{"id":2325,"date":"2018-02-05T20:28:40","date_gmt":"2018-02-05T20:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-herkimer-nutritionflex\/?post_type=chapter&p=2325"},"modified":"2018-02-07T17:09:59","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T17:09:59","slug":"10-32-thiamin-deficiency-toxicity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/chapter\/10-32-thiamin-deficiency-toxicity\/","title":{"raw":"10.32 Thiamin Deficiency & Toxicity","rendered":"10.32 Thiamin Deficiency & Toxicity"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nThiamin deficiency is rare in developed countries, but still occurs in poorer countries where white (aka polished) rice is a staple food. During the polishing process, thiamin, and many other nutrients, are removed. Some people also have a mutation in THTR1 that causes them to become thiamin deficient1<\/sup>. Thiamin deficiency is known as beriberi, which, when translated, means \"I can't, I can't.\" The symptoms of beriberi are illustrated in the link below.\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n\r\n\r\n
Web Link<\/b>\r\n\r\nBeriberi<\/u><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThere are two major forms of beriberi: dry and wet. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, with symptoms such as loss of muscle function, numbness, and\/or tingling. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system resulting in pitting edema, along with enlargement of the heart1<\/sup>. A picture of a person with beriberi is shown below.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"319\"]\"\" Figure 10.321 A person suffering from beriberi2<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAnother group that is at risk for thiamin deficiency is alcoholics. There are three reasons why alcoholics are prone to becoming deficient3<\/sup>:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Alcohol displaces foods that are better sources of thiamin<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. Liver damage decreases TPP formation<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Increased thiamin excretion<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThe thiamin deficiency found in alcoholics is known as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Symptoms of this condition include paralysis or involuntary eye movement, impaired muscle coordination, memory loss and confusion3<\/sup>. The following video shows some of the symptoms of this condition.\r\n<\/colgroup>\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Web Link<\/b>\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wDcyBXJAZNM\r\n\r\nVideo: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (First 1:50)<\/u><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThiamin toxicity has never been reported as a result of oral intake. Thus, there is little worry about thiamin toxicity4<\/sup>.\r\n\r\nReferences & Links<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. http:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/ency\/article\/000339.htm\r\n\r\n2. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Beriberi_USNLM.jpg\r\n\r\n3. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.\r\n\r\n4. Stipanuk MH. (2006) Biochemical, physiological, & molecular aspects of human nutrition. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier\r\n\r\nLinks<\/b>\r\n\r\nBeriberi - http:\/\/www.moondragon.org\/health\/graphics\/beriberi1.jpg\r\n\r\nWernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome - http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wDcyBXJAZNM\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
    \n

    Thiamin deficiency is rare in developed countries, but still occurs in poorer countries where white (aka polished) rice is a staple food. During the polishing process, thiamin, and many other nutrients, are removed. Some people also have a mutation in THTR1 that causes them to become thiamin deficient1<\/sup>. Thiamin deficiency is known as beriberi, which, when translated, means “I can’t, I can’t.” The symptoms of beriberi are illustrated in the link below.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
    Web Link<\/b><\/p>\n

    Beriberi<\/u><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    There are two major forms of beriberi: dry and wet. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, with symptoms such as loss of muscle function, numbness, and\/or tingling. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system resulting in pitting edema, along with enlargement of the heart1<\/sup>. A picture of a person with beriberi is shown below.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Figure 10.321 A person suffering from beriberi2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Another group that is at risk for thiamin deficiency is alcoholics. There are three reasons why alcoholics are prone to becoming deficient3<\/sup>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Alcohol displaces foods that are better sources of thiamin<\/li>\n
    2. Liver damage decreases TPP formation<\/li>\n
    3. Increased thiamin excretion<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The thiamin deficiency found in alcoholics is known as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Symptoms of this condition include paralysis or involuntary eye movement, impaired muscle coordination, memory loss and confusion3<\/sup>. The following video shows some of the symptoms of this condition.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
      Web Link<\/b><\/p>\n