{"id":45,"date":"2015-07-17T20:45:46","date_gmt":"2015-07-17T20:45:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/bio2labsxmaster2\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=45"},"modified":"2016-06-01T18:57:29","modified_gmt":"2016-06-01T18:57:29","slug":"microbiology-lab-handout","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/bio2labs\/chapter\/microbiology-lab-handout\/","title":{"raw":"Microbiology and Protista Lab","rendered":"Microbiology and Protista Lab"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2>Learning Objectives<\/h2>\r\nAfter completing this lab, you student should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Describe the basic structures of a bacterial cell.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>State the three domains of life<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Name the shape of a given bacteria specimen<\/li>\r\n\t<li>State the domain of cyanobacteria<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Be able to identify the cyanobacteria examples viewed in lab<\/li>\r\n\t<li>State the domain of the protista<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Be able to identify the green algae examples viewed in lab and know if they are colonial or filamentous<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Be able to recognize the protista specimen viewed in lab<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Identify protista as photosynthetic or heterotrophic<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nhttp:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/lab-2-microbiology\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/02\/23081705\/MicrobiologyandProtistaLab.pdf\">Download a PDF of the lab to print.<\/a>\r\n<h2>Part 1: Prokaryotes<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Procedure<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Access the page \u201cReading: Prokaryotes.\u201d<\/li>\r\n\t<li>We will not be using any live bacteria specimens. Instead, watch this video about aseptic technique.This technique is important to avoid microorganism contamination.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/bRadiLXkqoU\r\n<h3>Questions<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Answer the questions below based on the video.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What two tools are most commonly used to transfer bacteria?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>With the Bunsen burner, what color is the hottest flame?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>How are the inoculation tools sterilized?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>When transferring bacteria from a liquid culture to a Petri plate, why do you turn the plate while spreading the bacteria?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>When transferring bacteria from a Petri plate to a stab culture, how many times should you stab the needle?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>When transferring bacteria into a liquid tube do you flame the mouth of the tube before inoculation, after inoculation, or both?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Skip to the end of the lab activity where it says \u201cPrepared slides of typical bacteria\u201d and view the prepared slides of bacterial shapes available in the laboratory.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Draw a picture of the coccus shaped bacteria.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Draw a picture of the bacillus shaped bacteria.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Draw a picture of the spirillum shaped bacteria.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the prepared slides of cyanobacteria available in the laboratory. Although they are single celled note how they form colonies and attach to one another\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What is the function of the heterocycst in the <i>Anabaena?<\/i><\/li>\r\n\t<li>If the <i>Oscillatoria<\/i> is moving, describe the movement quality below.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Which cyanobacteria species form chains? Which cyanobacteria species form clumps?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2>Part 2: Protista<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Procedure<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Access the page \u201cReading: Protists.\u201d<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Watch this video.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/4aVUrGO97Zg\r\n<h3>Questions<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>View the Euglenozoans specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What color is the euglena?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>What structure does the euglena use to move?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Can you see any internal chloroplasts?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Can you see the red eyespot? It does not give the organism vision, rather allows it to sense the presence of light.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><i>Trypanosoma sp<\/i>. cause African sleeping sickness.\u00a0(This disease was discussed in the video.)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>What part of the human body does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>invade?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>What structure does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>use to move?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>How does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>avoid being killed by the white blood cells?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Can African sleeping sickness cause death?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the diatom specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What material is found in the cell wall of the diatoms?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Are the organisms single or multi cellular?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the brown algae specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What pigment does brown algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one brown algae specimen below.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the dinoflagellate specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What structure does the dinoflagellate use for movement? How many of these structures does it have?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Are the organisms single or multi cellular?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the ciliate specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What structure does <i>Paramecium<\/i> use to move? Does it have only one or many of these structures?<\/li>\r\n\t<li><i>Paramecium<\/i> contains two nucli, a macronucleus (large) and a micronucleus (small). Can you find both of them on your specimen?<\/li>\r\n\t<li><i>Paramecium<\/i> also contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the red algae specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What pigment does red algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one red algae specimen below.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the green algae specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What pigment does green algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one green algae specimen below.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>View the Tubulinid specimens available.\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What structure does <i>Amoeba<\/i> use to move?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Is the <i>Amoeba<\/i> single or multi celled?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<i> Amoeba<\/i> contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2>Summary Questions<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"s1\">Answer the questions below to summarize the lab activity:<\/span>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>What type of cell is considered more primitive or basic?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>State one difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>What two domains contain prokaryotic celled organisms?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Identify structures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 on the generalized prokaryotic cell pictured below\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/06\/01185705\/prokaryote.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-787\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-787 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/06\/01185705\/prokaryote-300x247.png\" alt=\"prokaryote\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" \/><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Are the cyanobacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Which cyanobacteria species secretes a gelatinous sheath?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Which protista are most similar to green plants? Why?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>You viewed several protista that exhibited movement. Give an example of a protista that used each of the following movement structures:\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Flagella:<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Cilia:<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Pseudopod:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Give two examples of photosynthetic protista you viewed in lab and state what pigment each uses for photosynthesis.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2>Learning Objectives<\/h2>\n<p>After completing this lab, you student should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the basic structures of a bacterial cell.<\/li>\n<li>State the three domains of life<\/li>\n<li>Name the shape of a given bacteria specimen<\/li>\n<li>State the domain of cyanobacteria<\/li>\n<li>Be able to identify the cyanobacteria examples viewed in lab<\/li>\n<li>State the domain of the protista<\/li>\n<li>Be able to identify the green algae examples viewed in lab and know if they are colonial or filamentous<\/li>\n<li>Be able to recognize the protista specimen viewed in lab<\/li>\n<li>Identify protista as photosynthetic or heterotrophic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/lab-2-microbiology<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/02\/23081705\/MicrobiologyandProtistaLab.pdf\">Download a PDF of the lab to print.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Part 1: Prokaryotes<\/h2>\n<h3>Procedure<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Access the page \u201cReading: Prokaryotes.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>We will not be using any live bacteria specimens. Instead, watch this video about aseptic technique.This technique is important to avoid microorganism contamination.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Aseptic Technique\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bRadiLXkqoU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Questions<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Answer the questions below based on the video.\n<ol>\n<li>What two tools are most commonly used to transfer bacteria?<\/li>\n<li>With the Bunsen burner, what color is the hottest flame?<\/li>\n<li>How are the inoculation tools sterilized?<\/li>\n<li>When transferring bacteria from a liquid culture to a Petri plate, why do you turn the plate while spreading the bacteria?<\/li>\n<li>When transferring bacteria from a Petri plate to a stab culture, how many times should you stab the needle?<\/li>\n<li>When transferring bacteria into a liquid tube do you flame the mouth of the tube before inoculation, after inoculation, or both?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Skip to the end of the lab activity where it says \u201cPrepared slides of typical bacteria\u201d and view the prepared slides of bacterial shapes available in the laboratory.\n<ol>\n<li>Draw a picture of the coccus shaped bacteria.<\/li>\n<li>Draw a picture of the bacillus shaped bacteria.<\/li>\n<li>Draw a picture of the spirillum shaped bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the prepared slides of cyanobacteria available in the laboratory. Although they are single celled note how they form colonies and attach to one another\n<ol>\n<li>What is the function of the heterocycst in the <i>Anabaena?<\/i><\/li>\n<li>If the <i>Oscillatoria<\/i> is moving, describe the movement quality below.<\/li>\n<li>Which cyanobacteria species form chains? Which cyanobacteria species form clumps?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Part 2: Protista<\/h2>\n<h3>Procedure<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Access the page \u201cReading: Protists.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Watch this video.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Death by Tsetse Fly\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4aVUrGO97Zg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Questions<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>View the Euglenozoans specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What color is the euglena?<\/li>\n<li>What structure does the euglena use to move?<\/li>\n<li>Can you see any internal chloroplasts?<\/li>\n<li>Can you see the red eyespot? It does not give the organism vision, rather allows it to sense the presence of light.<\/li>\n<li><i>Trypanosoma sp<\/i>. cause African sleeping sickness.\u00a0(This disease was discussed in the video.)<\/li>\n<li>What part of the human body does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>invade?<\/li>\n<li>What structure does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>use to move?<\/li>\n<li>How does the <i>Trypanosoma <\/i>avoid being killed by the white blood cells?<\/li>\n<li>Can African sleeping sickness cause death?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the diatom specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What material is found in the cell wall of the diatoms?<\/li>\n<li>Are the organisms single or multi cellular?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the brown algae specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What pigment does brown algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\n<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one brown algae specimen below.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the dinoflagellate specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What structure does the dinoflagellate use for movement? How many of these structures does it have?<\/li>\n<li>Are the organisms single or multi cellular?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the ciliate specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What structure does <i>Paramecium<\/i> use to move? Does it have only one or many of these structures?<\/li>\n<li><i>Paramecium<\/i> contains two nucli, a macronucleus (large) and a micronucleus (small). Can you find both of them on your specimen?<\/li>\n<li><i>Paramecium<\/i> also contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the red algae specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What pigment does red algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\n<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one red algae specimen below.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the green algae specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What pigment does green algae use for photosynthesis?<\/li>\n<li>Name and describe the characteristics of one green algae specimen below.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>View the Tubulinid specimens available.\n<ol>\n<li>What structure does <i>Amoeba<\/i> use to move?<\/li>\n<li>Is the <i>Amoeba<\/i> single or multi celled?<\/li>\n<li>The<i> Amoeba<\/i> contains contractile vacuoles that help maintain water balance through osmosis. Can you locate any on your specimen?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Summary Questions<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"s1\">Answer the questions below to summarize the lab activity:<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li>What type of cell is considered more primitive or basic?<\/li>\n<li>State one difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.<\/li>\n<li>What two domains contain prokaryotic celled organisms?<\/li>\n<li>Identify structures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 on the generalized prokaryotic cell pictured below<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/06\/01185705\/prokaryote.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-787\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-787 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/745\/2016\/06\/01185705\/prokaryote-300x247.png\" alt=\"prokaryote\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are the cyanobacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic?<\/li>\n<li>Which cyanobacteria species secretes a gelatinous sheath?<\/li>\n<li>Which protista are most similar to green plants? Why?<\/li>\n<li>You viewed several protista that exhibited movement. Give an example of a protista that used each of the following movement structures:\n<ol>\n<li>Flagella:<\/li>\n<li>Cilia:<\/li>\n<li>Pseudopod:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Give two examples of photosynthetic protista you viewed in lab and state what pigment each uses for photosynthesis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-45\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Biology 102 Labs. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lynette Hauser. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Tidewater Community College . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tcc.edu\/\">http:\/\/www.tcc.edu\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Prokaryotes Lab (Biology 102). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Michael J. Gregory, Ph.D.. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/b51ab7d9e5e1e7063dcb70cee5c33cf7f4b7bad8.googledrive.com\/host\/0Bx6hk6AUBHxDc2d4TDJZTFIyMGs\/default.htm\">https:\/\/b51ab7d9e5e1e7063dcb70cee5c33cf7f4b7bad8.googledrive.com\/host\/0Bx6hk6AUBHxDc2d4TDJZTFIyMGs\/default.htm<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":74,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Prokaryotes Lab (Biology 102)\",\"author\":\"Michael J. 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