{"id":623,"date":"2017-10-26T15:22:51","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T15:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=623"},"modified":"2017-11-06T20:31:05","modified_gmt":"2017-11-06T20:31:05","slug":"9-1-antioxidants","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/chapter\/9-1-antioxidants\/","title":{"raw":"9.1 Antioxidants","rendered":"9.1 Antioxidants"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\r\n\r\nThe antioxidant vitamins and minerals are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Vitamin E<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vitamin C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Selenium<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Iron<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Copper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zinc<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Manganese<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Riboflavin<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn this section, we are going to cover vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium in detail because being an antioxidant is their primary function. Iron, copper, zinc, and manganese are cofactors for the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, as shown below.\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1139\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/26152218\/1000000000000473000002F5A403A9C6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1139\" height=\"757\" \/> Figure 9.11 Antioxidant enzymes that use minerals as cofactors[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nSuperoxide dismutase converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide into water. Iron, copper, and zinc will be covered in\u00a0 more detail in the blood, bones, and teeth chapter (chapter 11). Manganese will be covered in the macronutrient metabolism chapter.\r\n\r\nRiboflavin, in the cofactor FAD, is an important cofactor for several antioxidant enzymes, but it will be covered in more depth in the macronutrient metabolism micronutrients chapter (Chapter 10).\r\n\r\nSubsections:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-11-free-radicals-oxidative-stress\/\">9.11 Free Radicals &amp; Oxidative Stress<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-12-what-is-an-antioxidant\/\">9.12 What is an Antioxidant?<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-13-meaningful-antioxidants\/\">9.13 Meaningful Antioxidant(s)<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-14-too-much-of-a-good-thing-antioxidants-as-pro-oxidants\/\">9.14 Too Much of a Good Thing? Antioxidants as Pro-oxidants<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"__UNKNOWN__\">\n<p>The antioxidant vitamins and minerals are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vitamin E<\/li>\n<li>Vitamin C<\/li>\n<li>Selenium<\/li>\n<li>Iron<\/li>\n<li>Copper<\/li>\n<li>Zinc<\/li>\n<li>Manganese<\/li>\n<li>Riboflavin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this section, we are going to cover vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium in detail because being an antioxidant is their primary function. Iron, copper, zinc, and manganese are cofactors for the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, as shown below.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div style=\"width: 1149px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2569\/2017\/10\/26152218\/1000000000000473000002F5A403A9C6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1139\" height=\"757\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9.11 Antioxidant enzymes that use minerals as cofactors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Superoxide dismutase converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide into water. Iron, copper, and zinc will be covered in\u00a0 more detail in the blood, bones, and teeth chapter (chapter 11). Manganese will be covered in the macronutrient metabolism chapter.<\/p>\n<p>Riboflavin, in the cofactor FAD, is an important cofactor for several antioxidant enzymes, but it will be covered in more depth in the macronutrient metabolism micronutrients chapter (Chapter 10).<\/p>\n<p>Subsections:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-11-free-radicals-oxidative-stress\/\">9.11 Free Radicals &amp; Oxidative Stress<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-12-what-is-an-antioxidant\/\">9.12 What is an Antioxidant?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-13-meaningful-antioxidants\/\">9.13 Meaningful Antioxidant(s)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-nutrition\/chapter\/9-14-too-much-of-a-good-thing-antioxidants-as-pro-oxidants\/\">9.14 Too Much of a Good Thing? Antioxidants as Pro-oxidants<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-623\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Kansas State University Human Nutrition Flexbook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Brian Lindshield. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Kansas State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/vOAnR\">http:\/\/goo.gl\/vOAnR<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":44985,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Kansas State University Human Nutrition Flexbook\",\"author\":\"Brian Lindshield\",\"organization\":\"Kansas State University\",\"url\":\"goo.gl\/vOAnR\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-623","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":619,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44985"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1623,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/623\/revisions\/1623"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/619"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/623\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=623"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}