## Water Properties

Table 1. Water Density (kg/m3) at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature[1] Density
$0$ $999.8395$
$4$ $999.9720$ (density maximum)
$10$ $999.7026$
$15$ $999.1026$
$20$ $998.2071$
$22$ $997.7735$
$25$ $997.0479$
$30$ $995.6502$
$40$ $992.2$
$60$ $983.2$
$80$ $971.8$
$100$ $958.4$

Table 2. Water Vapor Pressure at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature Vapor Pressure (torr) Vapor Pressure (Pa)
$0$ $4.6$ $613.2812$
$4$ $6.1$ $813.2642$
$10$ $9.2$ $1226.562$
$15$ $12.8$ $1706.522$
$20$ $17.5$ $2333.135$
$22$ $19.8$ $2639.776$
$25$ $23.8$ $3173.064$
$30$ $31.8$ $4239.64$
$35$ $42.2$ $5626.188$
$40$ $55.3$ $7372.707$
$45$ $71.9$ $9585.852$
$50$ $92.5$ $12332.29$
$55$ $118.0$ $15732$
$60$ $149.4$ $19918.31$
$65$ $187.5$ $24997.88$
$70$ $233.7$ $31157.35$
$75$ $289.1$ $38543.39$
$80$ $355.1$ $47342.64$
$85$ $433.6$ $57808.42$
$90$ $525.8$ $70100.71$
$95$ $633.9$ $84512.82$
$100$ $760.0$ $101324.7$

Table 3. Water Kw and pKw at Different Temperatures (°C)
Temperature Kw 10–14 pKw[2]
$0$ $0.112$ $14.95$
$5$ $0.182$ $14.74$
$10$ $0.288$ $14.54$
$15$ $0.465$ $14.33$
$20$ $0.671$ $14.17$
$25$ $0.991$ $14.00$
$30$ $1.432$ $13.84$
$35$ $2.042$ $13.69$
$40$ $2.851$ $13.55$
$45$ $3.917$ $13.41$
$50$ $5.297$ $13.28$
$55$ $7.080$ $13.15$
$60$ $9.311$ $13.03$
$75$ $19.95$ $12.70$
$100$ $56.23$ $12.25$

Table 4. Specific Heat Capacity for Water
C°(H2O(l)) = 4179 J∙K-1∙kg-1
C°(H2O(s)) = 1864 J∙K-1∙kg-1
C°(H2O(g)) = 2093 J∙K-1∙kg-1
Table 5. Standard Water Melting and Boiling Temperatures and Enthalpies of the Transitions
Temperature (K) $\Delta H\text{(kJ/mol)}$
melting 273.15 6.088
boiling 373.15 40.656 (44.016 at 298 K)
Table 6. Water Cryoscopic (Freezing Point Depression) and Ebullioscopic (Boiling Point Elevation) Constants
Kf = 1.86 K∙mol-1∙kg-1 (cryoscopic constant)
Kb = 0.51 K∙mol-1∙kg-1 (cryoscopic constant)

Water full-range spectral absorption curve. This curve shows the full-range spectral absorption for water. The y-axis signifies the absorption in 1/cm. If we divide 1 by this value, we will obtain the length of the path (in cm) after which the intensity of a light beam passing through water decays by a factor of the base of the natural logarithm e (e = 2.718281828).

1. Data for t < 0 °C are for supercooled water
2. pKw = –log10(Kw)