{"id":70,"date":"2017-05-04T17:26:25","date_gmt":"2017-05-04T17:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=70"},"modified":"2017-05-04T17:36:04","modified_gmt":"2017-05-04T17:36:04","slug":"nouns","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/chapter\/nouns\/","title":{"raw":"Nouns","rendered":"Nouns"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 id=\"section_289\">4.2: Nouns<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"concept_154\">4.2.1: Nouns as Subjects and Objects<\/h2>\n&lt;!--\ngid:\/\/boundless\/Atom\/757\n--&gt;\n<div class=\"brief\"><p>Nouns can be either the subject or object of sentences.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Learning Objective<\/h3>\n<p>Identify whether a noun functions as a subject or object<\/p>\n<h3>Key Points<\/h3>\n<ul><li>The subject of a sentence completes the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n  <li>The direct object of the sentence receives the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n  <li>The indirect object of the sentence answers the question \"to whom\/what?\" or \"for whom\/what?\" for the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n  <li>For sentences in active voice, the subject comes before the verb.<\/li>\n  <li>For sentences in passive voice, the subject comes after the verb.<\/li>\n<\/ul><h3>Key Terms<\/h3>\n<dl class=\"key_terms\"><dt>subject noun<\/dt>\n<dd><p>Completes the action(s) in a sentence.<\/p><\/dd>\n<dt>object noun<\/dt>\n<dd><p>Receives the action in a sentence or answers the question \"to whom\/what?\" or \"for whom\/what?\"<\/p><\/dd>\n<\/dl><h2>\n<\/h2><p>\n<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>Nouns can take on two different roles in a sentence: they can be subjects or  objects. Understanding subjects and objects simply means understanding who (or what) performed an action, and who (or what) was affected by that action.<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><h1>Identifying Subjects<\/h1><p>In a sentence, the subject completes the action. The subjects are italicized in the examples below:<\/p><ul><li>\n<em>Mary<\/em> drew a  picture for her mother.\u00a0<\/li>\n  <li>\n<em>Lions<\/em> eat many animals, such as rabbits.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>The subject does not have to be a person or animal\u2014it can also be an inanimate object:\u00a0<\/p><p>\n<\/p><ul><li>\n<em>The coffee <\/em>let off steam.\u00a0<\/li>\n  <li>\n<em>The cu<\/em>p is on the table.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Note that the subject includes not just the noun, but also the article (e.g., the, a, an) that goes along with it.<\/p><h1>Identifying Objects<\/h1><h1>\n\n<\/h1><p>An object is the recipient of an action. There are two types of object: direct and indirect.\u00a0<\/p><h2>Direct Objects<\/h2><p>\n\n<\/p><p>In a sentence, the direct object receives the action of the subject. See the italicized direct objects in the examples below:<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><ul><li>Mary drew <em>a picture<\/em>.<\/li>\n  <li>The tiger chased <em>the bunny<\/em>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><h2>Indirect Objects<\/h2><p>In a sentence, the indirect object answers the question \"to whom or what?\" or \"for whom or what?\" See the italicized indirect objects in the examples below.<\/p><ul><li>Mary drew a picture for <em>her mother<\/em>.<\/li>\n  <li>Bill threw the ball to <em>his sister<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><div class=\"atom__components__figure\">\n  <div class=\"atom__components__figure__cont\">\n    <img class=\"atom__components__figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1859\/2017\/05\/04162524\/media_31613_medium.jpeg\" alt=\"Sign\"\/><div class=\"atom__components__document\">\n      <h2>Sign<\/h2>\n      <p>In this sign saying \"Do not feed the coyotes\", are  coyotes the subject, the object, or the indirect object? (Answer: They are the direct object.)<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><h2>Identifying Indirect Objects without a Preposition<\/h2><p>Sometimes direct object and indirect object cannot be identified by word order alone\u2014and there is not always a \"to\" or \"for\" to make it clear:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>The boy fed the dog a bone.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>To correctly identify the indirect object, ask yourself which part of the sentence would answer the question \"to\/for whom or what?\"\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>\"The boy fed a bone <em>to the dog<\/em>.\"\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Phrased this way, it becomes clear that the dog is the indirect object and the bone is the direct object.<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><h1>\n\nIdentifying Subject and Object in\nthe Active Voice<\/h1><p>\n\n<\/p><p>If a sentence is written in the\nactive voice, it means that the subject comes before the verb, and the\nobject follows the verb. All of the examples above are written in the active\nvoice.\u00a0<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>A simple way to identify whether a\nnoun is a subject or an object in an active-voice sentence is to note where it\nis in the sentence. If the noun precedes the verb, it is the subject. If it\nfollows the verb, it is the object. See the examples below:<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><ul><li>The alien landed the spaceship. (\u201cThe alien\u201d is\nthe subject and \u201cthe spaceship\u201d is the direct object.)\u00a0<\/li>\n  <li>Mathilda ate the sandwich. (\u201cMathilda\u201d is the\nsubject and \u201cthe sandwich\u201d is the direct object.)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>\n\n<\/p><h1>Identifying Subject and Object in\nthe Passive Voice<\/h1><p>\n\n<\/p><p>In passive-voice sentences, the usual rules do not apply. Rather, we need to look at word order to find the subject and object. In a passive-voice sentence, keep in mind that the order will be <em>subject\u2013verb phrase\u2013object. <\/em>See the following examples.<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><ul><li>The sandwich <em>was<\/em> eaten <em>by<\/em> Mathilda. (\u201cThe\nsandwich\u201d is the subject and \u201cMathilda\u201d is the object.)<\/li>\n  <li>The spaceship <em>was<\/em> steered <em>by <\/em>the alien. (\u201cThe\nspaceship\u201d is the subject and \u201cthe alien\u201d is the object.)<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>In the passive voice, a noun coming after the word \"by\" is an object, while a noun coming before a form of the verb \"to be\" (e.g., \"was\") is the subject. Note the italicized words in the examples above.<\/p><h1>Verb Types and Objects<\/h1><p>Not all verbs require objects. A verb that requires an object is called a transitive verb:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>She wants cake.<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>Without the object \"cake,\" the sentence is incomplete and doesn't make sense. What does she want?\u00a0<\/p><p>A verb that does not require an object is called an intransitive verb:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>I slept.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><p>With an intransitive verb, the sentence is complete with the subject and verb alone.<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p>\n\n<\/p>\n\n<h3>Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul><li>\nNouns as Subjects and Objects\n<ul><li><div class=\"attribution\">\n\"Boundless.\" \n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.boundless.com\/\">http:\/\/www.boundless.com\/<\/a>. \n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Boundless Learning<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>. \n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div class=\"attribution\">\n\"subject pronoun.\" \n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/subject_pronoun\">http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/subject_pronoun<\/a>. \n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wiktionary<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>. \n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div class=\"attribution\">\n\"Object pronoun.\" \n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/object%20pronoun\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/object%20pronoun<\/a>. \n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wikipedia<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>. \n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><div class=\"attribution\">\n\"No_Feeding.jpg.\" \n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coyote%23\/media\/File:No_Feeding.jpg\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coyote%23\/media\/File:No_Feeding.jpg<\/a>. \n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wikipedia<\/span>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>. \n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<h1 id=\"section_289\">4.2: Nouns<\/h1>\n<h2 id=\"concept_154\">4.2.1: Nouns as Subjects and Objects<\/h2>\n<p>&lt;!&#8211;<br \/>\ngid:\/\/boundless\/Atom\/757<br \/>\n&#8211;&gt;<\/p>\n<div class=\"brief\">\n<p>Nouns can be either the subject or object of sentences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Learning Objective<\/h3>\n<p>Identify whether a noun functions as a subject or object<\/p>\n<h3>Key Points<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The subject of a sentence completes the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n<li>The direct object of the sentence receives the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n<li>The indirect object of the sentence answers the question &#8220;to whom\/what?&#8221; or &#8220;for whom\/what?&#8221; for the action of the sentence.<\/li>\n<li>For sentences in active voice, the subject comes before the verb.<\/li>\n<li>For sentences in passive voice, the subject comes after the verb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Key Terms<\/h3>\n<dl class=\"key_terms\">\n<dt>subject noun<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<p>Completes the action(s) in a sentence.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n<dt>object noun<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<p>Receives the action in a sentence or answers the question &#8220;to whom\/what?&#8221; or &#8220;for whom\/what?&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<h2>\n<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>Nouns can take on two different roles in a sentence: they can be subjects or  objects. Understanding subjects and objects simply means understanding who (or what) performed an action, and who (or what) was affected by that action.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h1>Identifying Subjects<\/h1>\n<p>In a sentence, the subject completes the action. The subjects are italicized in the examples below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>Mary<\/em> drew a  picture for her mother.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>Lions<\/em> eat many animals, such as rabbits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The subject does not have to be a person or animal\u2014it can also be an inanimate object:\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<em>The coffee <\/em>let off steam.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\n<em>The cu<\/em>p is on the table.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note that the subject includes not just the noun, but also the article (e.g., the, a, an) that goes along with it.<\/p>\n<h1>Identifying Objects<\/h1>\n<h1>\n<\/h1>\n<p>An object is the recipient of an action. There are two types of object: direct and indirect.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Direct Objects<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>In a sentence, the direct object receives the action of the subject. See the italicized direct objects in the examples below:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mary drew <em>a picture<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>The tiger chased <em>the bunny<\/em>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Indirect Objects<\/h2>\n<p>In a sentence, the indirect object answers the question &#8220;to whom or what?&#8221; or &#8220;for whom or what?&#8221; See the italicized indirect objects in the examples below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mary drew a picture for <em>her mother<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Bill threw the ball to <em>his sister<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"atom__components__figure\">\n<div class=\"atom__components__figure__cont\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"atom__components__figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1859\/2017\/05\/04162524\/media_31613_medium.jpeg\" alt=\"Sign\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"atom__components__document\">\n<h2>Sign<\/h2>\n<p>In this sign saying &#8220;Do not feed the coyotes&#8221;, are  coyotes the subject, the object, or the indirect object? (Answer: They are the direct object.)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Identifying Indirect Objects without a Preposition<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes direct object and indirect object cannot be identified by word order alone\u2014and there is not always a &#8220;to&#8221; or &#8220;for&#8221; to make it clear:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The boy fed the dog a bone.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To correctly identify the indirect object, ask yourself which part of the sentence would answer the question &#8220;to\/for whom or what?&#8221;\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;The boy fed a bone <em>to the dog<\/em>.&#8221;\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phrased this way, it becomes clear that the dog is the indirect object and the bone is the direct object.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h1>\n<p>Identifying Subject and Object in<br \/>\nthe Active Voice<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n<p>If a sentence is written in the<br \/>\nactive voice, it means that the subject comes before the verb, and the<br \/>\nobject follows the verb. All of the examples above are written in the active<br \/>\nvoice.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>A simple way to identify whether a<br \/>\nnoun is a subject or an object in an active-voice sentence is to note where it<br \/>\nis in the sentence. If the noun precedes the verb, it is the subject. If it<br \/>\nfollows the verb, it is the object. See the examples below:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The alien landed the spaceship. (\u201cThe alien\u201d is<br \/>\nthe subject and \u201cthe spaceship\u201d is the direct object.)\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Mathilda ate the sandwich. (\u201cMathilda\u201d is the<br \/>\nsubject and \u201cthe sandwich\u201d is the direct object.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Identifying Subject and Object in<br \/>\nthe Passive Voice<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n<p>In passive-voice sentences, the usual rules do not apply. Rather, we need to look at word order to find the subject and object. In a passive-voice sentence, keep in mind that the order will be <em>subject\u2013verb phrase\u2013object. <\/em>See the following examples.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The sandwich <em>was<\/em> eaten <em>by<\/em> Mathilda. (\u201cThe<br \/>\nsandwich\u201d is the subject and \u201cMathilda\u201d is the object.)<\/li>\n<li>The spaceship <em>was<\/em> steered <em>by <\/em>the alien. (\u201cThe<br \/>\nspaceship\u201d is the subject and \u201cthe alien\u201d is the object.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the passive voice, a noun coming after the word &#8220;by&#8221; is an object, while a noun coming before a form of the verb &#8220;to be&#8221; (e.g., &#8220;was&#8221;) is the subject. Note the italicized words in the examples above.<\/p>\n<h1>Verb Types and Objects<\/h1>\n<p>Not all verbs require objects. A verb that requires an object is called a transitive verb:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She wants cake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Without the object &#8220;cake,&#8221; the sentence is incomplete and doesn&#8217;t make sense. What does she want?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A verb that does not require an object is called an intransitive verb:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I slept.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With an intransitive verb, the sentence is complete with the subject and verb alone.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\nNouns as Subjects and Objects<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n&#8220;Boundless.&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.boundless.com\/\">http:\/\/www.boundless.com\/<\/a>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Boundless Learning<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n&#8220;subject pronoun.&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/subject_pronoun\">http:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/subject_pronoun<\/a>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wiktionary<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n&#8220;Object pronoun.&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/object%20pronoun\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/object%20pronoun<\/a>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wikipedia<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n&#8220;No_Feeding.jpg.&#8221;<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coyote%23\/media\/File:No_Feeding.jpg\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coyote%23\/media\/File:No_Feeding.jpg<\/a>.<br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution-name\">Wikipedia<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-70","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":228,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/revisions\/202"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/228"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/70\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=70"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/boundlesswriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}