{"id":989,"date":"2017-10-26T17:20:10","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T17:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/sunynutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=989"},"modified":"2017-11-14T17:32:47","modified_gmt":"2017-11-14T17:32:47","slug":"12-52-vitamin-k-deficiency-toxicity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-herkimer-nutrition\/chapter\/12-52-vitamin-k-deficiency-toxicity\/","title":{"raw":"12.52 Vitamin K Deficiency & Toxicity","rendered":"12.52 Vitamin K Deficiency & Toxicity"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\nVitamin K deficiency is rare, but can occur in newborn infants. They are at higher risk, because there is poor transfer of vitamin K across the placental barrier, their gastrointestinal tracts do not contain vitamin K producing bacteria, and breast milk is generally low in vitamin K1<\/sup>. As a result, it is recommended (and widely practiced) that all infants receive a vitamin K injection within 6 hours of birth2<\/sup>.\r\n\r\nProlonged antibiotic treatment (which kills bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract) and lipid absorption problems can also lead to vitamin K deficiency3<\/sup>. Vitamin K deficient individuals have an increased risk of bleeding or hemorrhage. Remember that high levels of vitamin E intake can also interfere with vitamin K's blood clotting function. It is believed that a vitamin E metabolite, with similar structure to the vitamin K quinones, antagonizes the action of vitamin K.\r\n\r\nPhylloquinone and menaquinone have no reported toxicities. However, menadione can cause liver damage1<\/sup>.\r\n\r\nReferences & Links<\/b>\r\n\r\n1. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.\r\n\r\n2. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Moe G, Beshgetoor D, Berning J. (2009) Wardlaw's perspectives in nutrition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.\r\n\r\n3. McGuire M, Beerman KA. (2011) Nutritional sciences: From fundamentals to food. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

Vitamin K deficiency is rare, but can occur in newborn infants. They are at higher risk, because there is poor transfer of vitamin K across the placental barrier, their gastrointestinal tracts do not contain vitamin K producing bacteria, and breast milk is generally low in vitamin K1<\/sup>. As a result, it is recommended (and widely practiced) that all infants receive a vitamin K injection within 6 hours of birth2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Prolonged antibiotic treatment (which kills bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract) and lipid absorption problems can also lead to vitamin K deficiency3<\/sup>. Vitamin K deficient individuals have an increased risk of bleeding or hemorrhage. Remember that high levels of vitamin E intake can also interfere with vitamin K’s blood clotting function. It is believed that a vitamin E metabolite, with similar structure to the vitamin K quinones, antagonizes the action of vitamin K.<\/p>\n

Phylloquinone and menaquinone have no reported toxicities. However, menadione can cause liver damage1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

References & Links<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.<\/p>\n

2. Byrd-Bredbenner C, Moe G, Beshgetoor D, Berning J. (2009) Wardlaw’s perspectives in nutrition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.<\/p>\n

3. McGuire M, Beerman KA. (2011) Nutritional sciences: From fundamentals to food. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t

Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>