{"id":537,"date":"2016-08-24T00:07:56","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T00:07:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/americangovernment\/?post_type=chapter&p=537"},"modified":"2016-08-24T00:07:56","modified_gmt":"2016-08-24T00:07:56","slug":"glossary-10","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/atd-monroecc-americangovernment\/chapter\/glossary-10\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary","rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"

Interest Groups Defined<\/h2>\r\nassociation<\/strong> groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade\r\n\r\ncollective good<\/strong> a good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government, that is generally available to the population as a whole\r\n\r\ncontract lobbyist<\/strong> a lobbyist who works for a contract lobbying firm that represents clients before government\r\n\r\nin-house lobbyist<\/strong> an employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf of the organization\r\n\r\ninside lobbying<\/strong> the act of contacting and taking the organization\u2019s message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy\r\n\r\nlegislative liaison<\/strong> a person employed by a governmental entity such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature\r\n\r\nlobbyist<\/strong> a person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy\r\n\r\nmembership organization<\/strong> an interest group that usually consists of dues-paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue\r\n\r\noutside lobbying<\/strong> the act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization\u2019s message to the public, often through the use of the media and\/or by issue press releases, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on lawmakers\r\n\r\nparticularized benefit<\/strong> a benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society\r\n\r\npublic interest group<\/strong> an interest group that seeks a public good, which is something that accrues to all\r\n

Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/h2>\r\ndisturbance theory<\/strong> the theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization\r\n\r\nfree rider problem<\/strong> the situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get a free ride) without helping to bear the cost\r\n\r\nmaterial incentives<\/strong> substantive monetary or physical benefits given to group members to help overcome collective action problems\r\n\r\npurposive incentives<\/strong> benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people\u2019s support of the issue or cause\r\n\r\nsolidary incentives<\/strong> benefits based on the concept that people like to associate with those who are similar to them\r\n

Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/h2>\r\nastroturf movement<\/strong> a political movement that resembles a grassroots movement but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and\/or elites\r\n\r\nefficacy<\/strong> the belief that you make a difference and that government cares about you and your views\r\n\r\nelite critique<\/strong> the proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources\r\n\r\nfragmentation<\/strong> the result when a large interest group develops diverging needs\r\n\r\ngrassroots movement<\/strong> a political movement that often begins from the bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue\r\n\r\niron triangle<\/strong> three-way relationship among congressional committees, interests groups, and the bureaucracy\r\n\r\nissue network<\/strong> a group of interest groups and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy\r\n\r\nneopluralist<\/strong> a person who suggests that all groups\u2019 access and influence depend on the political environment\r\n\r\npluralist<\/strong> a person who believes many groups healthily compete for access to decision-makers\r\n

Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/h2>\r\nvoting cues<\/strong> sources\u2014including fellow lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups\u2014that lawmakers often use to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues\r\n

Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/h2>\r\nCitizens United<\/em><\/strong> Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission<\/em> was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections\r\n\r\nrevolving door laws<\/strong> laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office\r\n\r\nsoft money<\/strong> money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal law","rendered":"

Interest Groups Defined<\/h2>\n

association<\/strong> groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade<\/p>\n

collective good<\/strong> a good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government, that is generally available to the population as a whole<\/p>\n

contract lobbyist<\/strong> a lobbyist who works for a contract lobbying firm that represents clients before government<\/p>\n

in-house lobbyist<\/strong> an employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf of the organization<\/p>\n

inside lobbying<\/strong> the act of contacting and taking the organization\u2019s message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy<\/p>\n

legislative liaison<\/strong> a person employed by a governmental entity such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature<\/p>\n

lobbyist<\/strong> a person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy<\/p>\n

membership organization<\/strong> an interest group that usually consists of dues-paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue<\/p>\n

outside lobbying<\/strong> the act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization\u2019s message to the public, often through the use of the media and\/or by issue press releases, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on lawmakers<\/p>\n

particularized benefit<\/strong> a benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society<\/p>\n

public interest group<\/strong> an interest group that seeks a public good, which is something that accrues to all<\/p>\n

Collective Action and Interest Group Formation<\/h2>\n

disturbance theory<\/strong> the theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization<\/p>\n

free rider problem<\/strong> the situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get a free ride) without helping to bear the cost<\/p>\n

material incentives<\/strong> substantive monetary or physical benefits given to group members to help overcome collective action problems<\/p>\n

purposive incentives<\/strong> benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people\u2019s support of the issue or cause<\/p>\n

solidary incentives<\/strong> benefits based on the concept that people like to associate with those who are similar to them<\/p>\n

Interest Groups as Political Participation<\/h2>\n

astroturf movement<\/strong> a political movement that resembles a grassroots movement but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and\/or elites<\/p>\n

efficacy<\/strong> the belief that you make a difference and that government cares about you and your views<\/p>\n

elite critique<\/strong> the proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources<\/p>\n

fragmentation<\/strong> the result when a large interest group develops diverging needs<\/p>\n

grassroots movement<\/strong> a political movement that often begins from the bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue<\/p>\n

iron triangle<\/strong> three-way relationship among congressional committees, interests groups, and the bureaucracy<\/p>\n

issue network<\/strong> a group of interest groups and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy<\/p>\n

neopluralist<\/strong> a person who suggests that all groups\u2019 access and influence depend on the political environment<\/p>\n

pluralist<\/strong> a person who believes many groups healthily compete for access to decision-makers<\/p>\n

Pathways of Interest Group Influence<\/h2>\n

voting cues<\/strong> sources\u2014including fellow lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups\u2014that lawmakers often use to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues<\/p>\n

Free Speech and the Regulation of Interest Groups<\/h2>\n

Citizens United<\/em><\/strong> Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission<\/em> was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections<\/p>\n

revolving door laws<\/strong> laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office<\/p>\n

soft money<\/strong> money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal law<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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