canal<\/dd>\n
closed reduction<\/dt>\n
manual manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position without surgery<\/dd>\n
compact bone<\/dt>\n
dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces<\/dd>\n
diaphysis<\/dt>\n
tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone<\/dd>\n
diplo\u00eb<\/dt>\n
layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two the layers of compact bone found in flat bones<\/dd>\n
endochondral ossification<\/dt>\n
process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage<\/dd>\n
endosteum<\/dt>\n
delicate membranous lining of a bone\u2019s medullary cavity<\/dd>\n
epiphyseal line<\/dt>\n
completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd>\n
epiphyseal plate<\/dt>\n
(also, growth plate) sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length<\/dd>\n
epiphysis<\/dt>\n
wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow<\/dd>\n
external callus<\/dt>\n
collar of hyaline cartilage and bone that forms around the outside of a fracture<\/dd>\n
flat bone<\/dt>\n
thin and curved bone; serves as a point of attachment for muscles and protects internal organs<\/dd>\n
fracture hematoma<\/dt>\n
blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone<\/dd>\n
fracture<\/dt>\n
broken bone<\/dd>\n
hematopoiesis<\/dt>\n
production of blood cells, which occurs in the red marrow of the bones<\/dd>\n
hole<\/dt>\n
opening or depression in a bone<\/dd>\n
hypercalcemia<\/dt>\n
condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium<\/dd>\n
hypocalcemia<\/dt>\n
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium<\/dd>\n
internal callus<\/dt>\n
fibrocartilaginous matrix, in the endosteal region, between the two ends of a broken bone<\/dd>\n
intramembranous ossification<\/dt>\n
process by which bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue<\/dd>\n
irregular bone<\/dt>\n
bone of complex shape; protects internal organs from compressive forces<\/dd>\n
lacunae<\/dt>\n
(singular = lacuna) spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte<\/dd>\n
long bone<\/dt>\n
cylinder-shaped bone that is longer than it is wide; functions as a lever<\/dd>\n
medullary cavity<\/dt>\n
hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow<\/dd>\n
modeling<\/dt>\n
process, during bone growth, by which bone is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another<\/dd>\n
nutrient foramen<\/dt>\n
small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment<\/dd>\n
open reduction<\/dt>\n
surgical exposure of a bone to reset a fracture<\/dd>\n
orthopedist<\/dt>\n
doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders and injuries<\/dd>\n
osseous tissue<\/dt>\n
bone tissue; a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the structural elements of the skeleton<\/dd>\n
ossification center<\/dt>\n
cluster of osteoblasts found in the early stages of intramembranous ossification<\/dd>\n
ossification<\/dt>\n
(also, osteogenesis) bone formation<\/dd>\n
osteoblast<\/dt>\n
cell responsible for forming new bone<\/dd>\n
osteoclast<\/dt>\n
cell responsible for resorbing bone<\/dd>\n
osteocyte<\/dt>\n
primary cell in mature bone; responsible for maintaining the matrix<\/dd>\n
osteogenic cell<\/dt>\n
undifferentiated cell with high mitotic activity; the only bone cells that divide; they differentiate and develop into osteoblasts<\/dd>\n
osteoid<\/dt>\n
uncalcified bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts<\/dd>\n
osteon<\/dt>\n
(also, Haversian system) basic structural unit of compact bone; made of concentric layers of calcified matrix<\/dd>\n
osteoporosis<\/dt>\n
disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass; occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages<\/dd>\n
perforating canal<\/dt>\n
(also, Volkmann\u2019s canal) channel that branches off from the central canal and houses vessels and nerves that extend to the periosteum and endosteum<\/dd>\n
perichondrium<\/dt>\n
membrane that covers cartilage<\/dd>\n
periosteum<\/dt>\n
fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and continuous with ligaments<\/dd>\n
primary ossification center<\/dt>\n
region, deep in the periosteal collar, where bone development starts during endochondral ossification<\/dd>\n
projection<\/dt>\n
bone markings where part of the surface sticks out above the rest of the surface, where tendons and ligaments attach<\/dd>\n
proliferative zone<\/dt>\n
region of the epiphyseal plate that makes new chondrocytes to replace those that die at the diaphyseal end of the plate and contributes to longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd>\n
red marrow<\/dt>\n
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where hematopoiesis takes place<\/dd>\n
remodeling<\/dt>\n
process by which osteoclasts resorb old or damaged bone at the same time as and on the same surface where osteoblasts form new bone to replace that which is resorbed<\/dd>\n
reserve zone<\/dt>\n
region of the epiphyseal plate that anchors the plate to the osseous tissue of the epiphysis<\/dd>\n
secondary ossification center<\/dt>\n
region of bone development in the epiphyses<\/dd>\n
sesamoid bone<\/dt>\n
small, round bone embedded in a tendon; protects the tendon from compressive forces<\/dd>\n
short bone<\/dt>\n
cube-shaped bone that is approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provides limited motion<\/dd>\n
skeletal system<\/dt>\n
organ system composed of bones and cartilage that provides for movement, support, and protection<\/dd>\n
spongy bone<\/dt>\n
(also, cancellous bone) trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution<\/dd>\n
trabeculae<\/dt>\n
(singular = trabecula) spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone<\/dd>\n
yellow marrow<\/dt>\n
connective tissue in the interior cavity of a bone where fat is stored<\/dd>\n
zone of calcified matrix<\/dt>\n
region of the epiphyseal plate closest to the diaphyseal end; functions to connect the epiphyseal plate to the diaphysis<\/dd>\n
zone of maturation and hypertrophy<\/dt>\n
region of the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes from the proliferative zone grow and mature and contribute to the longitudinal growth of the epiphyseal plate<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

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