{"id":23,"date":"2015-07-29T12:12:26","date_gmt":"2015-07-29T12:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/intlbusx1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=23"},"modified":"2017-01-09T19:23:52","modified_gmt":"2017-01-09T19:23:52","slug":"who-is-interested-in-international-business","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/chapter\/who-is-interested-in-international-business\/","title":{"raw":"Reading: Who Is Interested in International Business?","rendered":"Reading: Who Is Interested in International Business?"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Know the definition of international business.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Know who has an interest in international business.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Understand what a stakeholder is and why stakeholder analysis might be important in the study of international business.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Recognize that an organization\u2019s stakeholders include more than its suppliers and customers.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">The Stakeholders<\/h2>\r\nAs you now know, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">international business<\/em> refers to a broad set of entities and activities. But who cares about international business in the first place? To answer this question, let\u2019s discuss stakeholders and stakeholder analysis. A <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">stakeholder<\/span><\/span> is an individual or organization whose interests may be affected as the result of what another individual or organization does.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_019\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Mason Carpenter, Talya Bauer, and Berrin Erdogan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Principles of Management<\/em> (Nyack, NY: <a href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/attribution.html?utm_source=inline\">Unnamed Publisher<\/a>, 2009), accessed January 5, 2011, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gone.2012books.lardbucket.org\/printed-book\/127834\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.gone.2012books.lardbucket.org\/printed-book\/127834<\/a>[\/footnote].<\/span> <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Stakeholder analysis<\/span><\/span> is a technique you use to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of your activity, project, or business. In the context of what you are learning here, individuals or organizations will have an interest in international business if it affects them in some way\u2014positively or negatively.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_020\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Management Sciences for Health and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, \u201cStakeholder Analysis,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Guide to Managing for Quality<\/em>, 1998, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/erc.msh.org\/quality\/ittools\/itstkan.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/erc.msh.org\/quality\/ittools\/itstkan.cfm<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span> That is, they have something important at stake as a result of some aspect of international business.\r\n\r\nObviously, Google and its managers need to understand international business because they do business in many countries outside their home country. A little more than half the company\u2019s revenues come from outside the United States.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_021\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]\u201cGoogle Announces First Quarter 2009 Results,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Google Investor Relations<\/em>, April 16, 2009, accessed January 25, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/investor.google.com\/releases\/2009Q1_google_earnings.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/investor.google.com\/releases\/2009Q1_google_earnings.html<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span> Does this mean that international business wouldn\u2019t be relevant to Google if it only produced and sold its products in one country? Absolutely not! Factors of international business would still affect Google\u2014through any supplies it buys from foreign suppliers, as well as the possible impact of foreign competitors that threaten to take business from Google in its home markets. Even if these factors were not present, Google could still be affected by price swings\u2014for instance, in the international prices of computer parts, even if they bought those parts from US suppliers. After all, the prices of some of the commodities used to make those parts are determined globally, not locally. Beyond its involvement in web advertising, which requires massive investments in computer-server farms around the world, Google is increasingly active in other products and services\u2014for example, cell phones and the operating systems they use.\r\n\r\nSo far, this chapter has covered only how a business and its managers should understand international business, regardless of whether their organization sells or produces products or services across borders. Who else might be an international business stakeholder beyond Google and its management? First, Google is likely to have to pay taxes, right? It probably pays sales taxes in markets where it sells its products, as well as property and payroll taxes in countries where it has production facilities. Each of these governmental stakeholders has an important economic interest in Google. Moreover, in many countries, the government is responsible for protecting the environment. Google\u2019s large computer-server farms consume energy and generate waste, and its products (e.g., cell phones) come in disposable packaging, thus impacting the environment in places where they are manufactured and sold.\r\n\r\nBeyond the company and governments, other stakeholder groups might include industry associations, trade groups, suppliers, and labor. For instance, you\u2019ve already learned that Google is an Internet search-engine company, so it could be a member of various computer-related industry associations. Labor is also a stakeholder. This can include not only the people immediately employed by a business like Google but also contract workers or workers who will lose or gain employment opportunities depending on where Google chooses to produce and sell its products and services.\r\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Did You Know?<\/h3>\r\nFrom our opening case, you\u2019ve learned a little about how different countries deal with personal privacy. At about the same time Google was experiencing difficulty protecting individuals\u2019 privacy in China, its managers in Italy were being convicted of violating consumer-privacy laws. Google executives had been accused of breaking Italian law by allowing a video clip of four boys bullying another child to be posted online.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_022\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]\u201cGoogle Bosses Convicted in Italy,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">BBC News<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8533695.stm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8533695.stm<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span> The video had originally been posted by the boys themselves and Google removed the video when Italy\u2019s Interior Ministry requested its removal.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_023\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]J. R. Raphael, \u201cItaly\u2019s Google Convictions Set a Dangerous Precedent,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190191\/italys_google_convictions_set_a_dangerous_precedent.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190191\/italys_google_convictions_set_a_dangerous_precedent.html<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span> The three Google executives were absolved of the defamation charges but convicted of privacy violations.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_024\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Colleen Barry, \u201cThree Google Employees Convicted in Italian Court of Privacy Violations,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Associated Press<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cleveland.com\/world\/index.ssf\/2010\/02\/three_google_employees_convict.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cleveland.com\/world\/index.ssf\/2010\/02\/three_google_employees_convict.html<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span> Google said that the conviction of its top Italian managers \u201cattacks the \u2018principles of freedom\u2019 of the Internet and poses a serious threat to the web.[footnote]\u201d<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_025\" class=\"im_footnote\">Paul McNamara, \u201cConviction of Google Execs in Italy Sheer Madness,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190125\/conviction_of_google_execs_in_italy_sheer_madness.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190125\/conviction_of_google_execs_in_italy_sheer_madness.html<\/a>.<\/span>[\/footnote]<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_025\" class=\"im_footnote\"><\/span> Following the conviction, several privacy advocates stepped up to speak out in Google\u2019s defense\u2014a position quite contrary to their typical stances in Google privacy stories.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_026\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Jaikumar Vijayan, \u201cConviction of Google Execs Alarms Privacy Advocates,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190175\/conviction_of_google_execs_alarms_privacy_advocates.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190175\/conviction_of_google_execs_alarms_privacy_advocates.html<\/a>.[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_n02\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Beyond yourself, as an international business student and future international business person, you can identify the people and organizations that might have an interest in international business if their interests are affected now or in the future by it. Such international business stakeholders include employees, managers, businesses, governments, and nongovernmental organizations.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Stakeholder analysis is a technique used to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of an activity, project, or business.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises[footnote](AACSB: Reflective Thinking, Analytical Skills)[\/footnote]<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>What is a stakeholder?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Why is stakeholder analysis important in international business?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Know the definition of international business.<\/li>\n<li>Know who has an interest in international business.<\/li>\n<li>Understand what a stakeholder is and why stakeholder analysis might be important in the study of international business.<\/li>\n<li>Recognize that an organization\u2019s stakeholders include more than its suppliers and customers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">The Stakeholders<\/h2>\n<p>As you now know, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">international business<\/em> refers to a broad set of entities and activities. But who cares about international business in the first place? To answer this question, let\u2019s discuss stakeholders and stakeholder analysis. A <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">stakeholder<\/span><\/span> is an individual or organization whose interests may be affected as the result of what another individual or organization does.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_019\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Mason Carpenter, Talya Bauer, and Berrin Erdogan, Principles of Management (Nyack, NY: Unnamed Publisher, 2009), accessed January 5, 2011, http:\/\/www.gone.2012books.lardbucket.org\/printed-book\/127834\" id=\"return-footnote-23-1\" href=\"#footnote-23-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span> <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Stakeholder analysis<\/span><\/span> is a technique you use to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of your activity, project, or business. In the context of what you are learning here, individuals or organizations will have an interest in international business if it affects them in some way\u2014positively or negatively.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_020\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Management Sciences for Health and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, \u201cStakeholder Analysis,\u201d The Guide to Managing for Quality, 1998, accessed November 21, 2010, http:\/\/erc.msh.org\/quality\/ittools\/itstkan.cfm.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-2\" href=\"#footnote-23-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> That is, they have something important at stake as a result of some aspect of international business.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, Google and its managers need to understand international business because they do business in many countries outside their home country. A little more than half the company\u2019s revenues come from outside the United States.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_021\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201cGoogle Announces First Quarter 2009 Results,\u201d Google Investor Relations, April 16, 2009, accessed January 25, 2010, http:\/\/investor.google.com\/releases\/2009Q1_google_earnings.html.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-3\" href=\"#footnote-23-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Does this mean that international business wouldn\u2019t be relevant to Google if it only produced and sold its products in one country? Absolutely not! Factors of international business would still affect Google\u2014through any supplies it buys from foreign suppliers, as well as the possible impact of foreign competitors that threaten to take business from Google in its home markets. Even if these factors were not present, Google could still be affected by price swings\u2014for instance, in the international prices of computer parts, even if they bought those parts from US suppliers. After all, the prices of some of the commodities used to make those parts are determined globally, not locally. Beyond its involvement in web advertising, which requires massive investments in computer-server farms around the world, Google is increasingly active in other products and services\u2014for example, cell phones and the operating systems they use.<\/p>\n<p>So far, this chapter has covered only how a business and its managers should understand international business, regardless of whether their organization sells or produces products or services across borders. Who else might be an international business stakeholder beyond Google and its management? First, Google is likely to have to pay taxes, right? It probably pays sales taxes in markets where it sells its products, as well as property and payroll taxes in countries where it has production facilities. Each of these governmental stakeholders has an important economic interest in Google. Moreover, in many countries, the government is responsible for protecting the environment. Google\u2019s large computer-server farms consume energy and generate waste, and its products (e.g., cell phones) come in disposable packaging, thus impacting the environment in places where they are manufactured and sold.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond the company and governments, other stakeholder groups might include industry associations, trade groups, suppliers, and labor. For instance, you\u2019ve already learned that Google is an Internet search-engine company, so it could be a member of various computer-related industry associations. Labor is also a stakeholder. This can include not only the people immediately employed by a business like Google but also contract workers or workers who will lose or gain employment opportunities depending on where Google chooses to produce and sell its products and services.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Did You Know?<\/h3>\n<p>From our opening case, you\u2019ve learned a little about how different countries deal with personal privacy. At about the same time Google was experiencing difficulty protecting individuals\u2019 privacy in China, its managers in Italy were being convicted of violating consumer-privacy laws. Google executives had been accused of breaking Italian law by allowing a video clip of four boys bullying another child to be posted online.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_022\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201cGoogle Bosses Convicted in Italy,\u201d BBC News, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8533695.stm.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-4\" href=\"#footnote-23-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> The video had originally been posted by the boys themselves and Google removed the video when Italy\u2019s Interior Ministry requested its removal.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_023\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"J. R. Raphael, \u201cItaly\u2019s Google Convictions Set a Dangerous Precedent,\u201d PCWorld, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190191\/italys_google_convictions_set_a_dangerous_precedent.html.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-5\" href=\"#footnote-23-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> The three Google executives were absolved of the defamation charges but convicted of privacy violations.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_024\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Colleen Barry, \u201cThree Google Employees Convicted in Italian Court of Privacy Violations,\u201d Associated Press, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, http:\/\/www.cleveland.com\/world\/index.ssf\/2010\/02\/three_google_employees_convict.html.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-6\" href=\"#footnote-23-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Google said that the conviction of its top Italian managers \u201cattacks the \u2018principles of freedom\u2019 of the Internet and poses a serious threat to the web.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201dPaul McNamara, \u201cConviction of Google Execs in Italy Sheer Madness,\u201d PCWorld, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190125\/conviction_of_google_execs_in_italy_sheer_madness.html.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-7\" href=\"#footnote-23-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_025\" class=\"im_footnote\"><\/span> Following the conviction, several privacy advocates stepped up to speak out in Google\u2019s defense\u2014a position quite contrary to their typical stances in Google privacy stories.<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_026\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Jaikumar Vijayan, \u201cConviction of Google Execs Alarms Privacy Advocates,\u201d PCWorld, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190175\/conviction_of_google_execs_alarms_privacy_advocates.html.\" id=\"return-footnote-23-8\" href=\"#footnote-23-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_n02\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>Beyond yourself, as an international business student and future international business person, you can identify the people and organizations that might have an interest in international business if their interests are affected now or in the future by it. Such international business stakeholders include employees, managers, businesses, governments, and nongovernmental organizations.<\/li>\n<li>Stakeholder analysis is a technique used to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of an activity, project, or business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"(AACSB: Reflective Thinking, Analytical Skills)\" id=\"return-footnote-23-9\" href=\"#footnote-23-9\" aria-label=\"Footnote 9\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fwk-168388-ch01_s02_s01_l02\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>What is a stakeholder?<\/li>\n<li>Why is stakeholder analysis important in international business?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-23-1\">Mason Carpenter, Talya Bauer, and Berrin Erdogan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Principles of Management<\/em> (Nyack, NY: <a href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/attribution.html?utm_source=inline\">Unnamed Publisher<\/a>, 2009), accessed January 5, 2011, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gone.2012books.lardbucket.org\/printed-book\/127834\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.gone.2012books.lardbucket.org\/printed-book\/127834<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-2\">Management Sciences for Health and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, \u201cStakeholder Analysis,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Guide to Managing for Quality<\/em>, 1998, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/erc.msh.org\/quality\/ittools\/itstkan.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/erc.msh.org\/quality\/ittools\/itstkan.cfm<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-3\">\u201cGoogle Announces First Quarter 2009 Results,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Google Investor Relations<\/em>, April 16, 2009, accessed January 25, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/investor.google.com\/releases\/2009Q1_google_earnings.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/investor.google.com\/releases\/2009Q1_google_earnings.html<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-4\">\u201cGoogle Bosses Convicted in Italy,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">BBC News<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8533695.stm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/8533695.stm<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-5\">J. R. Raphael, \u201cItaly\u2019s Google Convictions Set a Dangerous Precedent,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190191\/italys_google_convictions_set_a_dangerous_precedent.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190191\/italys_google_convictions_set_a_dangerous_precedent.html<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-6\">Colleen Barry, \u201cThree Google Employees Convicted in Italian Court of Privacy Violations,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Associated Press<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed November 21, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cleveland.com\/world\/index.ssf\/2010\/02\/three_google_employees_convict.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.cleveland.com\/world\/index.ssf\/2010\/02\/three_google_employees_convict.html<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-7\">\u201d<span id=\"fwk-carpibus-fn01_025\" class=\"im_footnote\">Paul McNamara, \u201cConviction of Google Execs in Italy Sheer Madness,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190125\/conviction_of_google_execs_in_italy_sheer_madness.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190125\/conviction_of_google_execs_in_italy_sheer_madness.html<\/a>.<\/span> <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-8\">Jaikumar Vijayan, \u201cConviction of Google Execs Alarms Privacy Advocates,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">PCWorld<\/em>, February 24, 2010, accessed April 5, 2010, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190175\/conviction_of_google_execs_alarms_privacy_advocates.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pcworld.com\/article\/190175\/conviction_of_google_execs_alarms_privacy_advocates.html<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-23-9\">(AACSB: Reflective Thinking, Analytical Skills) <a href=\"#return-footnote-23-9\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 9\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-23","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":567,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions\/567"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-internationalbusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}