{"id":100,"date":"2015-07-29T22:34:21","date_gmt":"2015-07-29T22:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/salesx17xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=100"},"modified":"2015-07-29T22:35:14","modified_gmt":"2015-07-29T22:35:14","slug":"researching-your-prospect-going-deeper","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/chapter\/researching-your-prospect-going-deeper\/","title":{"raw":"Researching Your Prospect: Going Deeper","rendered":"Researching Your Prospect: Going Deeper"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Explain how to research a qualified prospect and list resources to conduct prospect research.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nSpring break is just around the corner. You and your friends definitely want to go away somewhere great. You decide on Canc\u00fan, Mexico, as a destination. Since you want to get the best plane fare and hotel rate, you will have to book early. That means planning, coordinating, and even doing some research on the area. You want everything to be perfect\u2014after all, this is spring break.\r\n\r\nJust as preparation made your spring break trip come together perfectly, preparation also makes a sales call successful. By now you\u2019ve identified and qualified your prospects, you\u2019ve come up with an action plan, and you\u2019re probably eager to get down to business. However, you can\u2019t just call your prospect or show up at his door without doing your homework first. How big is his business? What are his business goals? What is his company culture? Is he already doing business with any of your competitors? In what ways do your products or services present a solution he could use? The preapproach, or the process of finding out the answers to these questions, is critical.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_001\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Neil Rakham, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The SPIN Selling Fieldbook<\/em> (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996), 39.[\/footnote]<\/span> Doing your research and coming prepared gets your prospect\u2019s attention and shows him that you care. It gives you the power to sell adaptively and puts you ahead of your competitors.\r\n\r\nKeep in mind that when someone ultimately decides to do business with you, he is trusting you with one of the things that\u2019s most important to him\u2014his money. Furthermore, he is trusting in you above all other people and companies to help him with his challenges. Consider that your company is using personal selling because customers want additional information or customization of the product or service in order to make a decision. People only buy from people they trust.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_002\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]C. J. Ng, \u201cCustomers Don\u2019t Buy from People They Like, They Buy from Those They Trust,\u201d EzineArticles, August 7, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/ezinearticles.com\/?Customers-Dont-Buy-From-People-They-Like,-They-Buy-From-Those-They-Trust&amp;#38;id=1391175\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ezinearticles.com\/?Customers- Dont-Buy-From-People-They-Like,-They-Buy-From-Those-They-Trust&amp;#38;id=1391175<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> You have to earn that trust every day. The first step starts here: how well are you prepared to earn his respect and trust?\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Gather Information<\/h2>\r\nBy the time you\u2019re ready for the preapproach, you\u2019ve already done some initial research as part of the qualifying process. With the preapproach, you take your research to the next level; you find out as much as you possibly can about the company or individual with whom you want to do business. As marketing and strategy expert Noel Capon says, a thorough understanding of your prospect\u2019s business processes and challenges gives you the crucial insights you\u2019ll need to offer specific, workable solutions your customers can use. Gathering this information demonstrates personal commitment and boosts your credibility with your prospects.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_003\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Noel Capon, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Key Account Management and Planning<\/em> (New York: The Free Press, 2001), 142.[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\nYour research will pay off whether you\u2019re preparing to contact a new prospect\u2014a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">target account<\/span><\/span>\u2014or whether you\u2019re working with an existing customer. In Chapter 7 \"Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers\", you read that some of your best prospects are the customers you already have. It\u2019s particularly important to identify your <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">key accounts<\/span><\/span>, your current customers who are\u2014or have the potential to be\u2014your most significant sources of sales. Maybe you sell insurance, and you\u2019ve contracted with a large restaurant chain to provide their employee health and dental plan. This key account is one of the largest companies with whom you do business, so you make an extra effort to stay informed about developments that affect this company. You\u2019ve recently received a news alert that due to an unstable economy the restaurant chain has decided to cut employee hours. As a result, many of the staff members are now working part-time and no longer qualify for full health benefits. Based on this information, you call your contact at the company and offer to provide a more flexible and less expensive partial employee benefits package for which their part-time workers could still qualify. You tell her that this solution will serve her company\u2019s need to cut costs and will allow them to retain employees who might otherwise become dissatisfied and leave.\r\n\r\nWhether you\u2019re contacting new or existing customers, it\u2019s important to have your specific call objectives in mind and to clearly map out the information you\u2019ve already gathered about the company so that you can refer to it during the call. You can keep this information organized using a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">precall planning worksheet<\/span><\/span> that lists the key company statistics you\u2019ve identified as part of your research and includes a checklist detailing the purpose of the call: the information you\u2019d like to learn about the company, the solutions or key facts you plan to communicate, and any other goals you hope to achieve. The worksheet doesn\u2019t have to be complex; it can be as straightforward as the sample in Figure 8.1 \"Precall Planning Worksheet\". Your customer relationship management (CRM) or contact management system (CMS) may also provide a place for you to do your precall planning work. A sample precall planning worksheet is shown in Figure 8.1 \"Precall Planning Worksheet\".\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s01_f01\" class=\"im_figure im_large im_editable im_block\">\r\n\r\n<span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Figure 8.1<\/span> Precall Planning Worksheet\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/powerfulselling\/section_11\/8ea127a882e61ae7b58c7a24116d5091.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1236\/2015\/07\/sm_8ea127a882e61ae7b58c7a24116d5091.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nListing your goals in writing before you make a sales call gives you the power to measure the success of your call. Did you get the information you needed? Did you communicate the information you listed in your checklist? If not, how can you adapt your approach and set goals for your next sales call?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Going Deeper with the Fundamentals: What You\u2019ll Want to Know<\/h2>\r\nThe first sales call (or calls) is often an extension of the qualifying process. Even if the company passes initial qualification, as you learn more you might find out that they aren\u2019t your ideal customers after all. You might discover that your contact at the company is about to leave or change positions. Or you might realize that the company\u2019s current situation isn\u2019t one in which they\u2019re willing or able to buy. The following are some things you\u2019ll want to know as you research the company during your preapproach.\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Company<\/h2>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Demographics<\/strong>. Understanding the basics will help you ensure the company fits your ideal prospect profile and allow you to tailor your solution to fit the company\u2019s particular situation. What kind of business is it? How large is the business? How many locations do they have? How many people work for them? Where is the home office located? How many years have they been in business?<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Company news<\/strong>. Tracking company news is another way to discover opportunities for sales. Has the company put out any recent press releases? (You can generally find these on the company Web site in the investor relations, press release, or press room section.) Has the company recently appeared in the news? (Setting up Google News Alerts at <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/alerts\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.google.com\/alerts<\/a> for your current and potential customers will keep you up-to-date on this.)Don\u2019t just read the news; creatively think about what the news is telling you about selling opportunities with a prospect. For example, if you were selling paper goods (cups, lids, straws, bags, cup jackets, napkins, etc.) to coffee shops, you would have read a press release about the test marketing of McCaf\u00e9s several months before the national launch. Then you would have read about the announcement of the national launch a few months before it was planned to occur. These press releases are selling opportunities. You might think it would only be a selling opportunity if you were selling to McDonald\u2019s, but that\u2019s not true. The fact is McDonald\u2019s announced that it was about to expand the market for premium coffee. That\u2019s an opportunity to help your customers and prospects. For example, what if you suggested that your customers and prospects print an advertisement on their bags, napkins, cups, and cup jackets to announce a promotion called \u201cMorning Joe Wake-up Call\u201d? \u201cBuy a cup of coffee every day for ten days and get a free cup of Joe!\u201d This helps increase their sales, which ultimately increases your sales. You could bring this idea to your customer or prospect in advance of the McCaf\u00e9 launch and discuss how your idea can help him build his brand prior to the competitive effort. Now that\u2019s using company news to drive sales.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_004\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Gerry Tabio, \u201cCreative Solutions,\u201d presentation at Greater Media Philadelphia Sales Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, May 14, 2009.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Financial performance<\/strong>. Keeping up-to-date on the company\u2019s financial performance will help you determine whether your prospect is currently able to buy, which might lead you to discover sales opportunities. All publicly held companies are required to post their quarterly earnings on their websites. Generally there will be a link for \u201cinvestors\u201d or \u201cinvestor relations\u201d on the company home page that will take you to financial data, including a recording of the company\u2019s quarterly earnings conference call. It\u2019s a good idea to listen to these conference calls to learn important information about the company\u2019s strategy and financial performance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Link<\/h3>\r\nListen to the Most Current Quarterly Earnings Conference Call for Macy\u2019s\r\n\r\n<a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=84477&amp;p=irol-webcasts\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=84477&amp;p=irol-webcasts<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Company\u2019s Customers<\/h2>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Customer demographics<\/strong>. Are the company\u2019s products used by businesses or individual consumers? If consumers, what age, education, and income level? If businesses, what size and kind of businesses? Knowing the organization\u2019s customer demographics will help you tailor your solution to the company. For instance, if you\u2019re selling clothing designs to Old Navy, knowing that the company appeals to families and that it draws in value-conscious customers, you might send them samples from your more basic and reasonably priced clothing line, rather than your top-of-the-line products or your trendiest designs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Size of customer base<\/strong>. In B2B sales, it\u2019s important to know whether your prospect serves many customers or primarily works with a few large accounts. Microsoft, for example, sells its products to large corporations, but they also deal with individual consumers. Some companies, on the other hand, work with a few large accounts, so their success is very dependent on the success of their key customers. If your prospect is a sporting goods manufacturer that only sells its products to Dick\u2019s Sporting Goods, Dick\u2019s Sporting Goods\u2019 financial performance will affect the performance of your prospect\u2019s business.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l03\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">What customers are saying about your prospect<\/strong>. You can learn a lot about a company by paying attention to its reputation with customers. If the business has a lousy customer service record, they might not treat their vendors well either. This is why it\u2019s worthwhile to read customer reviews as part of your qualifying process. For instance, if you do business with airline companies, you might prefer to fly with <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\/reviews\/trvl-Airlines-US_Canada-Southwest_Airlines\" target=\"_blank\">Southwest<\/a> (whose customer reviews say things like \u201cThis is an airline I\u2019ll use again and again!\u201d) than <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\/content_334421462660\" target=\"_blank\">United Airlines<\/a> (where one reviewer writes, \u201cUnited Airlines hands down has the worst customer service of any company I have ever dealt with\u201d). For large companies, doing a Google search will often bring up customer reviews on the organization, or you can try a Web site like <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\" target=\"_blank\">Epinions<\/a>. For local companies, try searching your regional <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbb.org\" target=\"_blank\">Better Business Bureau (BBB)<\/a> to see if any customer complaints have been filed against the company.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Current Buying Situation<\/h2>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Type of purchase<\/strong>. In Chapter 6 \"Why and How People Buy: The Power of Understanding the Customer\", you learned the different types of buys\u2014straight rebuy, modified rebuy, or strategic alliance. Knowing that information is extremely valuable during your preapproach research. Is the customer making a first-time purchase of the product? (For instance, maybe you\u2019re selling disaster recovery services to a company that has previously lived with the risk of not having their data backed up.) Or will this purchase be a rebuy? Maybe the customer is an interior design firm. The firm already buys paint from a certain supplier but is thinking of making a modified rebuy: purchasing a more environmentally friendly line of paints, either from the same supplier or from someone else (hopefully you!). On the other hand, maybe the design firm is already buying from you and is perfectly happy with the paints and with you as a supplier, so it decides to make a straight rebuy of the same product. It\u2019s also possible that your prospect is considering a strategic alliance with your company in which your organizations would make an agreement to share resources. For example, Pepsi has a strategic alliance with Frontier Airlines in which Frontier agrees that all the soft drinks it serves on board the airline will be Pepsi brand.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_005\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]\u201cFrontier Airlines Partners with Pepsi,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Breaking Travel News<\/em>, January 9, 2003, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.breakingtravelnews.com\/article.php?story=40005018&amp;query=inflight\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.breakingtravelnews.com\/article.php?story=40005018&amp;query=inflight<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> Knowing the type of purchase will help you position your solution to best fit the situation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Competitor\/current provider<\/strong>. If your prospect is already buying from another company, you\u2019ll want to know who your competitor is. What do you know about this company and their products? Most important, what are your competitor\u2019s strengths and weaknesses? Consider the interior design firm that is about to make a rebuy. If you\u2019ve done your research, you might be able to tell the firm, \u201cI know your current supplier offers a high-quality paint product in a wide range of color choices. Our company offers a wide range of color choices, too, and our product consistently gets high reviews. However, unlike your current provider, we also have a line of soy-based paints, which are better for the environment and for your customers\u2019 and employees\u2019 health than the regular latex variety. Using soy-based paints will increase your reputation as a progressive, socially responsible business.\u201d Knowing your prospect\u2019s current supplier gives you the power to favorably position your product by highlighting the things that set you apart from the competition.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Current pricing<\/strong>. If the information is available, find out what your prospect\u2019s current supplier charges for their product or service. This information will give you the edge to competitively position your solution. If you charge less than your competitors, you can highlight your product as a cost-saving alternative. If your products cost more, you might consider offering a discount or other benefit to provide a better solution. On the other hand, if your products are more expensive because they\u2019re of a higher quality, you should emphasize that fact. For example, soy-based paint is generally more expensive than latex paint, but depending on your customer\u2019s needs, the extra cost might be worth the benefits of a healthier, \u201cgreener\u201d product.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03_n01\" class=\"im_video im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Video Clip<\/h3>\r\nPreparation Is Essential\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/IY1ObVnOlzg\r\n\r\nListen to Priya Masih, sales representative at Lupin Pharmaceuticals, talk about how she prepares for a sales call.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s04\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Contact Person<\/h2>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s04_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Title and role in the company<\/strong>. This is basic and essential information to know. It will help you to personalize your communications and will give you a better sense of your business situation. What role does this person have in the buying decision? Are you dealing with an influencer in the organization? Does this contact person have the authority to make a buying decision, or is this person a gatekeeper, a person with whom you must talk in order to get to the decision maker?<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Professional background<\/strong>. How long has this person been at the company, and what positions has he held? What roles has he had at other companies? This information will help you to adapt your communications and solutions to the individual. You can find valuable information on professional social networks such as LinkedIn and Plaxo.com and use it as you prepare your approach and presentation. For instance, you might find out that someone in your network knows the person you are planning to approach and she can provide an entry for you. You might also learn that the person you plan on calling on was previously a buyer at two other companies and usually likes to bring in his previous vendors. If that\u2019s the case, you might adapt your approach to include benefits that you have brought to other buyers who switched to your company.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Personal information<\/strong>. Everyone likes to do business with people they like. Learning what you can about your contact\u2019s family, hobbies, and interests demonstrates that you care about him as an individual and helps you build a relationship with your customer. This is useful information to keep on hand for the opening of the sales call when you want to put your prospect at ease and convince him of your goodwill. And it\u2019s good information to use as follow-up or just to keep in touch. (\u201cI know you are a huge University of Florida fan so I thought you would enjoy this video of the team\u2019s summer training camp.\u201d)<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Essential problem(s) your contact needs to solve<\/strong>. Knowing this information takes you right to the heart of the issue. Maybe your prospect is the marketing manager at the company and has recently been given the task of finding a new breakthrough idea for a promotional product to give away at a major upcoming industry trade show. Or maybe your prospect owns a grocery chain and needs to increase her sales in the frozen food area with organic products. Learning the specific problems your contact faces in his role at the company is the only way you can adapt your solution to meet his needs. The best way to identify your prospect\u2019s problem (or opportunity) is to do extensive research on the company.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Motivation for buying<\/strong>. If your contact is already buying from another supplier, what reasons might he have to start buying from you instead? For instance, is he dissatisfied with the quality of his current provider\u2019s service or the price of the product? If he is satisfied, what value can you bring that provides a reason for him to consider changing suppliers? On the other hand, if this is a first time purchase, what will drive his initial decision to buy?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s05\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About Your Existing Customers<\/h2>\r\nYour current customers are your best prospects. While you might be excited about a new account, make sure you don\u2019t spend so much time and energy on new prospects that you neglect the ones with whom you\u2019ve already established a relationship.\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s05_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Opportunities to expand the relationship<\/strong>. There\u2019s no better place to increase your sales than with your existing customers. They know you and your product or service, you know them and their needs and challenges. So start by leveraging the information you already know about your customer\u2019s business. This is the best way to expand your relationship. For instance, if you have sold fitness equipment to a regional chain of health clubs and you know that it is important for them to minimize maintenance costs and down time, you could target the buyer as a prospect for the new line of weight machines with hydraulics. You could also expand your research and determine how much money the club could save in a year based on the number of machines and include that as part of your presentation. This is establishing your <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">value proposition<\/span><\/span>, what you have to offer that your prospect or customer is willing to pay for.If your customer is using some of your services in combination with your competitor\u2019s services, this is also a sales opportunity: find out how satisfied your customer is with the competitor\u2019s services and see if you can come up with a better solution. (\u201cYou\u2019re currently using our hydraulic weight machines, but I see that you\u2019re buying your exercise machines from this other company. Did you know that we offer treadmills, exercise bikes, and elliptical machines that come with free maintenance and product replacement guarantees?\u201d) If your customer has a contract with this competitor, finding out when the contract expires will help you time your sales call effectively.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_006\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\nAnd what about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">your<\/em> contracts with the customer? If you have a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">service-level agreement (SLA)<\/span><\/span> with the customer, you can leverage this opportunity to strengthen the customer relationship. SLAs define the terms of the service you will provide, and they generally expire after a certain length of time (think about the contract you have with your cell phone provider). Establish open lines of communication to make sure your customer is consistently satisfied with your service. You might discuss expanded service options he can purchase, or you could offer a discount for renewing the contract early. Consider giving a short survey to gauge your customer\u2019s satisfaction level and find out whether there are additional services you might be able to offer her.\r\n\r\nYou can also consider moving into other departments of the organization: use your CRM system to track the organizational structure of the company and find the influencers in other departments. Of course, you can ask your current contacts at the company for referrals of other prospective buyers within the company.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_007\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> Maybe you\u2019re formatting documents for the research branch of the company, but you know the company also has a communications department that puts out brochures, reports, and newsletters. You can scan your CRM database (or look on the company\u2019s Web site) for the names of managers in the communications department and ask your contact in the research department if he could give you a good referral.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Opportunities for synergy<\/strong>. How can you partner with your customer in new ways that will benefit both companies? For instance, maybe there\u2019s an opportunity for a strategic alliance like the one between Pepsi and Frontier Airlines: Frontier buys exclusively from Pepsi, while Pepsi helps promote Frontier. Or are there additional services or products you offer that, used in combination with your customer\u2019s current purchases, would create an even stronger solution? For example, Linksys has its Linksys One program, which offers B2B customers high-speed wireless networks combined with an Internet telephone service and several software services. By combining one company\u2019s software and hardware products and services, customers are able to streamline their work, creating a simpler, more efficient system.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_008\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Shonan Noronha, \u201cThe Joy of Work,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Inc.<\/em>, August 1, 2007, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.inc.com\/sourcebook\/prup\/20070801.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.inc.com\/sourcebook\/prup\/20070801.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> If you can demonstrate potential <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">synergy<\/span><\/span> with an existing customer\u2014that is, collaboration that produces greater results than individual products, services, or parties could produce alone\u2014you have an opportunity to expand your business with that customer.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Sources of Information<\/h2>\r\nWhen you want to dig deeper with your research, you can often return to the same sources you used during the qualifying process and simply get more specific with the information you gather.\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Online searches<\/strong>. Search online databases and directories such as Hoovers and current news stories on Yahoo! Finance, Bloomberg, and other business Web sites (see Chapter 7 \"Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers\" for a complete list of sources for company information) to find out about company demographics and key people in the organization. If you want to learn more detailed information about your contacts in the company, try online professional social networks like LinkedIn.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Business directories<\/strong>. Remember the value of your local library where you can search business directories in print and access some online directories free of charge.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Publicly available contracts<\/strong>. Real estate closings, government contracts, and other vital information that is part of public records can help provide pricing, terms, and other important data that can help you benchmark against the competition and better understand your prospect\u2019s current situation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Trade journals<\/strong>. Trade journals are a good source for learning more about people and companies in your target industry. Making a habit of reading these publications (or subscribing to RSS [Really Simple Syndication] feeds, as described in Chapter 7 \"Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers\") helps keep you up-to-date on developments in these companies and in the industry.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Blogs, social networks, and online forums<\/strong>. These online resources can provide insight about the prospect, the competition, and the environment. Many company employees and executives post regularly about their perceptions and feelings on many topics. These comments can provide valuable insight about the prospect.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Professional organizations<\/strong>. Joining professional organizations (in person and online) can help you build relationships with contacts at your target companies. These organizations also serve as a source for competitive knowledge and for your connection to industry buzz.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn addition to these sources you\u2019ve already used, consider another powerful resource: people. If you\u2019ve already formed a relationship with key people in your target company, you can ask them for referrals to influencers in other departments of the organization. Your contacts at an organization have inside knowledge and will usually be able to tell you whom to talk to if you want to make something happen. If they\u2019re satisfied with the service you\u2019ve been providing, these contacts are often happy to give you the names of others who might be able to use your solutions. Complementary salespeople can also be an excellent source of information about a prospect. For example, if you are selling computer hardware you might find nuggets of information from the person who sells office furniture. You can help each other by sharing insights and information.\r\n\r\nIt might surprise you to know that competitive salespeople can also be a resource. If you\u2019re a member of a professional organization, if you attend conferences or tradeshows, or if you\u2019re simply connected in your community, you\u2019ll probably know competitive salespeople. While your competitor isn\u2019t going to give you the inside scoop on a prospect he\u2019s currently pursuing, he might share some useful insights about companies or people he has worked with in the past. Maybe he used to do business with one of your current contacts and can tell you things to avoid or things that will impress her. (\u201cShe will eat you alive if you don\u2019t have all your information.\u201d) Maybe one of your target companies is an organization he has sold to in the past, and he has some useful advice about the way they work. Never underestimate the power of relationships and networking.\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n\t<li>The preapproach is a critical step that helps you earn your customer\u2019s trust and sell adaptively; this is true whether you are meeting with a new customer\u2014a <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">target account<\/strong>\u2014or an existing customer\u2014one of your <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">key accounts<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Before you make your sales call, you should know the objectives of the meeting. You should record these objectives, along with basic company information, on a <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">precall planning worksheet<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Preapproach research includes information like company demographics, company news, and financial performance to help you discover sales opportunities and go deeper in your qualifying process.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Research the company\u2019s customers, the current buying situation, and your contact person at the company to help you tailor your sales approach.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Research your existing customers to find opportunities for expanding the relationship and creating more sales.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_n02\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Assume you have identified Gap as a prospect for your product line called \u201cGreen\u201d Jeans, blue jeans made with completely recycled materials. You are preparing for a sales call with the denim buyer in the Gap\u2019s home office. What demographic information would you gather about the company during the preapproach stage? What would recent company news tell you in preparation for your sales call? What do current customers think about Gap? What is your value proposition, and how does it fit Gap\u2019s need?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Imagine you work for a company that sells interior design services and acts as an art broker (finding and purchasing artwork to display) for large companies. One of your customers has used your broker services in the past, but you are hoping to expand the relationship. What additional information would you need to know to make a proposal?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Assume you are selling payroll services to small businesses. Identify three pieces of information you would learn about your prospect during your preapproach research and identify the sources where you would find the information.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Imagine that you sell life insurance. Describe how customer demographics can help you with your preapproach research.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Assume you are selling security systems and you have just qualified a prospect, Fine Dining, Inc., that owns a chain of fifteen restaurants in the area. Your contact is Lee Crowan, the operations manager. The corporate office is located in the Willowwood Corporate Center in Willowwood. You have learned that the chain is growing, with expansion to ten new restaurants planned in the next twelve months. You have also learned that security is a major issue since two of the existing restaurants have had break-ins during the past six months. Complete a precall planning worksheet for your upcoming call with Lee Crowan at Fine Dining, Inc.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Assume you are selling financial services to consumers. You have identified a couple in their forties as qualified prospects. They are interested in retirement planning. What are three questions you would ask them during your initial meeting with them?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Explain how to research a qualified prospect and list resources to conduct prospect research.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>Spring break is just around the corner. You and your friends definitely want to go away somewhere great. You decide on Canc\u00fan, Mexico, as a destination. Since you want to get the best plane fare and hotel rate, you will have to book early. That means planning, coordinating, and even doing some research on the area. You want everything to be perfect\u2014after all, this is spring break.<\/p>\n<p>Just as preparation made your spring break trip come together perfectly, preparation also makes a sales call successful. By now you\u2019ve identified and qualified your prospects, you\u2019ve come up with an action plan, and you\u2019re probably eager to get down to business. However, you can\u2019t just call your prospect or show up at his door without doing your homework first. How big is his business? What are his business goals? What is his company culture? Is he already doing business with any of your competitors? In what ways do your products or services present a solution he could use? The preapproach, or the process of finding out the answers to these questions, is critical.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_001\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Neil Rakham, The SPIN Selling Fieldbook (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996), 39.\" id=\"return-footnote-100-1\" href=\"#footnote-100-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Doing your research and coming prepared gets your prospect\u2019s attention and shows him that you care. It gives you the power to sell adaptively and puts you ahead of your competitors.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that when someone ultimately decides to do business with you, he is trusting you with one of the things that\u2019s most important to him\u2014his money. Furthermore, he is trusting in you above all other people and companies to help him with his challenges. Consider that your company is using personal selling because customers want additional information or customization of the product or service in order to make a decision. People only buy from people they trust.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_002\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"C. J. Ng, \u201cCustomers Don\u2019t Buy from People They Like, They Buy from Those They Trust,\u201d EzineArticles, August 7, 2008, http:\/\/ezinearticles.com\/?Customers- Dont-Buy-From-People-They-Like,-They-Buy-From-Those-They-Trust&#38;id=1391175 (accessed July 15, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-100-2\" href=\"#footnote-100-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> You have to earn that trust every day. The first step starts here: how well are you prepared to earn his respect and trust?<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Gather Information<\/h2>\n<p>By the time you\u2019re ready for the preapproach, you\u2019ve already done some initial research as part of the qualifying process. With the preapproach, you take your research to the next level; you find out as much as you possibly can about the company or individual with whom you want to do business. As marketing and strategy expert Noel Capon says, a thorough understanding of your prospect\u2019s business processes and challenges gives you the crucial insights you\u2019ll need to offer specific, workable solutions your customers can use. Gathering this information demonstrates personal commitment and boosts your credibility with your prospects.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_003\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Noel Capon, Key Account Management and Planning (New York: The Free Press, 2001), 142.\" id=\"return-footnote-100-3\" href=\"#footnote-100-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Your research will pay off whether you\u2019re preparing to contact a new prospect\u2014a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">target account<\/span><\/span>\u2014or whether you\u2019re working with an existing customer. In Chapter 7 &#8220;Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers&#8221;, you read that some of your best prospects are the customers you already have. It\u2019s particularly important to identify your <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">key accounts<\/span><\/span>, your current customers who are\u2014or have the potential to be\u2014your most significant sources of sales. Maybe you sell insurance, and you\u2019ve contracted with a large restaurant chain to provide their employee health and dental plan. This key account is one of the largest companies with whom you do business, so you make an extra effort to stay informed about developments that affect this company. You\u2019ve recently received a news alert that due to an unstable economy the restaurant chain has decided to cut employee hours. As a result, many of the staff members are now working part-time and no longer qualify for full health benefits. Based on this information, you call your contact at the company and offer to provide a more flexible and less expensive partial employee benefits package for which their part-time workers could still qualify. You tell her that this solution will serve her company\u2019s need to cut costs and will allow them to retain employees who might otherwise become dissatisfied and leave.<\/p>\n<p>Whether you\u2019re contacting new or existing customers, it\u2019s important to have your specific call objectives in mind and to clearly map out the information you\u2019ve already gathered about the company so that you can refer to it during the call. You can keep this information organized using a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">precall planning worksheet<\/span><\/span> that lists the key company statistics you\u2019ve identified as part of your research and includes a checklist detailing the purpose of the call: the information you\u2019d like to learn about the company, the solutions or key facts you plan to communicate, and any other goals you hope to achieve. The worksheet doesn\u2019t have to be complex; it can be as straightforward as the sample in Figure 8.1 &#8220;Precall Planning Worksheet&#8221;. Your customer relationship management (CRM) or contact management system (CMS) may also provide a place for you to do your precall planning work. A sample precall planning worksheet is shown in Figure 8.1 &#8220;Precall Planning Worksheet&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s01_f01\" class=\"im_figure im_large im_editable im_block\">\n<p><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Figure 8.1<\/span> Precall Planning Worksheet<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com\/powerfulselling\/section_11\/8ea127a882e61ae7b58c7a24116d5091.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1236\/2015\/07\/sm_8ea127a882e61ae7b58c7a24116d5091.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Listing your goals in writing before you make a sales call gives you the power to measure the success of your call. Did you get the information you needed? Did you communicate the information you listed in your checklist? If not, how can you adapt your approach and set goals for your next sales call?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Going Deeper with the Fundamentals: What You\u2019ll Want to Know<\/h2>\n<p>The first sales call (or calls) is often an extension of the qualifying process. Even if the company passes initial qualification, as you learn more you might find out that they aren\u2019t your ideal customers after all. You might discover that your contact at the company is about to leave or change positions. Or you might realize that the company\u2019s current situation isn\u2019t one in which they\u2019re willing or able to buy. The following are some things you\u2019ll want to know as you research the company during your preapproach.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Company<\/h2>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Demographics<\/strong>. Understanding the basics will help you ensure the company fits your ideal prospect profile and allow you to tailor your solution to fit the company\u2019s particular situation. What kind of business is it? How large is the business? How many locations do they have? How many people work for them? Where is the home office located? How many years have they been in business?<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Company news<\/strong>. Tracking company news is another way to discover opportunities for sales. Has the company put out any recent press releases? (You can generally find these on the company Web site in the investor relations, press release, or press room section.) Has the company recently appeared in the news? (Setting up Google News Alerts at <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/alerts\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.google.com\/alerts<\/a> for your current and potential customers will keep you up-to-date on this.)Don\u2019t just read the news; creatively think about what the news is telling you about selling opportunities with a prospect. For example, if you were selling paper goods (cups, lids, straws, bags, cup jackets, napkins, etc.) to coffee shops, you would have read a press release about the test marketing of McCaf\u00e9s several months before the national launch. Then you would have read about the announcement of the national launch a few months before it was planned to occur. These press releases are selling opportunities. You might think it would only be a selling opportunity if you were selling to McDonald\u2019s, but that\u2019s not true. The fact is McDonald\u2019s announced that it was about to expand the market for premium coffee. That\u2019s an opportunity to help your customers and prospects. For example, what if you suggested that your customers and prospects print an advertisement on their bags, napkins, cups, and cup jackets to announce a promotion called \u201cMorning Joe Wake-up Call\u201d? \u201cBuy a cup of coffee every day for ten days and get a free cup of Joe!\u201d This helps increase their sales, which ultimately increases your sales. You could bring this idea to your customer or prospect in advance of the McCaf\u00e9 launch and discuss how your idea can help him build his brand prior to the competitive effort. Now that\u2019s using company news to drive sales.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_004\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Gerry Tabio, \u201cCreative Solutions,\u201d presentation at Greater Media Philadelphia Sales Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, May 14, 2009.\" id=\"return-footnote-100-4\" href=\"#footnote-100-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Financial performance<\/strong>. Keeping up-to-date on the company\u2019s financial performance will help you determine whether your prospect is currently able to buy, which might lead you to discover sales opportunities. All publicly held companies are required to post their quarterly earnings on their websites. Generally there will be a link for \u201cinvestors\u201d or \u201cinvestor relations\u201d on the company home page that will take you to financial data, including a recording of the company\u2019s quarterly earnings conference call. It\u2019s a good idea to listen to these conference calls to learn important information about the company\u2019s strategy and financial performance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s01_n01\" class=\"im_callout im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Link<\/h3>\n<p>Listen to the Most Current Quarterly Earnings Conference Call for Macy\u2019s<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=84477&amp;p=irol-webcasts\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=84477&amp;p=irol-webcasts<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Company\u2019s Customers<\/h2>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Customer demographics<\/strong>. Are the company\u2019s products used by businesses or individual consumers? If consumers, what age, education, and income level? If businesses, what size and kind of businesses? Knowing the organization\u2019s customer demographics will help you tailor your solution to the company. For instance, if you\u2019re selling clothing designs to Old Navy, knowing that the company appeals to families and that it draws in value-conscious customers, you might send them samples from your more basic and reasonably priced clothing line, rather than your top-of-the-line products or your trendiest designs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Size of customer base<\/strong>. In B2B sales, it\u2019s important to know whether your prospect serves many customers or primarily works with a few large accounts. Microsoft, for example, sells its products to large corporations, but they also deal with individual consumers. Some companies, on the other hand, work with a few large accounts, so their success is very dependent on the success of their key customers. If your prospect is a sporting goods manufacturer that only sells its products to Dick\u2019s Sporting Goods, Dick\u2019s Sporting Goods\u2019 financial performance will affect the performance of your prospect\u2019s business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s02_l03\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">What customers are saying about your prospect<\/strong>. You can learn a lot about a company by paying attention to its reputation with customers. If the business has a lousy customer service record, they might not treat their vendors well either. This is why it\u2019s worthwhile to read customer reviews as part of your qualifying process. For instance, if you do business with airline companies, you might prefer to fly with <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\/reviews\/trvl-Airlines-US_Canada-Southwest_Airlines\" target=\"_blank\">Southwest<\/a> (whose customer reviews say things like \u201cThis is an airline I\u2019ll use again and again!\u201d) than <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\/content_334421462660\" target=\"_blank\">United Airlines<\/a> (where one reviewer writes, \u201cUnited Airlines hands down has the worst customer service of any company I have ever dealt with\u201d). For large companies, doing a Google search will often bring up customer reviews on the organization, or you can try a Web site like <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epinions.com\" target=\"_blank\">Epinions<\/a>. For local companies, try searching your regional <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bbb.org\" target=\"_blank\">Better Business Bureau (BBB)<\/a> to see if any customer complaints have been filed against the company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Current Buying Situation<\/h2>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Type of purchase<\/strong>. In Chapter 6 &#8220;Why and How People Buy: The Power of Understanding the Customer&#8221;, you learned the different types of buys\u2014straight rebuy, modified rebuy, or strategic alliance. Knowing that information is extremely valuable during your preapproach research. Is the customer making a first-time purchase of the product? (For instance, maybe you\u2019re selling disaster recovery services to a company that has previously lived with the risk of not having their data backed up.) Or will this purchase be a rebuy? Maybe the customer is an interior design firm. The firm already buys paint from a certain supplier but is thinking of making a modified rebuy: purchasing a more environmentally friendly line of paints, either from the same supplier or from someone else (hopefully you!). On the other hand, maybe the design firm is already buying from you and is perfectly happy with the paints and with you as a supplier, so it decides to make a straight rebuy of the same product. It\u2019s also possible that your prospect is considering a strategic alliance with your company in which your organizations would make an agreement to share resources. For example, Pepsi has a strategic alliance with Frontier Airlines in which Frontier agrees that all the soft drinks it serves on board the airline will be Pepsi brand.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_005\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201cFrontier Airlines Partners with Pepsi,\u201d Breaking Travel News, January 9, 2003, http:\/\/www.breakingtravelnews.com\/article.php?story=40005018&amp;query=inflight (accessed July 15, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-100-5\" href=\"#footnote-100-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Knowing the type of purchase will help you position your solution to best fit the situation.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Competitor\/current provider<\/strong>. If your prospect is already buying from another company, you\u2019ll want to know who your competitor is. What do you know about this company and their products? Most important, what are your competitor\u2019s strengths and weaknesses? Consider the interior design firm that is about to make a rebuy. If you\u2019ve done your research, you might be able to tell the firm, \u201cI know your current supplier offers a high-quality paint product in a wide range of color choices. Our company offers a wide range of color choices, too, and our product consistently gets high reviews. However, unlike your current provider, we also have a line of soy-based paints, which are better for the environment and for your customers\u2019 and employees\u2019 health than the regular latex variety. Using soy-based paints will increase your reputation as a progressive, socially responsible business.\u201d Knowing your prospect\u2019s current supplier gives you the power to favorably position your product by highlighting the things that set you apart from the competition.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Current pricing<\/strong>. If the information is available, find out what your prospect\u2019s current supplier charges for their product or service. This information will give you the edge to competitively position your solution. If you charge less than your competitors, you can highlight your product as a cost-saving alternative. If your products cost more, you might consider offering a discount or other benefit to provide a better solution. On the other hand, if your products are more expensive because they\u2019re of a higher quality, you should emphasize that fact. For example, soy-based paint is generally more expensive than latex paint, but depending on your customer\u2019s needs, the extra cost might be worth the benefits of a healthier, \u201cgreener\u201d product.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s03_n01\" class=\"im_video im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Video Clip<\/h3>\n<p>Preparation Is Essential<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Priya Masih - The Pre-approach\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IY1ObVnOlzg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Listen to Priya Masih, sales representative at Lupin Pharmaceuticals, talk about how she prepares for a sales call.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s04\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About the Contact Person<\/h2>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s04_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Title and role in the company<\/strong>. This is basic and essential information to know. It will help you to personalize your communications and will give you a better sense of your business situation. What role does this person have in the buying decision? Are you dealing with an influencer in the organization? Does this contact person have the authority to make a buying decision, or is this person a gatekeeper, a person with whom you must talk in order to get to the decision maker?<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Professional background<\/strong>. How long has this person been at the company, and what positions has he held? What roles has he had at other companies? This information will help you to adapt your communications and solutions to the individual. You can find valuable information on professional social networks such as LinkedIn and Plaxo.com and use it as you prepare your approach and presentation. For instance, you might find out that someone in your network knows the person you are planning to approach and she can provide an entry for you. You might also learn that the person you plan on calling on was previously a buyer at two other companies and usually likes to bring in his previous vendors. If that\u2019s the case, you might adapt your approach to include benefits that you have brought to other buyers who switched to your company.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Personal information<\/strong>. Everyone likes to do business with people they like. Learning what you can about your contact\u2019s family, hobbies, and interests demonstrates that you care about him as an individual and helps you build a relationship with your customer. This is useful information to keep on hand for the opening of the sales call when you want to put your prospect at ease and convince him of your goodwill. And it\u2019s good information to use as follow-up or just to keep in touch. (\u201cI know you are a huge University of Florida fan so I thought you would enjoy this video of the team\u2019s summer training camp.\u201d)<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Essential problem(s) your contact needs to solve<\/strong>. Knowing this information takes you right to the heart of the issue. Maybe your prospect is the marketing manager at the company and has recently been given the task of finding a new breakthrough idea for a promotional product to give away at a major upcoming industry trade show. Or maybe your prospect owns a grocery chain and needs to increase her sales in the frozen food area with organic products. Learning the specific problems your contact faces in his role at the company is the only way you can adapt your solution to meet his needs. The best way to identify your prospect\u2019s problem (or opportunity) is to do extensive research on the company.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Motivation for buying<\/strong>. If your contact is already buying from another supplier, what reasons might he have to start buying from you instead? For instance, is he dissatisfied with the quality of his current provider\u2019s service or the price of the product? If he is satisfied, what value can you bring that provides a reason for him to consider changing suppliers? On the other hand, if this is a first time purchase, what will drive his initial decision to buy?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s05\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">About Your Existing Customers<\/h2>\n<p>Your current customers are your best prospects. While you might be excited about a new account, make sure you don\u2019t spend so much time and energy on new prospects that you neglect the ones with whom you\u2019ve already established a relationship.<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s02_s05_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Opportunities to expand the relationship<\/strong>. There\u2019s no better place to increase your sales than with your existing customers. They know you and your product or service, you know them and their needs and challenges. So start by leveraging the information you already know about your customer\u2019s business. This is the best way to expand your relationship. For instance, if you have sold fitness equipment to a regional chain of health clubs and you know that it is important for them to minimize maintenance costs and down time, you could target the buyer as a prospect for the new line of weight machines with hydraulics. You could also expand your research and determine how much money the club could save in a year based on the number of machines and include that as part of your presentation. This is establishing your <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">value proposition<\/span><\/span>, what you have to offer that your prospect or customer is willing to pay for.If your customer is using some of your services in combination with your competitor\u2019s services, this is also a sales opportunity: find out how satisfied your customer is with the competitor\u2019s services and see if you can come up with a better solution. (\u201cYou\u2019re currently using our hydraulic weight machines, but I see that you\u2019re buying your exercise machines from this other company. Did you know that we offer treadmills, exercise bikes, and elliptical machines that come with free maintenance and product replacement guarantees?\u201d) If your customer has a contract with this competitor, finding out when the contract expires will help you time your sales call effectively.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_006\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html (accessed July 15, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-100-6\" href=\"#footnote-100-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span>\n<p>And what about <em class=\"im_emphasis\">your<\/em> contracts with the customer? If you have a <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">service-level agreement (SLA)<\/span><\/span> with the customer, you can leverage this opportunity to strengthen the customer relationship. SLAs define the terms of the service you will provide, and they generally expire after a certain length of time (think about the contract you have with your cell phone provider). Establish open lines of communication to make sure your customer is consistently satisfied with your service. You might discuss expanded service options he can purchase, or you could offer a discount for renewing the contract early. Consider giving a short survey to gauge your customer\u2019s satisfaction level and find out whether there are additional services you might be able to offer her.<\/p>\n<p>You can also consider moving into other departments of the organization: use your CRM system to track the organizational structure of the company and find the influencers in other departments. Of course, you can ask your current contacts at the company for referrals of other prospective buyers within the company.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_007\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html (accessed July 15, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-100-7\" href=\"#footnote-100-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Maybe you\u2019re formatting documents for the research branch of the company, but you know the company also has a communications department that puts out brochures, reports, and newsletters. You can scan your CRM database (or look on the company\u2019s Web site) for the names of managers in the communications department and ask your contact in the research department if he could give you a good referral.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Opportunities for synergy<\/strong>. How can you partner with your customer in new ways that will benefit both companies? For instance, maybe there\u2019s an opportunity for a strategic alliance like the one between Pepsi and Frontier Airlines: Frontier buys exclusively from Pepsi, while Pepsi helps promote Frontier. Or are there additional services or products you offer that, used in combination with your customer\u2019s current purchases, would create an even stronger solution? For example, Linksys has its Linksys One program, which offers B2B customers high-speed wireless networks combined with an Internet telephone service and several software services. By combining one company\u2019s software and hardware products and services, customers are able to streamline their work, creating a simpler, more efficient system.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn08_008\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Shonan Noronha, \u201cThe Joy of Work,\u201d Inc., August 1, 2007, http:\/\/www.inc.com\/sourcebook\/prup\/20070801.html (accessed July 15, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-100-8\" href=\"#footnote-100-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> If you can demonstrate potential <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">synergy<\/span><\/span> with an existing customer\u2014that is, collaboration that produces greater results than individual products, services, or parties could produce alone\u2014you have an opportunity to expand your business with that customer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Sources of Information<\/h2>\n<p>When you want to dig deeper with your research, you can often return to the same sources you used during the qualifying process and simply get more specific with the information you gather.<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Online searches<\/strong>. Search online databases and directories such as Hoovers and current news stories on Yahoo! Finance, Bloomberg, and other business Web sites (see Chapter 7 &#8220;Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers&#8221; for a complete list of sources for company information) to find out about company demographics and key people in the organization. If you want to learn more detailed information about your contacts in the company, try online professional social networks like LinkedIn.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Business directories<\/strong>. Remember the value of your local library where you can search business directories in print and access some online directories free of charge.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Publicly available contracts<\/strong>. Real estate closings, government contracts, and other vital information that is part of public records can help provide pricing, terms, and other important data that can help you benchmark against the competition and better understand your prospect\u2019s current situation.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Trade journals<\/strong>. Trade journals are a good source for learning more about people and companies in your target industry. Making a habit of reading these publications (or subscribing to RSS [Really Simple Syndication] feeds, as described in Chapter 7 &#8220;Prospecting and Qualifying: The Power to Identify Your Customers&#8221;) helps keep you up-to-date on developments in these companies and in the industry.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Blogs, social networks, and online forums<\/strong>. These online resources can provide insight about the prospect, the competition, and the environment. Many company employees and executives post regularly about their perceptions and feelings on many topics. These comments can provide valuable insight about the prospect.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Professional organizations<\/strong>. Joining professional organizations (in person and online) can help you build relationships with contacts at your target companies. These organizations also serve as a source for competitive knowledge and for your connection to industry buzz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition to these sources you\u2019ve already used, consider another powerful resource: people. If you\u2019ve already formed a relationship with key people in your target company, you can ask them for referrals to influencers in other departments of the organization. Your contacts at an organization have inside knowledge and will usually be able to tell you whom to talk to if you want to make something happen. If they\u2019re satisfied with the service you\u2019ve been providing, these contacts are often happy to give you the names of others who might be able to use your solutions. Complementary salespeople can also be an excellent source of information about a prospect. For example, if you are selling computer hardware you might find nuggets of information from the person who sells office furniture. You can help each other by sharing insights and information.<\/p>\n<p>It might surprise you to know that competitive salespeople can also be a resource. If you\u2019re a member of a professional organization, if you attend conferences or tradeshows, or if you\u2019re simply connected in your community, you\u2019ll probably know competitive salespeople. While your competitor isn\u2019t going to give you the inside scoop on a prospect he\u2019s currently pursuing, he might share some useful insights about companies or people he has worked with in the past. Maybe he used to do business with one of your current contacts and can tell you things to avoid or things that will impress her. (\u201cShe will eat you alive if you don\u2019t have all your information.\u201d) Maybe one of your target companies is an organization he has sold to in the past, and he has some useful advice about the way they work. Never underestimate the power of relationships and networking.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>The preapproach is a critical step that helps you earn your customer\u2019s trust and sell adaptively; this is true whether you are meeting with a new customer\u2014a <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">target account<\/strong>\u2014or an existing customer\u2014one of your <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">key accounts<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Before you make your sales call, you should know the objectives of the meeting. You should record these objectives, along with basic company information, on a <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">precall planning worksheet<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Preapproach research includes information like company demographics, company news, and financial performance to help you discover sales opportunities and go deeper in your qualifying process.<\/li>\n<li>Research the company\u2019s customers, the current buying situation, and your contact person at the company to help you tailor your sales approach.<\/li>\n<li>Research your existing customers to find opportunities for expanding the relationship and creating more sales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_n02\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch08_s01_s03_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Assume you have identified Gap as a prospect for your product line called \u201cGreen\u201d Jeans, blue jeans made with completely recycled materials. You are preparing for a sales call with the denim buyer in the Gap\u2019s home office. What demographic information would you gather about the company during the preapproach stage? What would recent company news tell you in preparation for your sales call? What do current customers think about Gap? What is your value proposition, and how does it fit Gap\u2019s need?<\/li>\n<li>Imagine you work for a company that sells interior design services and acts as an art broker (finding and purchasing artwork to display) for large companies. One of your customers has used your broker services in the past, but you are hoping to expand the relationship. What additional information would you need to know to make a proposal?<\/li>\n<li>Assume you are selling payroll services to small businesses. Identify three pieces of information you would learn about your prospect during your preapproach research and identify the sources where you would find the information.<\/li>\n<li>Imagine that you sell life insurance. Describe how customer demographics can help you with your preapproach research.<\/li>\n<li>Assume you are selling security systems and you have just qualified a prospect, Fine Dining, Inc., that owns a chain of fifteen restaurants in the area. Your contact is Lee Crowan, the operations manager. The corporate office is located in the Willowwood Corporate Center in Willowwood. You have learned that the chain is growing, with expansion to ten new restaurants planned in the next twelve months. You have also learned that security is a major issue since two of the existing restaurants have had break-ins during the past six months. Complete a precall planning worksheet for your upcoming call with Lee Crowan at Fine Dining, Inc.<\/li>\n<li>Assume you are selling financial services to consumers. You have identified a couple in their forties as qualified prospects. They are interested in retirement planning. What are three questions you would ask them during your initial meeting with them?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Powerful Selling. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Priya Masih - The Pre-approach. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Kim Richmond. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IY1ObVnOlzg\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/IY1ObVnOlzg<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-100-1\">Neil Rakham, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The SPIN Selling Fieldbook<\/em> (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996), 39. <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-2\">C. J. Ng, \u201cCustomers Don\u2019t Buy from People They Like, They Buy from Those They Trust,\u201d EzineArticles, August 7, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/ezinearticles.com\/?Customers-Dont-Buy-From-People-They-Like,-They-Buy-From-Those-They-Trust&amp;#38;id=1391175\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ezinearticles.com\/?Customers- Dont-Buy-From-People-They-Like,-They-Buy-From-Those-They-Trust&amp;#38;id=1391175<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-3\">Noel Capon, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Key Account Management and Planning<\/em> (New York: The Free Press, 2001), 142. <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-4\">Gerry Tabio, \u201cCreative Solutions,\u201d presentation at Greater Media Philadelphia Sales Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, May 14, 2009. <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-5\">\u201cFrontier Airlines Partners with Pepsi,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Breaking Travel News<\/em>, January 9, 2003, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.breakingtravelnews.com\/article.php?story=40005018&amp;query=inflight\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.breakingtravelnews.com\/article.php?story=40005018&amp;query=inflight<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-6\">Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-7\">Marcel Sim, \u201cLeveraging Your CRM System to Expand Your Client Relationships,\u201d Get Entrepreneurial, August 12, 2008, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.getentrepreneurial.com\/customer-service\/leveraging_your_crm_system_to_expand_your_client_relationships.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-100-8\">Shonan Noronha, \u201cThe Joy of Work,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Inc.<\/em>, August 1, 2007, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.inc.com\/sourcebook\/prup\/20070801.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.inc.com\/sourcebook\/prup\/20070801.html<\/a> (accessed July 15, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-100-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Powerful Selling\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Priya Masih - 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