Table 1. Water Density (kg/m3 ) at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature
Density
[latex]0[/latex]
[latex]999.8395[/latex]
[latex]4[/latex]
[latex]999.9720[/latex] (density maximum)
[latex]10[/latex]
[latex]999.7026[/latex]
[latex]15[/latex]
[latex]999.1026[/latex]
[latex]20[/latex]
[latex]998.2071[/latex]
[latex]22[/latex]
[latex]997.7735[/latex]
[latex]25[/latex]
[latex]997.0479[/latex]
[latex]30[/latex]
[latex]995.6502[/latex]
[latex]40[/latex]
[latex]992.2[/latex]
[latex]60[/latex]
[latex]983.2[/latex]
[latex]80[/latex]
[latex]971.8[/latex]
[latex]100[/latex]
[latex]958.4[/latex]
Table 2. Water Vapor Pressure at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature
Vapor Pressure (torr)
Vapor Pressure (Pa)
[latex]0[/latex]
[latex]4.6[/latex]
[latex]613.2812[/latex]
[latex]4[/latex]
[latex]6.1[/latex]
[latex]813.2642[/latex]
[latex]10[/latex]
[latex]9.2[/latex]
[latex]1226.562[/latex]
[latex]15[/latex]
[latex]12.8[/latex]
[latex]1706.522[/latex]
[latex]20[/latex]
[latex]17.5[/latex]
[latex]2333.135[/latex]
[latex]22[/latex]
[latex]19.8[/latex]
[latex]2639.776[/latex]
[latex]25[/latex]
[latex]23.8[/latex]
[latex]3173.064[/latex]
[latex]30[/latex]
[latex]31.8[/latex]
[latex]4239.64[/latex]
[latex]35[/latex]
[latex]42.2[/latex]
[latex]5626.188[/latex]
[latex]40[/latex]
[latex]55.3[/latex]
[latex]7372.707[/latex]
[latex]45[/latex]
[latex]71.9[/latex]
[latex]9585.852[/latex]
[latex]50[/latex]
[latex]92.5[/latex]
[latex]12332.29[/latex]
[latex]55[/latex]
[latex]118.0[/latex]
[latex]15732[/latex]
[latex]60[/latex]
[latex]149.4[/latex]
[latex]19918.31[/latex]
[latex]65[/latex]
[latex]187.5[/latex]
[latex]24997.88[/latex]
[latex]70[/latex]
[latex]233.7[/latex]
[latex]31157.35[/latex]
[latex]75[/latex]
[latex]289.1[/latex]
[latex]38543.39[/latex]
[latex]80[/latex]
[latex]355.1[/latex]
[latex]47342.64[/latex]
[latex]85[/latex]
[latex]433.6[/latex]
[latex]57808.42[/latex]
[latex]90[/latex]
[latex]525.8[/latex]
[latex]70100.71[/latex]
[latex]95[/latex]
[latex]633.9[/latex]
[latex]84512.82[/latex]
[latex]100[/latex]
[latex]760.0[/latex]
[latex]101324.7[/latex]
Table 3. Water Kw and pKw at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature
Kw 10–14
pKw
[latex]0[/latex]
[latex]0.112[/latex]
[latex]14.95[/latex]
[latex]5[/latex]
[latex]0.182[/latex]
[latex]14.74[/latex]
[latex]10[/latex]
[latex]0.288[/latex]
[latex]14.54[/latex]
[latex]15[/latex]
[latex]0.465[/latex]
[latex]14.33[/latex]
[latex]20[/latex]
[latex]0.671[/latex]
[latex]14.17[/latex]
[latex]25[/latex]
[latex]0.991[/latex]
[latex]14.00[/latex]
[latex]30[/latex]
[latex]1.432[/latex]
[latex]13.84[/latex]
[latex]35[/latex]
[latex]2.042[/latex]
[latex]13.69[/latex]
[latex]40[/latex]
[latex]2.851[/latex]
[latex]13.55[/latex]
[latex]45[/latex]
[latex]3.917[/latex]
[latex]13.41[/latex]
[latex]50[/latex]
[latex]5.297[/latex]
[latex]13.28[/latex]
[latex]55[/latex]
[latex]7.080[/latex]
[latex]13.15[/latex]
[latex]60[/latex]
[latex]9.311[/latex]
[latex]13.03[/latex]
[latex]75[/latex]
[latex]19.95[/latex]
[latex]12.70[/latex]
[latex]100[/latex]
[latex]56.23[/latex]
[latex]12.25[/latex]
Table 4. Specific Heat Capacity for Water
C°(H2 O(l )) = 4179 J∙K-1 ∙kg-1
C°(H2 O(s )) = 1864 J∙K-1 ∙kg-1
C°(H2 O(g )) = 2093 J∙K-1 ∙kg-1
Table 5. Standard Water Melting and Boiling Temperatures and Enthalpies of the Transitions
Temperature (K)
[latex]\Delta H\text{(kJ/mol)}[/latex]
melting
273.15
6.088
boiling
373.15
40.656 (44.016 at 298 K)
Table 6. Water Cryoscopic (Freezing Point Depression) and Ebullioscopic (Boiling Point Elevation) Constants
Kf = 1.86 K∙mol-1 ∙kg-1 (cryoscopic constant)
Kb = 0.51 K∙mol-1 ∙kg-1 (cryoscopic constant)
Water full-range spectral absorption curve. This curve shows the full-range spectral absorption for water. The y -axis signifies the absorption in 1/cm. If we divide 1 by this value, we will obtain the length of the path (in cm) after which the intensity of a light beam passing through water decays by a factor of the base of the natural logarithm e (e = 2.718281828).