{"id":115,"date":"2015-07-29T23:14:55","date_gmt":"2015-07-29T23:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/salesx17xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=115"},"modified":"2015-07-29T23:14:55","modified_gmt":"2015-07-29T23:14:55","slug":"overcoming-barriers-to-success","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/chapter\/overcoming-barriers-to-success\/","title":{"raw":"Overcoming Barriers to Success","rendered":"Overcoming Barriers to Success"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Identify how to overcome barriers to success in getting an appointment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhen Milton Hershey first opened his candy store in Philadelphia, he had to shut down after six years because he never made enough sales to get the business off the ground. After closing in Philadelphia, he moved to Chicago, then to New Orleans, then to New York, each time failing and starting over again. In fact, it took ten years of rejection and failure before Hershey\u2019s business succeeded. You already know how the story ended for Hershey (now a $5 billion company), but now you also know that the Hershey Chocolate Company wasn\u2019t an overnight success; the business only took off thanks to one salesman\u2019s persistence in the face of failure.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_080\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Evan Carmichael, \u201cHis Secret Recipe: How Hershey Achieved Success,\u201d video, EvanCarmichael.com, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.evancarmichael.com\/Famous-Entrepreneurs\/603\/His-Secret-Recipe-How-Hershey-Achieved-Success.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.evancarmichael.com\/Famous-Entrepreneurs\/603\/His-Secret-Recipe-How-Hershey-Achieved-Success.html<\/a> (accessed August 1, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\nRejection is a reality that all sales professionals have to deal with occasionally, no matter how experienced or skilled they are; it comes with the territory. Prospects will sometimes hang up on you or refuse to see you, and others will listen to your sales approach and then tell you that they aren\u2019t interested in what you have to offer. However, if you approach your sales call with confidence and refuse to take rejection personally, then the possibility of rejection doesn\u2019t have to be a barrier to your success. Do you believe in the value of the solution you are selling? Are you doing your best to ensure that your customer gets what he needs and wants? Then you have every reason to be confident.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_081\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Wendy Weiss, \u201cWhy Are We All so Afraid?\u201d Sales Information, 2004, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sales.net63.net\/1138.php\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sales.net63.net\/1138.php<\/a> (accessed August 1, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> Recognize that it is the <em class=\"im_emphasis\">fear<\/em> of failure, more than anything else, that creates a barrier between a salesperson and a successful sale.\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Overcoming Your Reluctance<\/h2>\r\nSuccessful selling is all about mastering your attitude, and this is especially true when it comes to facing rejection. Sales coach and author Phil Glosserman puts it this way: \u201cThe only person who can reject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">you<\/em> as a salesperson is yourself.\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_082\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010).[\/footnote]<\/span> There are all kinds of reasons why a prospect might give you a \u201cno thanks\u201d response, very few of which have to do with you personally. Your prospect might simply be unwilling or unable to make a purchase at the moment, he might be facing pressures at work that prevent him from giving you his full attention, or he might just be having a bad day. Instead of focusing on the way <em class=\"im_emphasis\">you<\/em> feel (\u201cWhat if he turns me down?\u201d), Glosserman suggests focusing on the way your prospect feels (\u201cHow can I help him get what he wants out of this interaction?\u201d). If you imagine how your customer feels before and during your interaction, you will often find that you forget to feel anxious.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_083\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010).[\/footnote]<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn addition to mastering your attitude, here are a few empowering and practical things you can do to help build confidence (and get a higher rate of yes responses) going into a sales approach:\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li>Be intentional about the language you use when you approach your prospect; don\u2019t use apologetic language or language that conveys uncertainty. For instance, rather than saying \u201c<em class=\"im_emphasis\">If<\/em> you decide to make an appointment,\u201d try a phrasing that conveys greater certainty: \u201c<em class=\"im_emphasis\">When<\/em> you make an appointment\u2026\u201d or \u201cAfter we\u2019ve set up your appointment.\u2026\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_084\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Pittsburgh Business Times<\/em>, February 18, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Before going in to your sales call, practice with some role-plays. Even if it feels artificial at first, keep at it, and take the task seriously. If you practice various selling scenarios enough times with a role-playing partner, you will learn what a confident approach sounds like, and you will feel more prepared to handle the real situation.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_085\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Pittsburgh Business Times<\/em>, February 18, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Don\u2019t procrastinate. \u201cThe longer you procrastinate about something, the larger it becomes in your mind,\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_086\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]BNET Reference Publications, \u201cFacing the Fear of Rejection\u2014Emotional Problem that Can be Devastating to the Success of Sales Representatives,\u201d BNET, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m1272\/is_n2623_v125\/ai_19313504\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m1272\/is_n2623_v125\/ai_19313504<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> so don\u2019t put off a sales call because of nerves. Facing your fears is the best way to overcome them.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Make difficult calls when you have the most energy. This is usually the start of the business day.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_087\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]\u201cTips for Successful Cold Calling,\u201d AllBusiness, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques-telesales\/1355-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques-telesales\/1355-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> Morning sales calls can also be a good time to reach busy prospects before the business day gets into full swing.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Before going into the call, visualize a successful outcome. Phil Glosserman says to \u201cimagine what you <em class=\"im_emphasis\">want<\/em> to feel\u201d during the sales call; think of a situation in your life that made you feel that way and put yourself into that frame of mind.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_088\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010).[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Getting Past the Gatekeepers<\/h2>\r\nSo what do you do if you\u2019ve prepared your opening statement and done your research, but when you make your phone call, it isn\u2019t your prospect who picks up the phone; instead, it\u2019s her assistant, who wants to know who you are, why you are calling, and why you think your prospect should want to talk to you anyway? This is a likely scenario in B2B sales when your prospects are busy executives who don\u2019t have the time to handle every call that comes through their office. If you want to see your prospect, you may have to go through the <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">gatekeeper<\/span><\/span> first. His title might be secretary, assistant, administrative assistant, or executive assistant,<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_089\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> but his role will be the same: keeping unwanted distractions from interrupting his boss\u2019s busy schedule. Salespeople often think of gatekeepers as road blocks\u2014something standing in the way of getting to see the prospect\u2014but if a salesperson treats gatekeepers as obstacles to be overcome, not only is he unlikely to get past them, but he is also missing out on the opportunity to collaborate with people who can be valuable assets to his sale.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_090\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 125.[\/footnote]<\/span> Gatekeepers are human beings (not obstacles) whose jobs are important to the successful running of their organizations. Think of them as part of the selling relationship and treat them with the courtesy and respect with which you would treat your prospect. Lori Richardson, an experienced salesperson and sales trainer, says, \u201cI like to think of a gatekeeper as someone to get to know\u2014a potential new coach into connecting me with my ultimate contact beyond the virtual <em class=\"im_emphasis\">gate<\/em>.\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_091\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009).[\/footnote]<\/span> Gatekeepers are an integral part of the selling relationship for a number of reasons:\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li>They often have valuable knowledge about the internal workings of an organization, including where the power centers are and how decisions get made.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>They are familiar with their boss\u2019s schedule (sometimes even more than their boss is).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>They have a significant say in who gets in to see their boss and in how communications get passed on.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>They can determine how outsiders are represented to their boss. They often influence the first impression because they might tell your prospect <em class=\"im_emphasis\">about<\/em> you before you actually make contact with the prospect.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_092\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 124.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPut yourself in the gatekeeper\u2019s shoes for a minute. You have been answering the phone all day, responding to people who don\u2019t often treat you with much respect, and you get another call:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Salesperson<\/strong>:\r\nHello, this is Camille Martin. Is Maria Gonzalez in her office right now?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:\r\nYes, she\u2019s here, but she\u2019s busy at the moment. Can I ask what you\u2019re calling about?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Salesperson<\/strong>:\r\nI\u2019d like to schedule a meeting to see her. When would be a good time to call back?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:\r\nI\u2019m sorry, but Ms. Gonzalez doesn\u2019t take unsolicited calls.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nNotice that the caller didn\u2019t give the name of her organization or the purpose of her call, even when the gatekeeper asked for more information. She was abrupt with the gatekeeper, so the gatekeeper was abrupt in return. When talking to gatekeepers, give them the information they ask for when they want it.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_093\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 126.[\/footnote]<\/span> Remember that it\u2019s the gatekeeper\u2019s job to find out whether your call is worth his boss\u2019s time, so if you tell him the purpose of your call, you are helping him to see that your call may be valuable.\r\n\r\nLearn the gatekeeper\u2019s name and be friendly. Business writer Susan Ward suggests starting off the conversation by asking \u201cI wonder if you could help me?\u201d as a way to show respect and demonstrate that you see the gatekeeper as part of your selling relationship.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_094\" class=\"im_footnote\">[footnote]Susan Ward, \u201cCold Calling Tips,\u201d About.com, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/sbinfocanada.about.com\/cs\/marketing\/a\/coldcall.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/sbinfocanada.about.com\/cs\/marketing\/a\/coldcall.htm<\/a> (accessed May 16, 2010).[\/footnote]<\/span> If you do this, you won\u2019t <em class=\"im_emphasis\">need<\/em> to get past the gatekeeper; he can often tell you everything you need to know\u2014the name of the right person to talk to or the best time to contact your prospect\u2014or even schedule a meeting for you before you ever interact with your prospect. Finally, when the gatekeeper does give you helpful information, remember to thank her. For extra helpful gatekeepers, you might even consider sending a note or small thank-you gift.\r\n\r\nNow review the approach shown above using a referral as a way to work with the gatekeeper as an ally, rather than view her as a barrier:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">You<\/strong>:\r\nGood morning. My name is Camille Martin and I\u2019m calling from Preston and Preston; we\u2019re a full-service digital photography studio here in Cleveland. I\u2019m following up on a conversation that Jason Kendrick, our company\u2019s CEO had with Maria Gonzalez. I understand she is looking for a partner in the digital photography area. May I speak with her?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:\r\nLet me check and see if she is available. Can you give me your name and company again?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">You<\/strong>:\r\nThank you. I appreciate your help. I\u2019m Camille Martin from Preston and Preston. What\u2019s your name?<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Attitude, especially fear of rejection, can be a barrier to success in approaching your prospect.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Some ways to build confidence and overcome your reluctance include focusing on using language that conveys certainty during the approach, practicing the approach through role-play, making calls at the time of day when you have the most energy, and visualizing a successful outcome.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In B2B sales you may need to get past <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">gatekeepers<\/strong> before you meet your prospect.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Gatekeepers<\/strong> can be your allies if you treat them as part of the selling relationship.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_n02\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\r\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\r\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\r\n\t<li>Think of a time when you succeeded at something you had been reluctant to do. What techniques did you use to help you achieve your goal?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Imagine that you are a sales rep for a logistics company and you want to get an appointment with the COO of a hardware manufacturer. You\u2019ve heard that he can be very difficult to deal with, so you are concerned about calling on him, but he is a large prospect for you. Identify three things that you would do to overcome your reluctance and make the call.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Put yourself in the shoes of an executive assistant at a large corporation. It has been a busy morning, and just after lunchtime a salesperson calls and asks to see your boss. Name three things the salesperson could do or say that would make you more willing to help him.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Assume you are a sales rep for a firm that sells accounting software that can reduce invoice processing time by 15 percent. You want to get a meeting with the chief financial officer of a prospective company, but you need to go through the secretary to get to the CFO. Which approach would you use with this gatekeeper? Which approach would you use with the CFO? Why would you use each of these approaches?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\"><\/h2>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_n01\" class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Learning Objective<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Identify how to overcome barriers to success in getting an appointment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>When Milton Hershey first opened his candy store in Philadelphia, he had to shut down after six years because he never made enough sales to get the business off the ground. After closing in Philadelphia, he moved to Chicago, then to New Orleans, then to New York, each time failing and starting over again. In fact, it took ten years of rejection and failure before Hershey\u2019s business succeeded. You already know how the story ended for Hershey (now a $5 billion company), but now you also know that the Hershey Chocolate Company wasn\u2019t an overnight success; the business only took off thanks to one salesman\u2019s persistence in the face of failure.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_080\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Evan Carmichael, \u201cHis Secret Recipe: How Hershey Achieved Success,\u201d video, EvanCarmichael.com, http:\/\/www.evancarmichael.com\/Famous-Entrepreneurs\/603\/His-Secret-Recipe-How-Hershey-Achieved-Success.html (accessed August 1, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-1\" href=\"#footnote-115-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Rejection is a reality that all sales professionals have to deal with occasionally, no matter how experienced or skilled they are; it comes with the territory. Prospects will sometimes hang up on you or refuse to see you, and others will listen to your sales approach and then tell you that they aren\u2019t interested in what you have to offer. However, if you approach your sales call with confidence and refuse to take rejection personally, then the possibility of rejection doesn\u2019t have to be a barrier to your success. Do you believe in the value of the solution you are selling? Are you doing your best to ensure that your customer gets what he needs and wants? Then you have every reason to be confident.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_081\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Wendy Weiss, \u201cWhy Are We All so Afraid?\u201d Sales Information, 2004, http:\/\/www.sales.net63.net\/1138.php (accessed August 1, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-2\" href=\"#footnote-115-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Recognize that it is the <em class=\"im_emphasis\">fear<\/em> of failure, more than anything else, that creates a barrier between a salesperson and a successful sale.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Overcoming Your Reluctance<\/h2>\n<p>Successful selling is all about mastering your attitude, and this is especially true when it comes to facing rejection. Sales coach and author Phil Glosserman puts it this way: \u201cThe only person who can reject <em class=\"im_emphasis\">you<\/em> as a salesperson is yourself.\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_082\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, Selling Power, http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009 (accessed March 16, 2010).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-3\" href=\"#footnote-115-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> There are all kinds of reasons why a prospect might give you a \u201cno thanks\u201d response, very few of which have to do with you personally. Your prospect might simply be unwilling or unable to make a purchase at the moment, he might be facing pressures at work that prevent him from giving you his full attention, or he might just be having a bad day. Instead of focusing on the way <em class=\"im_emphasis\">you<\/em> feel (\u201cWhat if he turns me down?\u201d), Glosserman suggests focusing on the way your prospect feels (\u201cHow can I help him get what he wants out of this interaction?\u201d). If you imagine how your customer feels before and during your interaction, you will often find that you forget to feel anxious.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_083\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, Selling Power, http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009 (accessed March 16, 2010).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-4\" href=\"#footnote-115-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>In addition to mastering your attitude, here are a few empowering and practical things you can do to help build confidence (and get a higher rate of yes responses) going into a sales approach:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s01_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li>Be intentional about the language you use when you approach your prospect; don\u2019t use apologetic language or language that conveys uncertainty. For instance, rather than saying \u201c<em class=\"im_emphasis\">If<\/em> you decide to make an appointment,\u201d try a phrasing that conveys greater certainty: \u201c<em class=\"im_emphasis\">When<\/em> you make an appointment\u2026\u201d or \u201cAfter we\u2019ve set up your appointment.\u2026\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_084\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d Pittsburgh Business Times, February 18, 2005, http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-5\" href=\"#footnote-115-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Before going in to your sales call, practice with some role-plays. Even if it feels artificial at first, keep at it, and take the task seriously. If you practice various selling scenarios enough times with a role-playing partner, you will learn what a confident approach sounds like, and you will feel more prepared to handle the real situation.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_085\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d Pittsburgh Business Times, February 18, 2005, http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-6\" href=\"#footnote-115-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Don\u2019t procrastinate. \u201cThe longer you procrastinate about something, the larger it becomes in your mind,\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_086\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"BNET Reference Publications, \u201cFacing the Fear of Rejection\u2014Emotional Problem that Can be Devastating to the Success of Sales Representatives,\u201d BNET, http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m1272\/is_n2623_v125\/ai_19313504 (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-7\" href=\"#footnote-115-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> so don\u2019t put off a sales call because of nerves. Facing your fears is the best way to overcome them.<\/li>\n<li>Make difficult calls when you have the most energy. This is usually the start of the business day.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_087\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201cTips for Successful Cold Calling,\u201d AllBusiness, http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques-telesales\/1355-1.html (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-8\" href=\"#footnote-115-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Morning sales calls can also be a good time to reach busy prospects before the business day gets into full swing.<\/li>\n<li>Before going into the call, visualize a successful outcome. Phil Glosserman says to \u201cimagine what you <em class=\"im_emphasis\">want<\/em> to feel\u201d during the sales call; think of a situation in your life that made you feel that way and put yourself into that frame of mind.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_088\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, Selling Power, http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009 (accessed March 16, 2010).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-9\" href=\"#footnote-115-9\" aria-label=\"Footnote 9\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Getting Past the Gatekeepers<\/h2>\n<p>So what do you do if you\u2019ve prepared your opening statement and done your research, but when you make your phone call, it isn\u2019t your prospect who picks up the phone; instead, it\u2019s her assistant, who wants to know who you are, why you are calling, and why you think your prospect should want to talk to you anyway? This is a likely scenario in B2B sales when your prospects are busy executives who don\u2019t have the time to handle every call that comes through their office. If you want to see your prospect, you may have to go through the <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">gatekeeper<\/span><\/span> first. His title might be secretary, assistant, administrative assistant, or executive assistant,<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_089\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-10\" href=\"#footnote-115-10\" aria-label=\"Footnote 10\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> but his role will be the same: keeping unwanted distractions from interrupting his boss\u2019s busy schedule. Salespeople often think of gatekeepers as road blocks\u2014something standing in the way of getting to see the prospect\u2014but if a salesperson treats gatekeepers as obstacles to be overcome, not only is he unlikely to get past them, but he is also missing out on the opportunity to collaborate with people who can be valuable assets to his sale.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_090\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Michael A. Boylan, The Power to Get In (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 125.\" id=\"return-footnote-115-11\" href=\"#footnote-115-11\" aria-label=\"Footnote 11\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Gatekeepers are human beings (not obstacles) whose jobs are important to the successful running of their organizations. Think of them as part of the selling relationship and treat them with the courtesy and respect with which you would treat your prospect. Lori Richardson, an experienced salesperson and sales trainer, says, \u201cI like to think of a gatekeeper as someone to get to know\u2014a potential new coach into connecting me with my ultimate contact beyond the virtual <em class=\"im_emphasis\">gate<\/em>.\u201d<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_091\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html (accessed August 3, 2009).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-12\" href=\"#footnote-115-12\" aria-label=\"Footnote 12\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Gatekeepers are an integral part of the selling relationship for a number of reasons:<\/p>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l01\" class=\"im_itemizedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li>They often have valuable knowledge about the internal workings of an organization, including where the power centers are and how decisions get made.<\/li>\n<li>They are familiar with their boss\u2019s schedule (sometimes even more than their boss is).<\/li>\n<li>They have a significant say in who gets in to see their boss and in how communications get passed on.<\/li>\n<li>They can determine how outsiders are represented to their boss. They often influence the first impression because they might tell your prospect <em class=\"im_emphasis\">about<\/em> you before you actually make contact with the prospect.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_092\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Michael A. Boylan, The Power to Get In (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 124.\" id=\"return-footnote-115-13\" href=\"#footnote-115-13\" aria-label=\"Footnote 13\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Put yourself in the gatekeeper\u2019s shoes for a minute. You have been answering the phone all day, responding to people who don\u2019t often treat you with much respect, and you get another call:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Salesperson<\/strong>:<br \/>\nHello, this is Camille Martin. Is Maria Gonzalez in her office right now?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:<br \/>\nYes, she\u2019s here, but she\u2019s busy at the moment. Can I ask what you\u2019re calling about?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Salesperson<\/strong>:<br \/>\nI\u2019d like to schedule a meeting to see her. When would be a good time to call back?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:<br \/>\nI\u2019m sorry, but Ms. Gonzalez doesn\u2019t take unsolicited calls.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Notice that the caller didn\u2019t give the name of her organization or the purpose of her call, even when the gatekeeper asked for more information. She was abrupt with the gatekeeper, so the gatekeeper was abrupt in return. When talking to gatekeepers, give them the information they ask for when they want it.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_093\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Michael A. Boylan, The Power to Get In (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 126.\" id=\"return-footnote-115-14\" href=\"#footnote-115-14\" aria-label=\"Footnote 14\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> Remember that it\u2019s the gatekeeper\u2019s job to find out whether your call is worth his boss\u2019s time, so if you tell him the purpose of your call, you are helping him to see that your call may be valuable.<\/p>\n<p>Learn the gatekeeper\u2019s name and be friendly. Business writer Susan Ward suggests starting off the conversation by asking \u201cI wonder if you could help me?\u201d as a way to show respect and demonstrate that you see the gatekeeper as part of your selling relationship.<span id=\"fwk-125752-fn09_094\" class=\"im_footnote\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Susan Ward, \u201cCold Calling Tips,\u201d About.com, http:\/\/sbinfocanada.about.com\/cs\/marketing\/a\/coldcall.htm (accessed May 16, 2010).\" id=\"return-footnote-115-15\" href=\"#footnote-115-15\" aria-label=\"Footnote 15\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> If you do this, you won\u2019t <em class=\"im_emphasis\">need<\/em> to get past the gatekeeper; he can often tell you everything you need to know\u2014the name of the right person to talk to or the best time to contact your prospect\u2014or even schedule a meeting for you before you ever interact with your prospect. Finally, when the gatekeeper does give you helpful information, remember to thank her. For extra helpful gatekeepers, you might even consider sending a note or small thank-you gift.<\/p>\n<p>Now review the approach shown above using a referral as a way to work with the gatekeeper as an ally, rather than view her as a barrier:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">You<\/strong>:<br \/>\nGood morning. My name is Camille Martin and I\u2019m calling from Preston and Preston; we\u2019re a full-service digital photography studio here in Cleveland. I\u2019m following up on a conversation that Jason Kendrick, our company\u2019s CEO had with Maria Gonzalez. I understand she is looking for a partner in the digital photography area. May I speak with her?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Assistant<\/strong>:<br \/>\nLet me check and see if she is available. Can you give me your name and company again?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">You<\/strong>:<br \/>\nThank you. I appreciate your help. I\u2019m Camille Martin from Preston and Preston. What\u2019s your name?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l02\" class=\"im_itemizedlist\">\n<li>Attitude, especially fear of rejection, can be a barrier to success in approaching your prospect.<\/li>\n<li>Some ways to build confidence and overcome your reluctance include focusing on using language that conveys certainty during the approach, practicing the approach through role-play, making calls at the time of day when you have the most energy, and visualizing a successful outcome.<\/li>\n<li>In B2B sales you may need to get past <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">gatekeepers<\/strong> before you meet your prospect.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Gatekeepers<\/strong> can be your allies if you treat them as part of the selling relationship.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_n02\" class=\"im_exercises im_editable im_block\">\n<h3 class=\"im_title\">Exercises<\/h3>\n<ol id=\"fwk-125752-ch09_s04_s02_l03\" class=\"im_orderedlist\">\n<li>Think of a time when you succeeded at something you had been reluctant to do. What techniques did you use to help you achieve your goal?<\/li>\n<li>Imagine that you are a sales rep for a logistics company and you want to get an appointment with the COO of a hardware manufacturer. You\u2019ve heard that he can be very difficult to deal with, so you are concerned about calling on him, but he is a large prospect for you. Identify three things that you would do to overcome your reluctance and make the call.<\/li>\n<li>Put yourself in the shoes of an executive assistant at a large corporation. It has been a busy morning, and just after lunchtime a salesperson calls and asks to see your boss. Name three things the salesperson could do or say that would make you more willing to help him.<\/li>\n<li>Assume you are a sales rep for a firm that sells accounting software that can reduce invoice processing time by 15 percent. You want to get a meeting with the chief financial officer of a prospective company, but you need to go through the secretary to get to the CFO. Which approach would you use with this gatekeeper? Which approach would you use with the CFO? Why would you use each of these approaches?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-115\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Powerful Selling. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-115-1\">Evan Carmichael, \u201cHis Secret Recipe: How Hershey Achieved Success,\u201d video, EvanCarmichael.com, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.evancarmichael.com\/Famous-Entrepreneurs\/603\/His-Secret-Recipe-How-Hershey-Achieved-Success.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.evancarmichael.com\/Famous-Entrepreneurs\/603\/His-Secret-Recipe-How-Hershey-Achieved-Success.html<\/a> (accessed August 1, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-2\">Wendy Weiss, \u201cWhy Are We All so Afraid?\u201d Sales Information, 2004, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sales.net63.net\/1138.php\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sales.net63.net\/1138.php<\/a> (accessed August 1, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-3\">Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-4\">Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-5\">Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Pittsburgh Business Times<\/em>, February 18, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-6\">Laura Laaman, \u201cAssumptions, Sales Practice Help Fight Fear of Rejection,\u201d <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Pittsburgh Business Times<\/em>, February 18, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.bizjournals.com\/pittsburgh\/stories\/2005\/02\/21\/smallb2.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-7\">BNET Reference Publications, \u201cFacing the Fear of Rejection\u2014Emotional Problem that Can be Devastating to the Success of Sales Representatives,\u201d BNET, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m1272\/is_n2623_v125\/ai_19313504\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m1272\/is_n2623_v125\/ai_19313504<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-8\">\u201cTips for Successful Cold Calling,\u201d AllBusiness, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques-telesales\/1355-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques-telesales\/1355-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-9\">Phil Glosserman, \u201cThe Fear of Rejection,\u201d video, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">Selling Power<\/em>, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sellingpower.com\/content\/video\/?date=7\/9\/2009<\/a> (accessed March 16, 2010). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-9\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 9\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-10\">Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-10\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 10\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-11\">Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 125. <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-11\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 11\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-12\">Lori Richardson, \u201cDealing with Gatekeepers,\u201d Sales Coach Blog, AllBusiness, April 19, 2005, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.AllBusiness.com\/sales\/selling-techniques\/3873127-1.html<\/a> (accessed August 3, 2009). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-12\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 12\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-13\">Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 124. <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-13\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 13\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-14\">Michael A. Boylan, <em class=\"im_emphasis\">The Power to Get In<\/em> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1998), 126. <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-14\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 14\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-115-15\">Susan Ward, \u201cCold Calling Tips,\u201d About.com, <a class=\"im_link\" href=\"http:\/\/sbinfocanada.about.com\/cs\/marketing\/a\/coldcall.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/sbinfocanada.about.com\/cs\/marketing\/a\/coldcall.htm<\/a> (accessed May 16, 2010). <a href=\"#return-footnote-115-15\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 15\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Powerful Selling\",\"author\":\"Anonymous\",\"organization\":\"Anonymous\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/powerful-selling\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-115","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":109,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":336,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/115\/revisions\/336"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/109"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/115\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=115"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=115"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cerritos-sales-1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}