{"id":5341,"date":"2016-10-13T22:58:44","date_gmt":"2016-10-13T22:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/ap1x2-91\/?post_type=chapter&p=5341"},"modified":"2017-05-10T16:53:14","modified_gmt":"2017-05-10T16:53:14","slug":"glossary-the-immune-system","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-biologyofaging\/chapter\/glossary-the-immune-system\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: The Immune System","rendered":"Glossary: The Immune System"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Glossary<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n\r\nadaptive immune response\u00a0<\/strong>relatively slow but very specific and effective immune response controlled by lymphocytes\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nafferent lymphatic vessels\u00a0<\/strong>lead into a lymph node\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nantibody\u00a0<\/strong>antigen-specific protein secreted by plasma cells; immunoglobulin\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nantigen\u00a0<\/strong>molecule recognized by the receptors of B and T lymphocytes\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbarrier defenses\u00a0<\/strong>antipathogen defenses deriving from a barrier that physically prevents pathogens from entering the body to establish an infection\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nB cells\u00a0<\/strong>lymphocytes that act by differentiating into an antibody-secreting plasma cell\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbone marrow\u00a0<\/strong>tissue found inside bones; the site of all blood cell differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodule associated with the respiratory tract\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nchyle\u00a0<\/strong>lipid-rich lymph inside the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ncisterna chyli\u00a0<\/strong>bag-like vessel that forms the beginning of the thoracic duct\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nefferent lymphatic vessels\u00a0<\/strong>lead out of a lymph node\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ngerminal centers\u00a0<\/strong>clusters of rapidly proliferating B cells found in secondary lymphoid tissues\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nhigh endothelial venules\u00a0<\/strong>vessels containing unique endothelial cells specialized to allow migration of lymphocytes from the blood to the lymph node\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nimmune system\u00a0<\/strong>series of barriers, cells, and soluble mediators that combine to response to infections of the body with pathogenic organisms\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ninnate immune response\u00a0<\/strong>rapid but relatively nonspecific immune response\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymph\u00a0<\/strong>fluid contained within the lymphatic system\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymph node\u00a0<\/strong>one of the bean-shaped organs found associated with the lymphatic vessels\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymphatic capillaries\u00a0<\/strong>smallest of the lymphatic vessels and the origin of lymph flow\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymphatic system\u00a0<\/strong>network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and ducts that carries lymph from the tissues and back to the bloodstream.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymphatic trunks\u00a0<\/strong>large lymphatics that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels and empties into the blood via lymphatic ducts\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymphocytes\u00a0<\/strong>white blood cells characterized by a large nucleus and small rim of cytoplasm\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlymphoid nodules\u00a0<\/strong>unencapsulated patches of lymphoid tissue found throughout the body\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nmucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodule associated with the mucosa\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nna\u00efve lymphocyte\u00a0<\/strong>mature B or T cell that has not yet encountered antigen for the first time\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nnatural killer cell (NK)\u00a0<\/strong>cytotoxic lymphocyte of innate immune response\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nplasma cell\u00a0<\/strong>differentiated B cell that is actively secreting antibody\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nprimary lymphoid organ\u00a0<\/strong>site where lymphocytes mature and proliferate; red bone marrow and thymus gland\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nright lymphatic duct\u00a0<\/strong>drains lymph fluid from the upper right side of body into the right subclavian vein\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nsecondary lymphoid organs\u00a0<\/strong>sites where lymphocytes mount adaptive immune responses; examples include lymph nodes and spleen\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nspleen\u00a0<\/strong>secondary lymphoid organ that filters pathogens from the blood (white pulp) and removes degenerating or damaged blood cells (red pulp)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nT cell\u00a0<\/strong>lymphocyte that acts by secreting molecules that regulate the immune system or by causing the destruction of foreign cells, viruses, and cancer cells\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nthoracic duct\u00a0<\/strong>large duct that drains lymph from the lower limbs, left thorax, left upper limb, and the left side of the head\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nthymocyte\u00a0<\/strong>immature T cell found in the thymus\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nthymus\u00a0<\/strong>primary lymphoid organ; where T lymphocytes proliferate and mature\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntonsils\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodules associated with the nasopharynx\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>","rendered":"
\n

Glossary<\/h3>\n
\n

adaptive immune response\u00a0<\/strong>relatively slow but very specific and effective immune response controlled by lymphocytes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

afferent lymphatic vessels\u00a0<\/strong>lead into a lymph node<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

antibody\u00a0<\/strong>antigen-specific protein secreted by plasma cells; immunoglobulin<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

antigen\u00a0<\/strong>molecule recognized by the receptors of B and T lymphocytes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

barrier defenses\u00a0<\/strong>antipathogen defenses deriving from a barrier that physically prevents pathogens from entering the body to establish an infection<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

B cells\u00a0<\/strong>lymphocytes that act by differentiating into an antibody-secreting plasma cell<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bone marrow\u00a0<\/strong>tissue found inside bones; the site of all blood cell differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodule associated with the respiratory tract<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

chyle\u00a0<\/strong>lipid-rich lymph inside the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

cisterna chyli\u00a0<\/strong>bag-like vessel that forms the beginning of the thoracic duct<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

efferent lymphatic vessels\u00a0<\/strong>lead out of a lymph node<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

germinal centers\u00a0<\/strong>clusters of rapidly proliferating B cells found in secondary lymphoid tissues<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

high endothelial venules\u00a0<\/strong>vessels containing unique endothelial cells specialized to allow migration of lymphocytes from the blood to the lymph node<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

immune system\u00a0<\/strong>series of barriers, cells, and soluble mediators that combine to response to infections of the body with pathogenic organisms<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

innate immune response\u00a0<\/strong>rapid but relatively nonspecific immune response<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymph\u00a0<\/strong>fluid contained within the lymphatic system<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymph node\u00a0<\/strong>one of the bean-shaped organs found associated with the lymphatic vessels<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymphatic capillaries\u00a0<\/strong>smallest of the lymphatic vessels and the origin of lymph flow<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymphatic system\u00a0<\/strong>network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and ducts that carries lymph from the tissues and back to the bloodstream.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymphatic trunks\u00a0<\/strong>large lymphatics that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels and empties into the blood via lymphatic ducts<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymphocytes\u00a0<\/strong>white blood cells characterized by a large nucleus and small rim of cytoplasm<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lymphoid nodules\u00a0<\/strong>unencapsulated patches of lymphoid tissue found throughout the body<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodule associated with the mucosa<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

na\u00efve lymphocyte\u00a0<\/strong>mature B or T cell that has not yet encountered antigen for the first time<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

natural killer cell (NK)\u00a0<\/strong>cytotoxic lymphocyte of innate immune response<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

plasma cell\u00a0<\/strong>differentiated B cell that is actively secreting antibody<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

primary lymphoid organ\u00a0<\/strong>site where lymphocytes mature and proliferate; red bone marrow and thymus gland<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

right lymphatic duct\u00a0<\/strong>drains lymph fluid from the upper right side of body into the right subclavian vein<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

secondary lymphoid organs\u00a0<\/strong>sites where lymphocytes mount adaptive immune responses; examples include lymph nodes and spleen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

spleen\u00a0<\/strong>secondary lymphoid organ that filters pathogens from the blood (white pulp) and removes degenerating or damaged blood cells (red pulp)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

T cell\u00a0<\/strong>lymphocyte that acts by secreting molecules that regulate the immune system or by causing the destruction of foreign cells, viruses, and cancer cells<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

thoracic duct\u00a0<\/strong>large duct that drains lymph from the lower limbs, left thorax, left upper limb, and the left side of the head<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

thymocyte\u00a0<\/strong>immature T cell found in the thymus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

thymus\u00a0<\/strong>primary lymphoid organ; where T lymphocytes proliferate and mature<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

tonsils\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid nodules associated with the nasopharynx<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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