{"id":570,"date":"2017-10-26T14:55:39","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T14:55:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=570"},"modified":"2017-11-13T20:20:06","modified_gmt":"2017-11-13T20:20:06","slug":"7-3-extrahepatic-macronutrient-metabolism","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/chapter\/7-3-extrahepatic-macronutrient-metabolism\/","title":{"raw":"7.3 Extrahepatic Macronutrient Metabolism","rendered":"7.3 Extrahepatic Macronutrient Metabolism"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nBecause the liver is so important in metabolism, the term extrahepatic has been defined to mean \"located or occurring outside of the liver\"1<\/sup>. We are next going to consider extrahepatic tissue metabolism.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"976\"]\"\" Figure 7.31 The liver \"is kind of a big deal\"2<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nTo start considering the metabolic capabilities of the extrahepatic tissues, we start by removing pathways that only or mostly occur in the liver:\r\n\r\nAlcohol oxidation\r\n\r\nGluconeogenesis\r\n\r\nKetone body synthesis\r\n\r\nUrea synthesis\r\n\r\nLactate breakdown\r\n\r\nGlucose-6-phosphatase\r\n\r\nThese metabolic processes are crossed off in the figure below.\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1137\"]\"\" Figure 7.32 Removing the pathways that only or mostly occur in the liver3<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWe are left with metabolic capabilities that are listed and shown below.\r\n\r\nGlycogen synthesis and breakdown\r\n\r\nGlycolysis\r\n\r\nFatty acid synthesis and breakdown\r\n\r\nTriglyceride synthesis and breakdown\r\n\r\nProtein synthesis and breakdown\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1142\"]\"\" Figure 7.33 The metabolic capability of the extrahepatic tissues3<\/sup>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWe will use this figure as the base for metabolic capabilities of the different extrahepatic tissues to compare what pathways other tissues can perform versus all the pathways performed by extrahepatic tissues.\r\n\r\nIn an effort to keep this simple, we are going to focus on four extrahepatic tissues in the following subsections:\r\n\r\n7.31 Muscle Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a>\r\n\r\n7.32 Adipose Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a>\r\n\r\n7.33 Brain Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a>\r\n\r\n7.34 Red Blood Cell Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a>\r\n\r\nReferences & Links<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/dictionary\/?CdrID=44498\r\n\r\n2. http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liver.svg\r\n\r\n3. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

Because the liver is so important in metabolism, the term extrahepatic has been defined to mean “located or occurring outside of the liver”1<\/sup>. We are next going to consider extrahepatic tissue metabolism.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 7.31 The liver “is kind of a big deal”2<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

To start considering the metabolic capabilities of the extrahepatic tissues, we start by removing pathways that only or mostly occur in the liver:<\/p>\n

Alcohol oxidation<\/p>\n

Gluconeogenesis<\/p>\n

Ketone body synthesis<\/p>\n

Urea synthesis<\/p>\n

Lactate breakdown<\/p>\n

Glucose-6-phosphatase<\/p>\n

These metabolic processes are crossed off in the figure below.<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 7.32 Removing the pathways that only or mostly occur in the liver3<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

We are left with metabolic capabilities that are listed and shown below.<\/p>\n

Glycogen synthesis and breakdown<\/p>\n

Glycolysis<\/p>\n

Fatty acid synthesis and breakdown<\/p>\n

Triglyceride synthesis and breakdown<\/p>\n

Protein synthesis and breakdown<\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/p>\n

Figure 7.33 The metabolic capability of the extrahepatic tissues3<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

We will use this figure as the base for metabolic capabilities of the different extrahepatic tissues to compare what pathways other tissues can perform versus all the pathways performed by extrahepatic tissues.<\/p>\n

In an effort to keep this simple, we are going to focus on four extrahepatic tissues in the following subsections:<\/p>\n

7.31 Muscle Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a><\/p>\n

7.32 Adipose Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a><\/p>\n

7.33 Brain Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a><\/p>\n

7.34 Red Blood Cell Macronutrient Metabolism<\/a><\/p>\n

References & Links<\/b><\/p>\n

1. http:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/dictionary\/?CdrID=44498<\/p>\n

2. http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liver.svg<\/p>\n

3. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CellRespiration.svg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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