{"id":5365,"date":"2016-10-15T11:33:53","date_gmt":"2016-10-15T11:33:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/ap1x2-91\/?post_type=chapter&p=5365"},"modified":"2017-05-11T14:48:23","modified_gmt":"2017-05-11T14:48:23","slug":"glossary-the-respiratory-system","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-biologyofaging\/chapter\/glossary-the-respiratory-system\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary: The Respiratory System","rendered":"Glossary: The Respiratory System"},"content":{"raw":"
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Glossary<\/h3>\r\nala\u00a0<\/strong>(plural = alae) small, flaring structure of a nostril that forms the lateral side of the nares\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalar cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>cartilage that supports the apex of the nose and helps shape the nares; it is connected to the septal cartilage and connective tissue of the alae\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalveolar duct\u00a0<\/strong>small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalveolar macrophage\u00a0<\/strong>immune system cell of the alveolus that removes debris and pathogens\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalveolar pore\u00a0<\/strong>opening that allows airflow between neighboring alveoli\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalveolar sac\u00a0<\/strong>cluster of alveoli\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nalveolus\u00a0<\/strong>small, grape-like sac that performs gas exchange in the lungs\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\napex\u00a0<\/strong>tip of the external nose\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbronchial tree\u00a0<\/strong>collective name for the multiple branches of the bronchi and bronchioles of the respiratory system\r\n\r\nbronchoconstriction\u00a0<\/strong>decrease in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall\r\n\r\nbronchodilation\u00a0<\/strong>increase in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbridge\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the external nose that lies in the area of the nasal bones\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbronchiole\u00a0<\/strong>branch of bronchi that are 1 mm or less in diameter and terminate at alveolar sacs\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nbronchus\u00a0<\/strong>tube connected to the trachea that branches into many subsidiaries and provides a passageway for air to enter and leave the lungs\r\n\r\ncardiac notch\u00a0<\/strong>indentation on the surface of the left lung that allows space for the heart\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nconducting zone\u00a0<\/strong>region of the respiratory system that includes the organs and structures that provide passageways for air and are not directly involved in gas exchange\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ncricoid cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the larynx composed of a ring of cartilage with a wide posterior region and a thinner anterior region; attached to the esophagus\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ndorsum nasi\u00a0<\/strong>intermediate portion of the external nose that connects the bridge to the apex and is supported by the nasal bone\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nepiglottis\u00a0<\/strong>leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings to close the trachea during swallowing\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nexternal nose\u00a0<\/strong>region of the nose that is easily visible to others\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nfauces\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the posterior oral cavity that connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nfibroelastic membrane\u00a0<\/strong>specialized membrane that connects the ends of the C-shape cartilage in the trachea; contains smooth muscle fibers\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nglottis\u00a0<\/strong>opening between the vocal folds through which air passes when producing speech\r\n\r\nhilum\u00a0<\/strong>concave structure on the mediastinal surface of the lungs where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and a bronchus enter the lung\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlaryngeal prominence\u00a0<\/strong>region where the two lamina of the thyroid cartilage join, forming a protrusion known as \u201cAdam\u2019s apple\u201d\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlaryngopharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlarynx\u00a0<\/strong>cartilaginous structure that produces the voice, prevents food and beverages from entering the trachea, and regulates the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nlingual tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue\r\n\r\nlung\u00a0<\/strong>organ of the respiratory system that performs gas exchange\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nmeatus\u00a0<\/strong>one of three recesses (superior, middle, and inferior) in the nasal cavity attached to the conchae that increase the surface area of the nasal cavity\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nnaris\u00a0<\/strong>(plural = nares) opening of the nostrils\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nnasal bone\u00a0<\/strong>bone of the skull that lies under the root and bridge of the nose and is connected to the frontal and maxillary bones\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nnasal septum\u00a0<\/strong>wall composed of bone and cartilage that separates the left and right nasal cavities\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nnasopharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx flanked by the conchae and oropharynx that serves as an airway\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\noropharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx flanked by the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and laryngopharynx that is a passageway for both air and food\r\n\r\npalatine tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>one of the paired structures composed of lymphoid tissue located anterior to the uvula at the roof of isthmus of the fauces\r\n\r\nparanasal sinus\u00a0<\/strong>one of the cavities within the skull that is connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skull; consists of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses\r\n\r\nparietal pleura\u00a0<\/strong>outermost layer of the pleura that connects to the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm\r\n
\r\n\r\npharyngeal tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>structure composed of lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\npharynx\u00a0<\/strong>region of the conducting zone that forms a tube of skeletal muscle lined with respiratory epithelium; located between the nasal conchae and the esophagus and trachea\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nphiltrum\u00a0<\/strong>concave surface of the face that connects the apex of the nose to the top lip\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\npleural cavity\u00a0<\/strong>space between the visceral and parietal pleurae\r\n\r\npleural fluid\u00a0<\/strong>substance that acts as a lubricant for the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura during the movement of breathing\r\n\r\npulmonary artery\u00a0<\/strong>artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated, arterial blood to the alveoli\r\n\r\npulmonary plexus\u00a0<\/strong>network of autonomic nervous system fibers found near the hilum of the lung\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\npulmonary surfactant\u00a0<\/strong>substance composed of phospholipids and proteins that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli; made by type II alveolar cells\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nrespiratory bronchiole\u00a0<\/strong>specific type of bronchiole that leads to alveolar sacs\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nrespiratory epithelium\u00a0<\/strong>ciliated lining of much of the conducting zone that is specialized to remove debris and pathogens, and produce mucus\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nrespiratory membrane\u00a0<\/strong>alveolar and capillary wall together, which form an air-blood barrier that facilitates the simple diffusion of gases\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nrespiratory zone\u00a0<\/strong>includes structures of the respiratory system that are directly involved in gas exchange\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nroot\u00a0<\/strong>region of the external nose between the eyebrows\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nthyroid cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>largest piece of cartilage that makes up the larynx and consists of two lamina\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntrachea\u00a0<\/strong>tube composed of cartilaginous rings and supporting tissue that connects the lung bronchi and the larynx; provides a route for air to enter and exit the lung\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntrachealis muscle\u00a0<\/strong>smooth muscle located in the fibroelastic membrane of the trachea\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntrue vocal cord\u00a0<\/strong>one of the pair of folded, white membranes that have a free inner edge that oscillates as air passes through to produce sound\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntype I alveolar cell\u00a0<\/strong>squamous epithelial cells that are the major cell type in the alveolar wall; highly permeable to gases\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\ntype II alveolar cell\u00a0<\/strong>cuboidal epithelial cells that are the minor cell type in the alveolar wall; secrete pulmonary surfactant\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\nvestibular fold\u00a0<\/strong>part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane; supports the epiglottis during swallowing\r\n\r\nvisceral pleura\u00a0<\/strong>innermost layer of the pleura that is superficial to the lungs and extends into the lung fissures\r\n\r\n
\r\n

<\/h3>\r\n<\/section><\/div>","rendered":"
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Glossary<\/h3>\n

ala\u00a0<\/strong>(plural = alae) small, flaring structure of a nostril that forms the lateral side of the nares<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alar cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>cartilage that supports the apex of the nose and helps shape the nares; it is connected to the septal cartilage and connective tissue of the alae<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alveolar duct\u00a0<\/strong>small tube that leads from the terminal bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole and is the point of attachment for alveoli<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alveolar macrophage\u00a0<\/strong>immune system cell of the alveolus that removes debris and pathogens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alveolar pore\u00a0<\/strong>opening that allows airflow between neighboring alveoli<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alveolar sac\u00a0<\/strong>cluster of alveoli<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

alveolus\u00a0<\/strong>small, grape-like sac that performs gas exchange in the lungs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

apex\u00a0<\/strong>tip of the external nose<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bronchial tree\u00a0<\/strong>collective name for the multiple branches of the bronchi and bronchioles of the respiratory system<\/p>\n

bronchoconstriction\u00a0<\/strong>decrease in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall<\/p>\n

bronchodilation\u00a0<\/strong>increase in the size of the bronchiole due to contraction of the muscular wall<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bridge\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the external nose that lies in the area of the nasal bones<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bronchiole\u00a0<\/strong>branch of bronchi that are 1 mm or less in diameter and terminate at alveolar sacs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

bronchus\u00a0<\/strong>tube connected to the trachea that branches into many subsidiaries and provides a passageway for air to enter and leave the lungs<\/p>\n

cardiac notch\u00a0<\/strong>indentation on the surface of the left lung that allows space for the heart<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

conducting zone\u00a0<\/strong>region of the respiratory system that includes the organs and structures that provide passageways for air and are not directly involved in gas exchange<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

cricoid cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the larynx composed of a ring of cartilage with a wide posterior region and a thinner anterior region; attached to the esophagus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

dorsum nasi\u00a0<\/strong>intermediate portion of the external nose that connects the bridge to the apex and is supported by the nasal bone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

epiglottis\u00a0<\/strong>leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings to close the trachea during swallowing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

external nose\u00a0<\/strong>region of the nose that is easily visible to others<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

fauces\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the posterior oral cavity that connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

fibroelastic membrane\u00a0<\/strong>specialized membrane that connects the ends of the C-shape cartilage in the trachea; contains smooth muscle fibers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

glottis\u00a0<\/strong>opening between the vocal folds through which air passes when producing speech<\/p>\n

hilum\u00a0<\/strong>concave structure on the mediastinal surface of the lungs where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and a bronchus enter the lung<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

laryngeal prominence\u00a0<\/strong>region where the two lamina of the thyroid cartilage join, forming a protrusion known as \u201cAdam\u2019s apple\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

laryngopharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

larynx\u00a0<\/strong>cartilaginous structure that produces the voice, prevents food and beverages from entering the trachea, and regulates the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

lingual tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue<\/p>\n

lung\u00a0<\/strong>organ of the respiratory system that performs gas exchange<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

meatus\u00a0<\/strong>one of three recesses (superior, middle, and inferior) in the nasal cavity attached to the conchae that increase the surface area of the nasal cavity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

naris\u00a0<\/strong>(plural = nares) opening of the nostrils<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

nasal bone\u00a0<\/strong>bone of the skull that lies under the root and bridge of the nose and is connected to the frontal and maxillary bones<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

nasal septum\u00a0<\/strong>wall composed of bone and cartilage that separates the left and right nasal cavities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

nasopharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx flanked by the conchae and oropharynx that serves as an airway<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

oropharynx\u00a0<\/strong>portion of the pharynx flanked by the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and laryngopharynx that is a passageway for both air and food<\/p>\n

palatine tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>one of the paired structures composed of lymphoid tissue located anterior to the uvula at the roof of isthmus of the fauces<\/p>\n

paranasal sinus\u00a0<\/strong>one of the cavities within the skull that is connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skull; consists of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses<\/p>\n

parietal pleura\u00a0<\/strong>outermost layer of the pleura that connects to the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragm<\/p>\n

\n

pharyngeal tonsil\u00a0<\/strong>structure composed of lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

pharynx\u00a0<\/strong>region of the conducting zone that forms a tube of skeletal muscle lined with respiratory epithelium; located between the nasal conchae and the esophagus and trachea<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

philtrum\u00a0<\/strong>concave surface of the face that connects the apex of the nose to the top lip<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

pleural cavity\u00a0<\/strong>space between the visceral and parietal pleurae<\/p>\n

pleural fluid\u00a0<\/strong>substance that acts as a lubricant for the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura during the movement of breathing<\/p>\n

pulmonary artery\u00a0<\/strong>artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated, arterial blood to the alveoli<\/p>\n

pulmonary plexus\u00a0<\/strong>network of autonomic nervous system fibers found near the hilum of the lung<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

pulmonary surfactant\u00a0<\/strong>substance composed of phospholipids and proteins that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli; made by type II alveolar cells<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

respiratory bronchiole\u00a0<\/strong>specific type of bronchiole that leads to alveolar sacs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

respiratory epithelium\u00a0<\/strong>ciliated lining of much of the conducting zone that is specialized to remove debris and pathogens, and produce mucus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

respiratory membrane\u00a0<\/strong>alveolar and capillary wall together, which form an air-blood barrier that facilitates the simple diffusion of gases<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

respiratory zone\u00a0<\/strong>includes structures of the respiratory system that are directly involved in gas exchange<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

root\u00a0<\/strong>region of the external nose between the eyebrows<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

thyroid cartilage\u00a0<\/strong>largest piece of cartilage that makes up the larynx and consists of two lamina<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

trachea\u00a0<\/strong>tube composed of cartilaginous rings and supporting tissue that connects the lung bronchi and the larynx; provides a route for air to enter and exit the lung<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

trachealis muscle\u00a0<\/strong>smooth muscle located in the fibroelastic membrane of the trachea<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

true vocal cord\u00a0<\/strong>one of the pair of folded, white membranes that have a free inner edge that oscillates as air passes through to produce sound<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

type I alveolar cell\u00a0<\/strong>squamous epithelial cells that are the major cell type in the alveolar wall; highly permeable to gases<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

type II alveolar cell\u00a0<\/strong>cuboidal epithelial cells that are the minor cell type in the alveolar wall; secrete pulmonary surfactant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

vestibular fold\u00a0<\/strong>part of the folded region of the glottis composed of mucous membrane; supports the epiglottis during swallowing<\/p>\n

visceral pleura\u00a0<\/strong>innermost layer of the pleura that is superficial to the lungs and extends into the lung fissures<\/p>\n

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<\/h3>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t
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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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