html,body,div,span,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,abbr,address,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,samp,small,strong,sub,sup,var,b,i,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;background:transparent;border:0;outline:0}html{height:100%}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100%;margin:0;font-size:1em;line-height:1.8;color:#1f1f1d;text-align:left;background:url("../images/bg.png") repeat 0 0 #f9f9f9}nav,section{display:block}a{color:#870d0d}a:hover{text-decoration:none}ul,ol,p,dl{margin-bottom:15px}ul{list-style:outside none}ul ul,ol ol{margin-left:15px}blockquote{padding:1px 5px 5px 50px;margin-bottom:20px;background:url("../images/blockquote-open.png") no-repeat 10px 10px #f4f4f3}blockquote p{padding:20px 20px 0 10px;margin:15px;font-size:.95em}.wrapper{flex:1;height:auto;margin:0 auto}#wrap{position:relative;z-index:20;width:940px;margin:0 auto 60px}.footer,.push{min-height:5em;clear:both}#header{margin:0 auto 40px}#content{position:relative;z-index:10;width:520px;min-height:420px;padding:30px 60px;margin:0 auto 60px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #ddd}#content ul{list-style:disc}#content img{height:auto;max-width:100%}#content .wp-caption,#content .wp-nocaption{height:auto;max-width:100%}.single #content{min-height:350px;margin-bottom:0}.buttons{width:347px;height:40px;margin:40px auto 20px;overflow:hidden}.buttons li{display:inline}.button-red{float:left;padding:5px 10px;margin-right:15px;font:0.75em "Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #000;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;background-color:#820808;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #a62c2c 0%, #820808 100%);background-repeat:repeat-x;border:1px solid #4d0a0a;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 0 #c77a7a inset}.button-red:hover{background-color:#5c0102;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #801e1e 0%, #5c0102 100%)}.button-red:active{background-color:#a62c2c;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #820808 0%, #a62c2c 100%)}.screen-reader-text{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);border:0}.search-results{margin:0}.search-results h2{font-weight:bold}.search-results .more-tag{color:#870d0d}.nav-container{margin-bottom:40px}.nav-container nav{position:relative;z-index:100;width:100%;min-height:50px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.8);box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #aeaeae}.sub-nav-left,.sub-nav-right{position:absolute;top:0}.sub-nav-left{left:0;height:50px;overflow:hidden}.sub-nav-right{right:0;width:130px}.pressbooks-logo{float:left;padding:2px 10px 1px 30px;margin:0;font:1em "Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:2.6em;text-transform:uppercase}.pressbooks-logo a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}h1.book-title{width:520px;padding:10px 60px 0;margin:0 auto;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.6em;text-align:center}h1.book-title a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none;text-transform:none}.sub-nav{position:relative;z-index:1;min-height:25px;padding:10px 0 5px;margin:-5px 0 0;background:#fdfffa;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #ddd}.author-wrap{width:520px;padding:0 60px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.author-wrap h3{display:inline;font-size:.75em;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0}.searchform{float:right;margin-right:30px}.buy{display:block;float:right;width:46px;margin:10px 10px 0 0}.buy a{float:right;margin-right:0}#sidebar{position:absolute;top:20px;right:0;width:74px;padding:0 0 0 4px;margin:10px 74px 0 0;line-height:1.1em;text-align:center}#sidebar a{font:0.6em/1em "Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Sans",Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;color:#4a4a4a;text-decoration:none}#booknav{position:relative;margin:-5px 0 0;background:#fff;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #ddd}#booknav li{height:70px}#booknav li:first-child{padding-top:10px}#booknav li:last-child{padding-bottom:10px}#booknav li:hover{background:#eee}#booknav li.active{background:#eee}#booknav li a{display:block;height:20px;padding-top:40px}.admin-btn a,.home-btn a,.toc-btn a,.read-btn a,.about-btn a{background-image:url("../images/sprite.png");background-repeat:no-repeat}.admin-btn a{background-position:30px -187px}.home-btn a{background-position:-20px -187px}.toc-btn a{background-position:-121px -187px}.read-btn a{background-position:-178px -187px}.about-btn a{background-position:-255px -187px}#about .about-btn,#tableofcontents .toc-btn{background:#eee}#toc{position:relative;z-index:50;display:none;width:180px;padding:10px 10px 10px 20px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-132px;background:#eee;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #ddd}#toc .close{display:block;float:right;width:20px;height:20px;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;background:url("../images/sprite.png") 0 -50px}#toc ul{margin-left:0;text-align:left}#toc h4{margin:5px 0 2px;font:0.8em "Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Sans",Verdana,Tahoma,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:left}#toc h4 a{font:inherit}#toc ul ul{padding-bottom:5px;border-bottom:1px dotted #999}#toc ul ul:last-of-type{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}#toc h4,#toc .chapter{padding-left:10px;text-indent:-10px}#toc .dashicons{color:#aeaeae}#toc h4:hover .dashicons{color:#777}.edit-link{display:block;float:left;width:80px;margin:120px 0 0 -115px;font:bold 13px "Open Sans Condensed",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;border-top:1px solid #ccc;border-right:1px solid #eee;border-left:1px solid #ccc;transform:rotate(-90deg)}.edit-link a{display:block;padding:5px 0;color:#c03;text-decoration:none;background-color:#fcfcfc}.edit-link a:hover{color:#fcfcfc;background-color:#c12328}.posts-navigation{position:fixed;top:58%;left:50%;width:700px;margin-left:-350px}.nav-previous{position:absolute;top:45%;left:0}.nav-previous a{display:block;width:42px;height:43px;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;background:url("../images/sprite.png") 0 -573px no-repeat}.nav-previous a:hover{background-position:-56px -573px}.nav-next{position:absolute;top:45%;right:0}.nav-next a{display:block;width:42px;height:43px;overflow:hidden;text-indent:100%;white-space:nowrap;background:url("../images/sprite.png") 0 -506px no-repeat}.nav-next a:hover{background-position:-56px -506px}.share-wrap-single{width:620px;margin:2px auto 40px}.share-single{position:relative;width:auto;padding-top:5px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent;box-shadow:none}.share-single li{float:left;padding:5px 5px 5px 0;margin:0 10px 0 0;line-height:1}.share-single .twitter{padding-top:3px;margin:3px 15px 0 0}.share-single .facebook{padding-top:3px;margin:3px 10px 0 0}.share-single .email a{display:block;width:30px;height:21px;margin:0;text-indent:-9999px;background:url("../images/sprite.png") -147px -96px no-repeat}.blank-page{display:none}.buy-book{margin-top:30px;font-size:.875em}.buy-page li{padding:5px 10px;margin:0 0 20px}.buy-page img{max-width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align:middle;background:transparent;border:0}.logo{display:inline-block;width:100px;margin-right:30px;text-align:right}#inline-toc h4{margin:25px 0 5px;font-family:"Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.2em;font-style:normal;text-align:center}#inline-toc ul{margin-left:0}.denied-title{margin-bottom:15px;font-size:1.4em;color:#4d0a0a}.denied-text a{padding:5px;font-family:"Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:.7em;color:#4a4a4a;text-decoration:none;background:#eee;border-radius:6px}.denied-text a:hover{background:#aaa}.footer{font:0.75em/1.5em "Open Sans Condensed",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;background:#8d8d8d;background-image:url("../images/footer-shadow.png");background-repeat:repeat-x}.footer .inner{width:520px;padding:30px 60px;margin:auto}.footer .inner dl{margin:0 auto 40px;overflow:hidden;text-align:left}.footer .inner dt,.footer .inner dd{display:inline-block;width:48%;padding:0 10px}.footer .inner dt{text-align:right}.footer .inner dd{font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}.cie-name{font-family:"Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-align:center}.cie-name a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.footer .license-attribution p{font-size:80%;text-align:center}.footer .license-attribution a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.footer .license-attribution img{background:none;border:0}#comments{width:520px;padding:30px 60px;margin:0 auto}h3#reply-title{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:1.1em;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal}h3#comments-title{font-size:1.1em;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal}ol.commentlist{list-style:decimal}ol.commentlist li{padding:10px 15px;background:#eee;border:1px solid;border-color:#fff #ccc #ccc #dedede}ol.commentlist li.odd{background:#fff;border-left:1px solid #dedede}ol.commentlist li::before{display:none}.comment-author{font-size:.8em}img.avatar{float:left;width:auto;margin:0 10px 10px 0}cite.fn{display:block;font:1.2em "Open Sans Condensed",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal}.comment-body{clear:both}.reply a{padding:2px 3px;font:0.75em "Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #000;cursor:pointer;background-color:#222;border:1px solid #000;border-radius:6px}.reply a:hover{background-color:#000;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #2c2c2c 0%, #000 100%);background-repeat:repeat-x}.reply a:active{background-color:#434343;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #222 0%, #434343 100%);background-repeat:repeat-x}.required{color:#870d0d}.comment-notes{font-size:.875em}.comment-form-author,.comment-form-email,.comment-form-url,.comment-form-comment{margin-bottom:30px;overflow:hidden}.comment-form-author{margin-top:40px}.comment-form-comment{margin-bottom:10px}#commentform label{float:left;width:115px;padding-right:5px;font:1em "Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;text-align:right}#commentform input,#commentform textarea{float:right;width:350px;border-radius:6px}#commentform input{height:30px;font-size:.875em}#respond .form-allowed-tags{width:350px;margin:10px 0 0 170px;font-size:.7em;line-height:1.2em;color:#bbb}.form-submit{margin:10px 0 0 170px}.form-submit input#submit{float:none;width:72px;padding-bottom:2px;font:0.75em "Oswald",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #000;cursor:pointer;background-color:#820808;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #a62c2c 0%, #820808 100%);background-repeat:repeat-x;border:1px solid #4d0a0a;box-shadow:0 1px 0 0 #c77a7a inset}.form-submit input#submit:hover{background-color:#5c0102;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #801e1e 0%, #5c0102 100%)}.form-submit input#submit:active{background-color:#a62c2c;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, #820808 0%, #a62c2c 100%)}pre{-webkit-text-size-adjust:140%}code{-webkit-text-size-adjust:160%}#access,.entry-meta,.entry-utility,.navigation,.widget-area{-webkit-text-size-adjust:120%}#site-description{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}@media screen and (max-width: 1024px){#content{font-size:1.1em}nav.sticky.mobile{position:static}#toc{margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-130px;background:#e0e0e0}}@media screen and (max-width: 768px){.h1.book-title{width:auto}.pressbooks-logo{padding:15px 0 0 20px}.pressbooks-logo a{display:block;width:40px;text-indent:-9999em;background:url("../images/sprite.png") -200px -50px no-repeat}#wrap,#content,.footer .inner,#comments{width:auto}#wrap{padding-top:50px}#content{margin:0 10px 60px;border-top:1px solid #f5f5f5}#sidebar{top:0;right:12px;width:auto;padding:0;margin:0}#booknav{float:right;margin-top:0;background-color:transparent}#booknav li:first-child{padding-top:0}#booknav li{float:left;width:70px;height:40px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:0;background:#fff;border-right:1px solid #e1e1e1;border-radius:6px 6px 0 0}#booknav li a{text-indent:-9999em}.admin-btn a{background-position:28px -184px}.home-btn a{background-position:-24px -184px}.toc-btn a{background-position:-124px -182px}#toc{position:relative;z-index:100;margin-top:47px;margin-left:0}#toc .close{width:100%;background-position:160px -50px}#toc h4{margin:25px 0 2px}.posts-navigation{left:0;width:100%;margin-left:0}}@media screen and (max-width: 480px){h1.book-title,.author-wrap,.searchform{width:auto}.searchform{float:none;text-align:center}#content{padding:20px 10px 10px}.posts-navigation{top:auto;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:43px;padding:2px 0;margin-left:0;overflow:hidden;background-color:rgba(250,250,250,0.8);box-shadow:-1px -1px 1px #ccc}.nav-previous{top:2px;left:3px}.nav-next{top:2px;right:3px}#toc{position:absolute;right:0}.entry-title{width:auto}#commentform textarea,#commentform input{float:none;width:100%}#commentform label{float:none;width:auto;text-align:left}.comment-form-author,.comment-form-email,.comment-form-url,.comment-form-comment{overflow:visible}#respond .form-allowed-tags{width:auto;margin:0 auto}.form-submit{margin:10px auto 0}.footer .inner{padding:30px 10px}.footer .inner dt{padding-left:0}.footer .inner dd{padding-right:0}}@media screen and (max-device-width: 320px){#wrap{padding-top:40px}#booknav li{width:40px;height:30px;margin:0 0 20px;text-align:center}.admin-btn a{background-position:12px -187px}.home-btn a{background-position:-38px -187px}.toc-btn a{background-position:-139px -186px}#toc .close{width:100%;background-position:160px -50px}#toc h4{margin:25px 0 2px}.entry-title{width:auto}#commentform textarea,#commentform input{width:90%}#comments{padding:30px 10px}}@media print{body{background:none}a{color:#1f1f1d}#wrap{position:relative;display:block;float:none;margin:0 auto;clear:both}#header{padding-bottom:18pt;border-bottom:2pt solid #000}.entry-content{font-size:14pt;line-height:1.6em}.entry-title{font-size:21pt}#branding img,#respond,#comments,#searchform,.comment-edit-link,.edit-link,.navigation,.page-link,.widget-area,.nav,.share-wrap-single,.sidebar{display:none}#container,#header,.footer{width:100%;margin:0}.footer,nav{color:#1f1f1d;background:#fff}#content{width:100%;padding:10px;margin:24pt 0 0}.wp-caption p{font-size:11pt}.home .sticky{border:0}.wrapper{height:auto;min-height:100px;margin:0 auto}}
