{"id":5670,"date":"2018-01-02T20:37:11","date_gmt":"2018-01-02T20:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-microeconomics\/back-matter\/references\/"},"modified":"2018-01-02T20:37:11","modified_gmt":"2018-01-02T20:37:11","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-microeconomics\/back-matter\/references\/","title":{"raw":"References","rendered":"References"},"content":{"raw":"

References<\/h1>\n
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Welcome to Economics!<\/div>\n
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What Economics Is and Why It's Important*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nWilliamson, Lisa. \u201cUS Labor Market in 2012.\u201d\u00a0Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/em>. Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/03\/art1full.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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How Economies Can Be Organized: An Overview of Economic Systems*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nThe Heritage Foundation. \u201c2013 Index of Economic Freedom, Country Rankings.\u201d http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/ranking.\n\nGarling, Caleb. \u201cS.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media,\u201d\u00a0The San Francisco Chronicle<\/em>. July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/article\/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php.\n\nIrvine, Jessica. \u201cSocial Networking Sites are Factories of Modern Ideas.\u201d\u00a0The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em>. November 25, 2011.http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/federal-politics\/society-and-culture\/social-networking-sites-are-factories-of-modern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME.\n\nTwitter. Twitter Statistics. Accessed July 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/twitter-statistics\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Choice in a World of Scarcity<\/div>\n
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Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nSmith, Adam. \u201cOf Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries.\u201d In\u00a0The Wealth of Nations<\/em>. London: Methuen & Co., 1904, first pub 1776), I.V. 2.9.\n\nSmith, Adam. \u201cOf the Propriety of Action.\u201d In\u00a0The Theory of Moral Sentiments<\/em>. London: A. Millar, 1759, 1.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply<\/div>\n
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Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCostanza, Robert, and Lisa Wainger. \u201cNo Accounting For Nature: How Conventional Economics Distorts the Value of Things.\u201d\u00a0The Washington Post<\/em>. September 2, 1990.\n\nRadford, R. A. \u201cThe Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp.\u201d\u00a0Economica<\/em>. no. 48 (1945): 189-201. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2550133.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nLandsburg, Steven E.\u00a0The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life<\/em>. New York: The Free Press. 2012. specifically Section IV: How Markets Work.\n\nWessel, David. \u201cSaudi Arabia Fears $40-a-Barrel Oil, Too.\u201d\u00a0The Wall Street Journal<\/em>. May 27, 2004, p. 42. http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB108561000087822300.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nPew Research Center. \u201cPew Research: Center for the People & the Press.\u201d http:\/\/www.people-press.org\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Labor and Financial Markets<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nNational Center for Educational Statistics. \u201cDigest of Education Statistics.\u201d (2008 and 2010). Accessed December 11, 2013. nces.ed.gov.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Demand and Supply in Financial Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCreditCards.com. 2013. http:\/\/www.creditcards.com\/credit-card-news\/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debt-statistics-1276.php.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Elasticity<\/div>\n
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Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nAbkowitz, A. \u201cHow Netflix got started: Netflix founder and CEO Reed Hastings tells Fortune how he got the idea for the DVD-by-mail service that now has more than eight million customers.\u201d\u00a0CNN Money<\/em>. Last Modified January 28, 2009. http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2009\/01\/27\/news\/newsmakers\/hastings_netflix.fortune\/.\n\nAssociated Press (a). \u201dAnalyst: Coinstar gains from Netflix pricing moves.\u201d\u00a0Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/www.boston.com\/business\/articles\/2011\/10\/12\/analyst_coinstar_gains_from_netflix_pricing_moves\/.\n\nAssociated Press (b). \u201cNetflix loses 800,000 US subscribers in tough 3Q.\u201d\u00a0ABC Inc<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/abclocal.go.com\/wpvi\/story?section=news\/business&id=8403368\n\nLaporte, Nicole. \u201cA tale of two Netflix.\u201d\u00a0Fast Company<\/em>\u00a0177 (July 2013) 31-32. Accessed December 3 2013. http:\/\/www.fastcompany-digital.com\/fastcompany\/20130708?pg=33#pg33\n\nLiedtke, Michael, The Associated Press. \u201cInvestors bash Netflix stock after slower growth forecast - fee hikes expected to take toll on subscribers most likely to shun costly bundled Net, DVD service.\u201d\u00a0The Seattle Times<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013 from NewsBank on-line database (Access World News).\n\nSavitz, Eric. \u201cNetflix Warns DVD Subs Eroding; Q4 View Weak; Losses Ahead; Shrs Plunge.\u201d\u00a0Forbes.com<\/em>, 2011. Accessed December 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/ericsavitz\/2011\/10\/24\/netflix-q3-top-ests-but-shares-hit-by-weak-q4-outlook\/.\n\nStone, Marcie. \u201cNetflix responds to customers angry with price hike; Netflix stock falls 9%.\u201d\u00a0News & Politics Examiner<\/em>, 2011. Clarity Digital Group. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/www.examiner.com\/article\/netflix-responds-to-customers-angry-with-price-hike-netflix-stock-falls-9.\n\nWeinman, J. (2012). Die hard, hardly dying. Maclean's, 125(18), 44.\n\nYahoo Finance. Retrieved from http:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/q?s=NFLX\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Consumer Choices<\/div>\n
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Consumption Choices*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nBureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cConsumer Expenditures in 2011.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cex\/csxann11.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Intertemporal Choices in Financial Capital Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nHolden, Sarah, and Daniel Schrass. 2012. \u201cThe rose of IRAs in U.S Households\u2019 Saving for Retirement, 2012.\u201d\u00a0ICI Research Perspective<\/em>\u00a018.8 (2012). http:\/\/www.ici.org\/pdf\/per18-08.pdf.\n\nUNESCO Institute for Statistics. \u201cStatistics in Brief \/ Profiles\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/stats.uis.unesco.org\/unesco\/TableViewer\/document.aspx?ReportId=121 &IF_Language=en&BR_Country=5580.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Cost and Industry Structure<\/div>\n
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Explicit and Implicit Costs, and Accounting and Economic Profit*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\n2010 U.S. Census. www.census.gov.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Perfect Competition<\/div>\n
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Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nKnutson, J. \u201cWheat on the Defensive in the Northern Plains.\u201d\u00a0Agweek, Associated Press State Wire: North Dakota (ND)<\/em>. April 14, 2013.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Monopoly<\/div>\n
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How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nAboukhadijeh, Feross. \u201cChapter 20: Girding for War - The North and the South, 1861-1865.\u201d\u00a0StudyNotes, Inc<\/em>. Accessed July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.apstudynotes.org\/us-history\/outlines\/chapter-20-girding-for-war-the-north-and-the-south-1861-1865\/.\n\nBritish Parliament. \u201c(28 August 1833). Slavery Abolition Act 1833; Section LXIV.\u201d Accessed July 2013. http:\/\/www.pdavis.nl\/Legis_07.htm.\n\nDattel, E. (nd). \"Cotton and the Civil War.\"\u00a0Mississippi Historical Society<\/em>. Accessed July 2013. http:\/\/mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us\/articles\/291\/cotton-and-the-civil-war.\n\nMassachusetts Historical Society. \u201cThe Coming of the American Revolution 1764-1776: The Boston Tea Party.\u201d Retrieved from http:\/\/www.masshist.org\/revolution\/teaparty.php.\n\nMassachusetts Historical Society. \u201cWhereas our Nation.\u201d\u00a0The Massachusetts Gazette<\/em>, p. 2. Accessed July 2013 http:\/\/www.masshist.org\/revolution\/image-viewer.php?old=1&item_id=457&img_step=1&nmask=1&mode=large.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly<\/div>\n
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Monopolistic Competition*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nKantar Media. \u201cOur Insights: Infographic\u2014U.S. Advertising Year End Trends Report 2012.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/kantarmediana.com\/insight-center\/insight-briefs\/infographic-us-advertising-year-end-trends-report-2012.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Oligopoly*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nThe United States Department of Justice. \u201cAntitrust Division.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/atr\/.\n\nFederal Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the Federal Trade Commission.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/ftc\/about.shtm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Monopoly and Antitrust Policy<\/div>\n
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The Great Deregulation Experiment*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCatan, T., & Dezember, R. \u201cKinder-El Paso Merger to Face Antitrust Scrutiny,\u201d\u00a0Wall Street Journal<\/em>. October 19, 2011.\n\nCollins, A. \u201cTallgrass Energy to Acquire Kinder Morgan Assets for $1.8B.\u201d\u00a0The Middle Market<\/em>, Accessed August 2013http:\/\/www.themiddlemarket.com\/news\/tallgrass-energy-to-acquire-kinder-morgan-assets-for-1-point-8-billion-232862-1.html.\n\nConoco Phillips. \u201cWhy Natural Gas.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.powerincooperation.com\/en\/pages\/useful.html?gclid=COXg7rH3hrgCFWlp7AodtkgA3g.\n\nDe la Merced, M. (2012, August 20). \u201cKinder Morgan to Sell Assets to Tallgrass for $1.8 Billion.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>. August 20, 2012.\n\nKahn, C. \u201cKinder Morgan to Buy El Paso Corp. for $20.7B.\u201d\u00a0USA Today<\/em>. October 17, 2011.\n\nKinder Morgan. (2013). \u201cInvestor Information.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.kindermorgan.com\/investor\/.\n\nU.S. Energy Information Administration (a). \u201cNatural Gas Consumption by End User.\u201d Accessed May 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/dnav\/ng\/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm.\n\nU.S. Energy Information Administration (b). \u201cNatural Gas Prices.\u201d Accessed June 28, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/dnav\/ng\/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities<\/div>\n
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The Economics of Pollution*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nJohnson, Oscar William. \u201cBack on Track: Earth Day Success Story; The Chattanooga Choo-Choo No Longer Spews Foul Air.\u201d\u00a0Sports Illustrated<\/em>. April 30, 1990. http:\/\/sportsillustrated.cnn.com\/vault\/article\/magazine\/MAG1136920\/.\n\nU.S. Energy Information Administration. \u201cTotal Energy: Monthly Energy Review.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Department of Energy<\/em>. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/totalenergy\/data\/monthly\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Market-Oriented Environmental Tools*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nEnvironmental Protection Agency. \u201c2006 Pay-As-You-Throw Programs.\u201d Accessed December 20, 2013. http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/epawaste\/conserve\/tools\/payt\/states\/06comm.htm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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International Environmental Issues*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nEuropean Union. \u201cDurban Conference Delivers Breakthrough for Climate.\u201d Press release. December 11, 2012. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_MEMO-11-895_en.htm?locale=en.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Positive Externalitites and Public Goods<\/div>\n
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Why the Private Sector Under Invests in Innovation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nArias, Omar and Walter W. McMahon. \u201cDynamic Rates of Return to Education in the U.S.\u201d\u00a0Economics of Education Review<\/em>. 20, 2001. 121\u2013138.\n\nHyclak, Thomas, Geraint Johnes, and Robert Thornton.\u00a0Fundamentals of Labor Economics.<\/em>\u00a0Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.\n\nMcMahon, Walter.\u00a0Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits.<\/em>\u00a0Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.\n\nPsacharopoulos, George. \u201cReturns to Investment in Education: A Global Update.\u201d\u00a0World Development<\/em>\u00a022, 1994. 1325\u20131343.\n\nSalientes-Narisma, Corrie. \u201cSamsung Shift to Innovative Devices Pay Off.\u201d\u00a0Inquirer Technology<\/em>. Accessed May 15, 2013. http:\/\/technology.inquirer.net\/23831\/samsungs-shift-to-innovative-devices-pays-off.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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How Governments Can Encourage Innovation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nUnited States Department of the Treasury. \u201cResearch and Experimentation Tax Credit.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/news\/Pages\/investing-in-us-competitiveness.aspx.\n\nThe United States Patent and Trademark Office. \u201cPatents.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/patents\/index.jsp.\n\nUnited for Medical Research. \u201cProfiles of Prosperity: How NIH-Supported Research Is Fueling Private Sector Growth and Innovation.\u201d Introduction. Accessed January 2014. http:\/\/www.unitedformedicalresearch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/UMR_ProsperityReport_071913a.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Public Goods*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCowen, Tyler.\u00a0Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation<\/em>. Dutton Adult, 2013.\n\nHardin, Garret. \u201cThe Tragedy of the Commons.\u201d\u00a0Science<\/em>\u00a0162 (3859): 1243\u201348 (1968).\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Poverty and Economic Inequality<\/div>\n
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Drawing the Poverty Line*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nFederal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States Government. \u201cState Median Income Estimates for a Four-Person Household: Notice of the Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2013 State Median Income Estimates for Use Under the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP).\u201d Last modified March 15, 2012. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/articles\/2012\/03\/15\/2012-6220\/state-median-income-estimates-for-a-four-person-household-notice-of-the-federal-fiscal-year-ffy-2013#t-1.\n\nOrshansky, Mollie. \u201cChildren of the Poor.\u201d\u00a0Social Security Bulletin<\/em>. 26 no. 7 (1963): 3\u201313. http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/policy\/docs\/ssb\/v26n7\/v26n7p3.pdf.\n\nThe World Bank. \u201cData: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $1.25 a Day (PPP) (% of Population).\u201d http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.DDAY.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cAmerican FactFinder.\u201d http:\/\/factfinder2.census.gov\/faces\/nav\/jsf\/pages\/index.xhtml.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cCurrent Population Survey (CPS): CPS Table Creator.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/cps\/data\/cpstablecreator.html.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table F-6. Regions\u2014Families (All Races) by Median and Mean Income.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/families\/.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cPoverty: Poverty Thresholds.\u201d Last modified 2012. http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/data\/threshld\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The Safety Net*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCongressional Budget Office. \u201cAn Overview of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.\u201d Last modified April 19, 2012. http:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/43175.\n\nFalk, Gene. Congressional Research Service. \u201cThe Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions.\u201d Last modified October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL32760.pdf.\n\nLibrary of Congress. \u201cCongressional Research Service.\u201d http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/crsinfo\/about\/.\n\nOffice of Management and Budget. \u201cFiscal Year 2013 Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government.\u201d http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/budget\/fy2013\/assets\/hist.pdf.\n\nTax Policy Center: Urban Institute and Brookings Institution. \u201cThe Tax Policy Briefing Book: Taxation and the Family: What is the Earned Income Tax Credit?\u201d http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/family\/eitc.cfm.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Income Inequality: Measurement and Causes*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nFrank, Robert H., and Philip J. Cook.\u00a0The Winner-Take-All Society<\/em>. New York: Martin Kessler Books at The Free Press, 1995.\n\nInstitute of Education Sciences: National Center for Education Statistics. \u201cFast Facts: Degrees Conferred by Sex and Race.\u201d http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=72.\n\nNhan, Doris. \u201cCensus: More in U.S. Report Nontraditional Households.\u201d\u00a0National Journal<\/em>. Last modified May 1, 2012. http:\/\/www.nationaljournal.com\/thenextamerica\/demographics\/census-more-in-u-s-report-nontraditional-households-20120430.\n\nU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: BLS Reports. \u201cReport 1040: Women in the Labor Force: A Databook.\u201d Last modified March 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/wlf-databook-2012.pdf.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table H-2. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/household\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cResearch Resources: Survey of Consumer Finances.\u201d Last modified December 13, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econresdata\/scf\/scfindex.htm.\n\nCongressional Budget Office. \u201cThe Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2008 and 2009.\u201d Last modified July 10, 2012. http:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/43373.\n\nHuang, Chye-Ching, and Nathaniel Frentz. \u201cMyths and Realities About the Estate Tax.\u201d\u00a0Center on Budget and Policy Priorities<\/em>. Last modified August 29, 2013. http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/files\/estatetaxmyths.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Issues in Labor Markets: Unions, Discrimination, Immigration<\/div>\n
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Unions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nAFL-CIO. \u201cTraining and Apprenticeships.\u201d http:\/\/www.aflcio.org\/Learn-About-Unions\/Training-and-Apprenticeships.\n\nCentral Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/.\n\nClark, John Bates.\u00a0Essentials of Economic Theory: As Applied to Modern Problems of Industry and Public Policy<\/em>. New York: A. M. Kelley, 1907, 501.\n\nUnited Auto Workers (UAW). \u201cAbout: Who We Are.\u201d http:\/\/www.uaw.org\/page\/who-we-are.\n\nUnited States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cEconomic News Release: Union Members Summary.\u201d Last modified January 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/union2.nr0.htm.\n\nUnited States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cNews Release: Job Openings and Labor Turnover\u2014October 2013.\u201d Last modified December 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/jolts.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Employment Discrimination*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nAnderson, Deborah J., Melissa Binder, and Kate Krause. \u201cThe Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work-Schedule Flexibility.\u201d\u00a0Industrial and Labor Relations Review<\/em>. no. 2 (2003): 273\u2013294. http:\/\/www2.econ.iastate.edu\/classes\/econ321\/orazem\/anderson_motherhood-penalty.pdf.\n\nTurner, Margery Austin, Rob Santos, Diane K. Levy, Doug Wissoker, Claudia Aranda, Rob Pitingolo, and The Urban Institute. \u201cHousing Discrimination Against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/em>. Last modified June 2013. http:\/\/www.huduser.org\/Publications\/pdf\/HUD-514_HDS2012.pdf.\n\nAustin, Algernon. \u201cThe Unfinished March: An Overview.\u201d\u00a0Economic Policy Institute<\/em>. Last modified June 18, 2013. http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/unfinished-march-overview\/.\n\nBertrand, Marianne, and Sendhil Mullainathan. \u201cAre Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.\u201d\u00a0American Economic Review<\/em>. no. 4 (2004): 991-1013. https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles.php?doi=10.1257\/0002828042002561&fnd=s.\n\nBlau, Francine D., and Laurence M. Kahn. \u201cThe Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone as Far as They Can?\u201d\u00a0Academy of Management Perspectives<\/em>. no. 1 (2007): 7\u201323. 10.5465\/AMP.2007.24286161.\n\nCard, David, and Alan B. Kruger. \u201cTrends in Relative Black\u2013White Earnings Revisited (Working Paper #310).\u201d\u00a0Princeton University and the National Bureau of Economic Research<\/em>. December 1992. http:\/\/www.stanford.edu\/group\/scspi\/_media\/pdf\/Classic_Media\/Card%20and%20Krueger_1993_Race%20and%20Ethnicity.pdf.\n\nDonovan, Theresa. Jurist. \u201cFederal Judge Rejects Class Status in Wal-Mart Discrimination Suit.\u201d Last modified August 5, 2013. http:\/\/jurist.org\/paperchase\/2013\/08\/federal-judge-rejects-class-status-in-wal-mart-discrimination-suit.php.\n\nHarris, Elizabeth A. \u201cLabor Panel Finds Illegal Punishments at Walmart.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>, November 18, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/19\/business\/labor-panel-finds-illegal-punishments-at-walmart.html?_r=1&.\n\nKolesnikova, Natalia A., and Yang Liu. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: The Regional Economist. \u201cGender Wage Gap May Be Much Smaller Than Most Think.\u201d Last modified October 2011.http:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/re\/articles\/?id=2160.\n\nPodmolik, Mary Ellen. \u201cHUD Finds Housing Discrimination \u2018Hidden\u2019 But Prevalent.\u201d\u00a0Chicago Tribune: Business<\/em>, June 12, 2013. http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/2013-06-12\/business\/ct-biz-0612-housing-discrimination-20130612_1_renters-testers-chicago-area.\n\nSpreen, Thomas Luke. United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cRecent College Graduates in the U.S. Labor Force: Data from the Current Population Survey.\u201d\u00a0Monthly Labor Review<\/em>\u00a0(February, 2013). http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/02\/art1full.pdf .\n\nU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: BLS Reports. \u201cWomen in the Labor Force: A Databook (Report 1040).\u201d Last modified February 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/wlf-databook-2012.pdf.\n\nU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, \u201cWalmart to Pay More than $11.7 Million to Settle EEOC Sex Discrimination Suit.\u201d Last modified March 1, 2010. http:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/eeoc\/newsroom\/release\/3-1-10.cfm.\n\nUnited States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cNews Release: Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers (Third Quarter 2013).\u201d November 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/wkyeng.pdf.\n\nWeinberger, Catherine J., and Lois Joy. \u201cThe Relative Earnings of Black College Graduates, 1980\u20132001.\u201d In\u00a0Race and Economic Opportunity in the 21st Century<\/em>, edited by Marlene Kim. New York: Routledge, 2007. http:\/\/www.econ.ucsb.edu\/~weinberg\/grads.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Immigration*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nClune, Michael S. \u201cThe Fiscal Impacts of Immigrants: A California Case Study.\u201d In\u00a0The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration<\/em>, edited by James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998, 120\u2013182. http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/openbook.php?record_id=5985&page=120.\n\nSmith, James P. \u201cImmigration Reform.\u201d\u00a0Rand Corporation: Rand Review<\/em>. http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/periodicals\/rand-review\/issues\/2012\/fall\/leadership\/immigration-reform.html.\n\nU.S. Department of Homeland Security: Office of Immigration Statistics. \u201c2011 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.\u201d September 2012. http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/immigration-statistics\/yearbook\/2011\/ois_yb_2011.pdf.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Information, Risk, and Insurance<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nConsumer Reports. \u201cConsumer Reports.org.\u201d http:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/cro\/index.htm.\n\nFederal Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the Federal Trade Commission.\u201d Last modified October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/ftc\/about.shtm.\n\nKahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky. \u201cProspect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.\u201d\u00a0Econometrica<\/em>. 47, no. 2 (1979): 263-291. http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~kahneman\/docs\/Publications\/prospect_theory.pdf.\n\nRasmussen Reports, LLC. \u201cRasmussen Reports.\u201d http:\/\/www.rasmussenreports.com\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Insurance and Imperfect Information*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nCentral Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/.\n\nNational Association of Insurance Commissioners. \u201cNational Association of Insurance Commissioners & The Center for Insurance Policy and Research.\u201d http:\/\/www.naic.org\/.\n\nOECD. \u201cThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).\u201d http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/about\/.\n\nThaler, Richard H., and Sendhil Mullainathan. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Behavioral Economics.\u201d\u00a0Library of Economics and Liberty<\/em>. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/BehavioralEconomics.html.\n\nThe Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. \u201cHealth Reform: Summary of the Affordable care Act.\u201d Last modified April 25, 2013. http:\/\/kff.org\/health-reform\/fact-sheet\/summary-of-new-health-reform-law\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Financial Markets<\/div>\n
\n
\n
How Businesses Raise Financial Capital*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nNational Venture Capital Association. \u201cRecent Stats & Studies.\u201d http:\/\/www.nvca.org\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=344&Itemid=103Update.\n\nFormer, Jamie D. \u201cShould Your Small Business Go Public? Consider the Benefits and Risks of Becoming a Publicly Traded Company.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Small Business Administration: Community Blog (blog)<\/em>. Publication date March 23, 2010. http:\/\/www.sba.gov\/community\/blogs\/community-blogs\/business-law-advisor\/should-your-small-business-go-public-consider-0.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
How Households Supply Financial Capital*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nHowley, Kathleen M. Bloomberg. \u201cHome Value Highest Since \u201907 as U.S. Houses Make Cash.\u201d Last modified March 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2013-03-26\/home-value-highest-since-07-as-u-s-houses-make-cash-mortgages.html.\n\nRooney, Ben. \u201cTrading Program Sparked May \u2018Flash Crash\u2019.\u201d\u00a0CNN Money<\/em>. Last modified October 1, 2010. http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/10\/01\/markets\/SEC_CFTC_flash_crash\/index.htm.\n\nInvestment Company Institute. \u201c2013 Investment Company Fact Book, Chapter 6: Characteristics of Mutual Fund Owners.\u201d http:\/\/icifactbook.org\/fb_ch6.html.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
How to Accumulate Personal Wealth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table H-13. Educational Attainment of Householder\u2014Households with Householder 25 Years Old and Over by Median and Mean Income.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/household\/.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Public Choice<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Voter Participation and Costs of Elections*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nOlson, Mancur.\u00a0The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups<\/em>, (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1965).\n\nDowns, Anthony.\u00a0An Economic Theory of Democracy<\/em>. New York: Harper, 1957.\n\nSkinner, B.F.\u00a0Walden Two<\/em>. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1948.\n\nAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). \u201cDefending the Freedom to Vote.\u201d https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/defending-freedom-vote.\n\nThe New York Times. \u201cThe 2012 Money Race: Compare the Candidates.\u201d http:\/\/elections.nytimes.com\/2012\/campaign-finance.\n\nThe Washington Post. \u201cExit Polls 2012: Where Americans Stood this Election.\u201d Last modified November 7, 2012. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/special\/politics\/2012-exit-polls\/national-breakdown\/.\n\nCornell University Law School: Legal Information Institute. \u201cCitizens United v. Federal Election Committee (No. 08-205).\u201d Last modified January 21, 2010. http:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/08-205.ZS.html.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cVoting and Registration: Historical Time Series Tables; Table A-9: Reported Voting Rates in Presidential Election Years, by Selected Characteristics: November 1964 to 2012.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/socdemo\/voting\/publications\/historical\/index.html\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Special Interest Politics*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nRoper Center Public Opinion Archives. \u201cA Brief History of Public Opinion on the Government\u2019s Role in Providing Health Care.\u201d Last modified September 23, 2013.\n\nU.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cVoting and Registration: Historical Time Series Tables; Table A-10: Reported Registration Rates in Presidential Election Years, by Selected Characteristics: November 1968 to 2012.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/socdemo\/voting\/publications\/historical\/index.html\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Flaws in the Democratic System of Government*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n\nNixon, Ron. \u201cAmerican Candy Makers. Pinched by Inflated Sugar Prices. Look Abroad.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>. Last modified October 30, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/31\/us\/american-candy-makers-pinched-by-inflated-sugar-prices-look-abroad.html?_r=0.\n\nHufbauer, Gary Clyde, and Sean Lowry. \u201cU.S. Tire Tariffs: Saving Few Jobs at High Cost (Policy Brief 12-9).\u201d\u00a0Peterson Institute for International Economics<\/em>. Last modified April 2012.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"

References<\/h1>\n
\n
Welcome to Economics!<\/div>\n
\n
\n
What Economics Is and Why It’s Important*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Williamson, Lisa. \u201cUS Labor Market in 2012.\u201d\u00a0Bureau of Labor Statistics<\/em>. Accessed December 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/03\/art1full.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Economies Can Be Organized: An Overview of Economic Systems*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

The Heritage Foundation. \u201c2013 Index of Economic Freedom, Country Rankings.\u201d http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/ranking.<\/p>\n

Garling, Caleb. \u201cS.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media,\u201d\u00a0The San Francisco Chronicle<\/em>. July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/news\/article\/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php.<\/p>\n

Irvine, Jessica. \u201cSocial Networking Sites are Factories of Modern Ideas.\u201d\u00a0The Sydney Morning Herald<\/em>. November 25, 2011.http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/federal-politics\/society-and-culture\/social-networking-sites-are-factories-of-modern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME.<\/p>\n

Twitter. Twitter Statistics. Accessed July 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.statisticbrain.com\/twitter-statistics\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Choice in a World of Scarcity<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Smith, Adam. \u201cOf Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries.\u201d In\u00a0The Wealth of Nations<\/em>. London: Methuen & Co., 1904, first pub 1776), I.V. 2.9.<\/p>\n

Smith, Adam. \u201cOf the Propriety of Action.\u201d In\u00a0The Theory of Moral Sentiments<\/em>. London: A. Millar, 1759, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Demand and Supply<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Costanza, Robert, and Lisa Wainger. \u201cNo Accounting For Nature: How Conventional Economics Distorts the Value of Things.\u201d\u00a0The Washington Post<\/em>. September 2, 1990.<\/p>\n

Radford, R. A. \u201cThe Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp.\u201d\u00a0Economica<\/em>. no. 48 (1945): 189-201. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2550133.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Landsburg, Steven E.\u00a0The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life<\/em>. New York: The Free Press. 2012. specifically Section IV: How Markets Work.<\/p>\n

Wessel, David. \u201cSaudi Arabia Fears $40-a-Barrel Oil, Too.\u201d\u00a0The Wall Street Journal<\/em>. May 27, 2004, p. 42. http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/news\/articles\/SB108561000087822300.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Pew Research Center. \u201cPew Research: Center for the People & the Press.\u201d http:\/\/www.people-press.org\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Labor and Financial Markets<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

National Center for Educational Statistics. \u201cDigest of Education Statistics.\u201d (2008 and 2010). Accessed December 11, 2013. nces.ed.gov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Demand and Supply in Financial Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

CreditCards.com. 2013. http:\/\/www.creditcards.com\/credit-card-news\/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debt-statistics-1276.php.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Elasticity<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Abkowitz, A. \u201cHow Netflix got started: Netflix founder and CEO Reed Hastings tells Fortune how he got the idea for the DVD-by-mail service that now has more than eight million customers.\u201d\u00a0CNN Money<\/em>. Last Modified January 28, 2009. http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2009\/01\/27\/news\/newsmakers\/hastings_netflix.fortune\/.<\/p>\n

Associated Press (a). \u201dAnalyst: Coinstar gains from Netflix pricing moves.\u201d\u00a0Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/www.boston.com\/business\/articles\/2011\/10\/12\/analyst_coinstar_gains_from_netflix_pricing_moves\/.<\/p>\n

Associated Press (b). \u201cNetflix loses 800,000 US subscribers in tough 3Q.\u201d\u00a0ABC Inc<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/abclocal.go.com\/wpvi\/story?section=news\/business&id=8403368<\/p>\n

Laporte, Nicole. \u201cA tale of two Netflix.\u201d\u00a0Fast Company<\/em>\u00a0177 (July 2013) 31-32. Accessed December 3 2013. http:\/\/www.fastcompany-digital.com\/fastcompany\/20130708?pg=33#pg33<\/p>\n

Liedtke, Michael, The Associated Press. \u201cInvestors bash Netflix stock after slower growth forecast – fee hikes expected to take toll on subscribers most likely to shun costly bundled Net, DVD service.\u201d\u00a0The Seattle Times<\/em>. Accessed June 24, 2013 from NewsBank on-line database (Access World News).<\/p>\n

Savitz, Eric. \u201cNetflix Warns DVD Subs Eroding; Q4 View Weak; Losses Ahead; Shrs Plunge.\u201d\u00a0Forbes.com<\/em>, 2011. Accessed December 3, 2013. http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/ericsavitz\/2011\/10\/24\/netflix-q3-top-ests-but-shares-hit-by-weak-q4-outlook\/.<\/p>\n

Stone, Marcie. \u201cNetflix responds to customers angry with price hike; Netflix stock falls 9%.\u201d\u00a0News & Politics Examiner<\/em>, 2011. Clarity Digital Group. Accessed June 24, 2013. http:\/\/www.examiner.com\/article\/netflix-responds-to-customers-angry-with-price-hike-netflix-stock-falls-9.<\/p>\n

Weinman, J. (2012). Die hard, hardly dying. Maclean’s, 125(18), 44.<\/p>\n

Yahoo Finance. Retrieved from http:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/q?s=NFLX<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Consumer Choices<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Consumption Choices*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cConsumer Expenditures in 2011.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cex\/csxann11.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Intertemporal Choices in Financial Capital Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Holden, Sarah, and Daniel Schrass. 2012. \u201cThe rose of IRAs in U.S Households\u2019 Saving for Retirement, 2012.\u201d\u00a0ICI Research Perspective<\/em>\u00a018.8 (2012). http:\/\/www.ici.org\/pdf\/per18-08.pdf.<\/p>\n

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. \u201cStatistics in Brief \/ Profiles\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/stats.uis.unesco.org\/unesco\/TableViewer\/document.aspx?ReportId=121 &IF_Language=en&BR_Country=5580.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Cost and Industry Structure<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Explicit and Implicit Costs, and Accounting and Economic Profit*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

2010 U.S. Census. www.census.gov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Perfect Competition<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Knutson, J. \u201cWheat on the Defensive in the Northern Plains.\u201d\u00a0Agweek, Associated Press State Wire: North Dakota (ND)<\/em>. April 14, 2013.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Monopoly<\/div>\n
\n
\n
How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Aboukhadijeh, Feross. \u201cChapter 20: Girding for War – The North and the South, 1861-1865.\u201d\u00a0StudyNotes, Inc<\/em>. Accessed July 7, 2013. http:\/\/www.apstudynotes.org\/us-history\/outlines\/chapter-20-girding-for-war-the-north-and-the-south-1861-1865\/.<\/p>\n

British Parliament. \u201c(28 August 1833). Slavery Abolition Act 1833; Section LXIV.\u201d Accessed July 2013. http:\/\/www.pdavis.nl\/Legis_07.htm.<\/p>\n

Dattel, E. (nd). “Cotton and the Civil War.”\u00a0Mississippi Historical Society<\/em>. Accessed July 2013. http:\/\/mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us\/articles\/291\/cotton-and-the-civil-war.<\/p>\n

Massachusetts Historical Society. \u201cThe Coming of the American Revolution 1764-1776: The Boston Tea Party.\u201d Retrieved from http:\/\/www.masshist.org\/revolution\/teaparty.php.<\/p>\n

Massachusetts Historical Society. \u201cWhereas our Nation.\u201d\u00a0The Massachusetts Gazette<\/em>, p. 2. Accessed July 2013 http:\/\/www.masshist.org\/revolution\/image-viewer.php?old=1&item_id=457&img_step=1&nmask=1&mode=large.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Monopolistic Competition*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Kantar Media. \u201cOur Insights: Infographic\u2014U.S. Advertising Year End Trends Report 2012.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/kantarmediana.com\/insight-center\/insight-briefs\/infographic-us-advertising-year-end-trends-report-2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Oligopoly*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

The United States Department of Justice. \u201cAntitrust Division.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.justice.gov\/atr\/.<\/p>\n

Federal Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the Federal Trade Commission.\u201d Accessed October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/ftc\/about.shtm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Monopoly and Antitrust Policy<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Great Deregulation Experiment*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Catan, T., & Dezember, R. \u201cKinder-El Paso Merger to Face Antitrust Scrutiny,\u201d\u00a0Wall Street Journal<\/em>. October 19, 2011.<\/p>\n

Collins, A. \u201cTallgrass Energy to Acquire Kinder Morgan Assets for $1.8B.\u201d\u00a0The Middle Market<\/em>, Accessed August 2013http:\/\/www.themiddlemarket.com\/news\/tallgrass-energy-to-acquire-kinder-morgan-assets-for-1-point-8-billion-232862-1.html.<\/p>\n

Conoco Phillips. \u201cWhy Natural Gas.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.powerincooperation.com\/en\/pages\/useful.html?gclid=COXg7rH3hrgCFWlp7AodtkgA3g.<\/p>\n

De la Merced, M. (2012, August 20). \u201cKinder Morgan to Sell Assets to Tallgrass for $1.8 Billion.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>. August 20, 2012.<\/p>\n

Kahn, C. \u201cKinder Morgan to Buy El Paso Corp. for $20.7B.\u201d\u00a0USA Today<\/em>. October 17, 2011.<\/p>\n

Kinder Morgan. (2013). \u201cInvestor Information.\u201d Accessed August 2013. http:\/\/www.kindermorgan.com\/investor\/.<\/p>\n

U.S. Energy Information Administration (a). \u201cNatural Gas Consumption by End User.\u201d Accessed May 31, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/dnav\/ng\/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm.<\/p>\n

U.S. Energy Information Administration (b). \u201cNatural Gas Prices.\u201d Accessed June 28, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/dnav\/ng\/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Economics of Pollution*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Johnson, Oscar William. \u201cBack on Track: Earth Day Success Story; The Chattanooga Choo-Choo No Longer Spews Foul Air.\u201d\u00a0Sports Illustrated<\/em>. April 30, 1990. http:\/\/sportsillustrated.cnn.com\/vault\/article\/magazine\/MAG1136920\/.<\/p>\n

U.S. Energy Information Administration. \u201cTotal Energy: Monthly Energy Review.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Department of Energy<\/em>. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/totalenergy\/data\/monthly\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Market-Oriented Environmental Tools*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Environmental Protection Agency. \u201c2006 Pay-As-You-Throw Programs.\u201d Accessed December 20, 2013. http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/epawaste\/conserve\/tools\/payt\/states\/06comm.htm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
International Environmental Issues*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

European Union. \u201cDurban Conference Delivers Breakthrough for Climate.\u201d Press release. December 11, 2012. Accessed December 19, 2013. http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/press-release_MEMO-11-895_en.htm?locale=en.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Positive Externalitites and Public Goods<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Why the Private Sector Under Invests in Innovation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Arias, Omar and Walter W. McMahon. \u201cDynamic Rates of Return to Education in the U.S.\u201d\u00a0Economics of Education Review<\/em>. 20, 2001. 121\u2013138.<\/p>\n

Hyclak, Thomas, Geraint Johnes, and Robert Thornton.\u00a0Fundamentals of Labor Economics.<\/em>\u00a0Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.<\/p>\n

McMahon, Walter.\u00a0Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits.<\/em>\u00a0Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n

Psacharopoulos, George. \u201cReturns to Investment in Education: A Global Update.\u201d\u00a0World Development<\/em>\u00a022, 1994. 1325\u20131343.<\/p>\n

Salientes-Narisma, Corrie. \u201cSamsung Shift to Innovative Devices Pay Off.\u201d\u00a0Inquirer Technology<\/em>. Accessed May 15, 2013. http:\/\/technology.inquirer.net\/23831\/samsungs-shift-to-innovative-devices-pays-off.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Governments Can Encourage Innovation*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

United States Department of the Treasury. \u201cResearch and Experimentation Tax Credit.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/news\/Pages\/investing-in-us-competitiveness.aspx.<\/p>\n

The United States Patent and Trademark Office. \u201cPatents.\u201d Accessed November 2013. http:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/patents\/index.jsp.<\/p>\n

United for Medical Research. \u201cProfiles of Prosperity: How NIH-Supported Research Is Fueling Private Sector Growth and Innovation.\u201d Introduction. Accessed January 2014. http:\/\/www.unitedformedicalresearch.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/UMR_ProsperityReport_071913a.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Public Goods*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Cowen, Tyler.\u00a0Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation<\/em>. Dutton Adult, 2013.<\/p>\n

Hardin, Garret. \u201cThe Tragedy of the Commons.\u201d\u00a0Science<\/em>\u00a0162 (3859): 1243\u201348 (1968).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Poverty and Economic Inequality<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Drawing the Poverty Line*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States Government. \u201cState Median Income Estimates for a Four-Person Household: Notice of the Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2013 State Median Income Estimates for Use Under the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP).\u201d Last modified March 15, 2012. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/articles\/2012\/03\/15\/2012-6220\/state-median-income-estimates-for-a-four-person-household-notice-of-the-federal-fiscal-year-ffy-2013#t-1.<\/p>\n

Orshansky, Mollie. \u201cChildren of the Poor.\u201d\u00a0Social Security Bulletin<\/em>. 26 no. 7 (1963): 3\u201313. http:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/policy\/docs\/ssb\/v26n7\/v26n7p3.pdf.<\/p>\n

The World Bank. \u201cData: Poverty Headcount Ratio at $1.25 a Day (PPP) (% of Population).\u201d http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.DDAY.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cAmerican FactFinder.\u201d http:\/\/factfinder2.census.gov\/faces\/nav\/jsf\/pages\/index.xhtml.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cCurrent Population Survey (CPS): CPS Table Creator.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/cps\/data\/cpstablecreator.html.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table F-6. Regions\u2014Families (All Races) by Median and Mean Income.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/families\/.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cPoverty: Poverty Thresholds.\u201d Last modified 2012. http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/poverty\/data\/threshld\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
The Safety Net*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Congressional Budget Office. \u201cAn Overview of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.\u201d Last modified April 19, 2012. http:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/43175.<\/p>\n

Falk, Gene. Congressional Research Service. \u201cThe Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Block Grant: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions.\u201d Last modified October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/misc\/RL32760.pdf.<\/p>\n

Library of Congress. \u201cCongressional Research Service.\u201d http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/crsinfo\/about\/.<\/p>\n

Office of Management and Budget. \u201cFiscal Year 2013 Historical Tables: Budget of the U.S. Government.\u201d http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/omb\/budget\/fy2013\/assets\/hist.pdf.<\/p>\n

Tax Policy Center: Urban Institute and Brookings Institution. \u201cThe Tax Policy Briefing Book: Taxation and the Family: What is the Earned Income Tax Credit?\u201d http:\/\/www.taxpolicycenter.org\/briefing-book\/key-elements\/family\/eitc.cfm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Income Inequality: Measurement and Causes*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Frank, Robert H., and Philip J. Cook.\u00a0The Winner-Take-All Society<\/em>. New York: Martin Kessler Books at The Free Press, 1995.<\/p>\n

Institute of Education Sciences: National Center for Education Statistics. \u201cFast Facts: Degrees Conferred by Sex and Race.\u201d http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=72.<\/p>\n

Nhan, Doris. \u201cCensus: More in U.S. Report Nontraditional Households.\u201d\u00a0National Journal<\/em>. Last modified May 1, 2012. http:\/\/www.nationaljournal.com\/thenextamerica\/demographics\/census-more-in-u-s-report-nontraditional-households-20120430.<\/p>\n

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: BLS Reports. \u201cReport 1040: Women in the Labor Force: A Databook.\u201d Last modified March 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/wlf-databook-2012.pdf.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table H-2. Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth and Top 5 Percent of Households.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/household\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. \u201cResearch Resources: Survey of Consumer Finances.\u201d Last modified December 13, 2013. http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/econresdata\/scf\/scfindex.htm.<\/p>\n

Congressional Budget Office. \u201cThe Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2008 and 2009.\u201d Last modified July 10, 2012. http:\/\/www.cbo.gov\/publication\/43373.<\/p>\n

Huang, Chye-Ching, and Nathaniel Frentz. \u201cMyths and Realities About the Estate Tax.\u201d\u00a0Center on Budget and Policy Priorities<\/em>. Last modified August 29, 2013. http:\/\/www.cbpp.org\/files\/estatetaxmyths.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Issues in Labor Markets: Unions, Discrimination, Immigration<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Unions*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

AFL-CIO. \u201cTraining and Apprenticeships.\u201d http:\/\/www.aflcio.org\/Learn-About-Unions\/Training-and-Apprenticeships.<\/p>\n

Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/.<\/p>\n

Clark, John Bates.\u00a0Essentials of Economic Theory: As Applied to Modern Problems of Industry and Public Policy<\/em>. New York: A. M. Kelley, 1907, 501.<\/p>\n

United Auto Workers (UAW). \u201cAbout: Who We Are.\u201d http:\/\/www.uaw.org\/page\/who-we-are.<\/p>\n

United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cEconomic News Release: Union Members Summary.\u201d Last modified January 23, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/union2.nr0.htm.<\/p>\n

United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cNews Release: Job Openings and Labor Turnover\u2014October 2013.\u201d Last modified December 10, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/jolts.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Employment Discrimination*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Anderson, Deborah J., Melissa Binder, and Kate Krause. \u201cThe Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work-Schedule Flexibility.\u201d\u00a0Industrial and Labor Relations Review<\/em>. no. 2 (2003): 273\u2013294. http:\/\/www2.econ.iastate.edu\/classes\/econ321\/orazem\/anderson_motherhood-penalty.pdf.<\/p>\n

Turner, Margery Austin, Rob Santos, Diane K. Levy, Doug Wissoker, Claudia Aranda, Rob Pitingolo, and The Urban Institute. \u201cHousing Discrimination Against Racial and Ethnic Minorities 2012.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development<\/em>. Last modified June 2013. http:\/\/www.huduser.org\/Publications\/pdf\/HUD-514_HDS2012.pdf.<\/p>\n

Austin, Algernon. \u201cThe Unfinished March: An Overview.\u201d\u00a0Economic Policy Institute<\/em>. Last modified June 18, 2013. http:\/\/www.epi.org\/publication\/unfinished-march-overview\/.<\/p>\n

Bertrand, Marianne, and Sendhil Mullainathan. \u201cAre Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination.\u201d\u00a0American Economic Review<\/em>. no. 4 (2004): 991-1013. https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles.php?doi=10.1257\/0002828042002561&fnd=s.<\/p>\n

Blau, Francine D., and Laurence M. Kahn. \u201cThe Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone as Far as They Can?\u201d\u00a0Academy of Management Perspectives<\/em>. no. 1 (2007): 7\u201323. 10.5465\/AMP.2007.24286161.<\/p>\n

Card, David, and Alan B. Kruger. \u201cTrends in Relative Black\u2013White Earnings Revisited (Working Paper #310).\u201d\u00a0Princeton University and the National Bureau of Economic Research<\/em>. December 1992. http:\/\/www.stanford.edu\/group\/scspi\/_media\/pdf\/Classic_Media\/Card%20and%20Krueger_1993_Race%20and%20Ethnicity.pdf.<\/p>\n

Donovan, Theresa. Jurist. \u201cFederal Judge Rejects Class Status in Wal-Mart Discrimination Suit.\u201d Last modified August 5, 2013. http:\/\/jurist.org\/paperchase\/2013\/08\/federal-judge-rejects-class-status-in-wal-mart-discrimination-suit.php.<\/p>\n

Harris, Elizabeth A. \u201cLabor Panel Finds Illegal Punishments at Walmart.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>, November 18, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/11\/19\/business\/labor-panel-finds-illegal-punishments-at-walmart.html?_r=1&.<\/p>\n

Kolesnikova, Natalia A., and Yang Liu. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: The Regional Economist. \u201cGender Wage Gap May Be Much Smaller Than Most Think.\u201d Last modified October 2011.http:\/\/www.stlouisfed.org\/publications\/re\/articles\/?id=2160.<\/p>\n

Podmolik, Mary Ellen. \u201cHUD Finds Housing Discrimination \u2018Hidden\u2019 But Prevalent.\u201d\u00a0Chicago Tribune: Business<\/em>, June 12, 2013. http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/2013-06-12\/business\/ct-biz-0612-housing-discrimination-20130612_1_renters-testers-chicago-area.<\/p>\n

Spreen, Thomas Luke. United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cRecent College Graduates in the U.S. Labor Force: Data from the Current Population Survey.\u201d\u00a0Monthly Labor Review<\/em>\u00a0(February, 2013). http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/mlr\/2013\/02\/art1full.pdf .<\/p>\n

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: BLS Reports. \u201cWomen in the Labor Force: A Databook (Report 1040).\u201d Last modified February 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/wlf-databook-2012.pdf.<\/p>\n

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, \u201cWalmart to Pay More than $11.7 Million to Settle EEOC Sex Discrimination Suit.\u201d Last modified March 1, 2010. http:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/eeoc\/newsroom\/release\/3-1-10.cfm.<\/p>\n

United States Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. \u201cNews Release: Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers (Third Quarter 2013).\u201d November 1, 2013. http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/wkyeng.pdf.<\/p>\n

Weinberger, Catherine J., and Lois Joy. \u201cThe Relative Earnings of Black College Graduates, 1980\u20132001.\u201d In\u00a0Race and Economic Opportunity in the 21st Century<\/em>, edited by Marlene Kim. New York: Routledge, 2007. http:\/\/www.econ.ucsb.edu\/~weinberg\/grads.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Immigration*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Clune, Michael S. \u201cThe Fiscal Impacts of Immigrants: A California Case Study.\u201d In\u00a0The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration<\/em>, edited by James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998, 120\u2013182. http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/openbook.php?record_id=5985&page=120.<\/p>\n

Smith, James P. \u201cImmigration Reform.\u201d\u00a0Rand Corporation: Rand Review<\/em>. http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/periodicals\/rand-review\/issues\/2012\/fall\/leadership\/immigration-reform.html.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Homeland Security: Office of Immigration Statistics. \u201c2011 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.\u201d September 2012. http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/immigration-statistics\/yearbook\/2011\/ois_yb_2011.pdf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Information, Risk, and Insurance<\/div>\n
\n
\n
The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Consumer Reports. \u201cConsumer Reports.org.\u201d http:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/cro\/index.htm.<\/p>\n

Federal Trade Commission. \u201cAbout the Federal Trade Commission.\u201d Last modified October 17, 2013. http:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/ftc\/about.shtm.<\/p>\n

Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky. \u201cProspect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.\u201d\u00a0Econometrica<\/em>. 47, no. 2 (1979): 263-291. http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~kahneman\/docs\/Publications\/prospect_theory.pdf.<\/p>\n

Rasmussen Reports, LLC. \u201cRasmussen Reports.\u201d http:\/\/www.rasmussenreports.com\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Insurance and Imperfect Information*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Central Intelligence Agency. \u201cThe World Factbook.\u201d https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/.<\/p>\n

National Association of Insurance Commissioners. \u201cNational Association of Insurance Commissioners & The Center for Insurance Policy and Research.\u201d http:\/\/www.naic.org\/.<\/p>\n

OECD. \u201cThe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).\u201d http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/about\/.<\/p>\n

Thaler, Richard H., and Sendhil Mullainathan. \u201cThe Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Behavioral Economics.\u201d\u00a0Library of Economics and Liberty<\/em>. http:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Enc\/BehavioralEconomics.html.<\/p>\n

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. \u201cHealth Reform: Summary of the Affordable care Act.\u201d Last modified April 25, 2013. http:\/\/kff.org\/health-reform\/fact-sheet\/summary-of-new-health-reform-law\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Financial Markets<\/div>\n
\n
\n
How Businesses Raise Financial Capital*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

National Venture Capital Association. \u201cRecent Stats & Studies.\u201d http:\/\/www.nvca.org\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=344&Itemid=103Update.<\/p>\n

Former, Jamie D. \u201cShould Your Small Business Go Public? Consider the Benefits and Risks of Becoming a Publicly Traded Company.\u201d\u00a0U.S. Small Business Administration: Community Blog (blog)<\/em>. Publication date March 23, 2010. http:\/\/www.sba.gov\/community\/blogs\/community-blogs\/business-law-advisor\/should-your-small-business-go-public-consider-0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How Households Supply Financial Capital*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Howley, Kathleen M. Bloomberg. \u201cHome Value Highest Since \u201907 as U.S. Houses Make Cash.\u201d Last modified March 26, 2013. http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2013-03-26\/home-value-highest-since-07-as-u-s-houses-make-cash-mortgages.html.<\/p>\n

Rooney, Ben. \u201cTrading Program Sparked May \u2018Flash Crash\u2019.\u201d\u00a0CNN Money<\/em>. Last modified October 1, 2010. http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/10\/01\/markets\/SEC_CFTC_flash_crash\/index.htm.<\/p>\n

Investment Company Institute. \u201c2013 Investment Company Fact Book, Chapter 6: Characteristics of Mutual Fund Owners.\u201d http:\/\/icifactbook.org\/fb_ch6.html.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
How to Accumulate Personal Wealth*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cIncome: Table H-13. Educational Attainment of Householder\u2014Households with Householder 25 Years Old and Over by Median and Mean Income.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/income\/data\/historical\/household\/.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Public Choice<\/div>\n
\n
\n
Voter Participation and Costs of Elections*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Olson, Mancur.\u00a0The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups<\/em>, (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1965).<\/p>\n

Downs, Anthony.\u00a0An Economic Theory of Democracy<\/em>. New York: Harper, 1957.<\/p>\n

Skinner, B.F.\u00a0Walden Two<\/em>. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1948.<\/p>\n

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). \u201cDefending the Freedom to Vote.\u201d https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/defending-freedom-vote.<\/p>\n

The New York Times. \u201cThe 2012 Money Race: Compare the Candidates.\u201d http:\/\/elections.nytimes.com\/2012\/campaign-finance.<\/p>\n

The Washington Post. \u201cExit Polls 2012: Where Americans Stood this Election.\u201d Last modified November 7, 2012. http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-srv\/special\/politics\/2012-exit-polls\/national-breakdown\/.<\/p>\n

Cornell University Law School: Legal Information Institute. \u201cCitizens United v. Federal Election Committee (No. 08-205).\u201d Last modified January 21, 2010. http:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supct\/html\/08-205.ZS.html.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cVoting and Registration: Historical Time Series Tables; Table A-9: Reported Voting Rates in Presidential Election Years, by Selected Characteristics: November 1964 to 2012.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/socdemo\/voting\/publications\/historical\/index.html<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Special Interest Politics*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Roper Center Public Opinion Archives. \u201cA Brief History of Public Opinion on the Government\u2019s Role in Providing Health Care.\u201d Last modified September 23, 2013.<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. \u201cVoting and Registration: Historical Time Series Tables; Table A-10: Reported Registration Rates in Presidential Election Years, by Selected Characteristics: November 1968 to 2012.\u201d http:\/\/www.census.gov\/hhes\/www\/socdemo\/voting\/publications\/historical\/index.html<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Flaws in the Democratic System of Government*<\/a><\/sup><\/div>\n
\n

Nixon, Ron. \u201cAmerican Candy Makers. Pinched by Inflated Sugar Prices. Look Abroad.\u201d\u00a0The New York Times<\/em>. Last modified October 30, 2013. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/31\/us\/american-candy-makers-pinched-by-inflated-sugar-prices-look-abroad.html?_r=0.<\/p>\n

Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, and Sean Lowry. \u201cU.S. Tire Tariffs: Saving Few Jobs at High Cost (Policy Brief 12-9).\u201d\u00a0Peterson Institute for International Economics<\/em>. Last modified April 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>