{"id":3537,"date":"2015-05-06T03:51:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T03:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/oschemtemp\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3537"},"modified":"2020-12-19T21:44:42","modified_gmt":"2020-12-19T21:44:42","slug":"introduction-to-equilibria-of-other-reaction-classes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/chapter\/introduction-to-equilibria-of-other-reaction-classes\/","title":{"raw":"Why It Matters: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes","rendered":"Why It Matters: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Outline of\u00a0Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Precipitation and Dissolution<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lewis Acids and Bases<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Coupled Equilibria<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe mineral fluorite, CaF<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0Figure 1 is commonly used as a semiprecious stone in many types of jewelry because of its striking appearance. Deposits of fluorite are formed through a process called hydrothermal precipitation in which calcium and fluoride ions dissolved in groundwater combine to produce insoluble CaF<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0in response to some change in solution conditions. For example, a decrease in temperature may trigger fluorite precipitation if its solubility is exceeded at the lower temperature. Because fluoride ion is a weak base, its solubility is also affected by solution pH, and so geologic or other processes that change groundwater pH will also affect the precipitation of fluorite. This chapter extends the equilibrium discussion of other chapters by addressing some additional reaction classes (including precipitation) and systems involving coupled equilibrium reactions.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"651\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/887\/2015\/05\/23213934\/CNX_Chem_15_00_Fluorite.jpg\" alt=\"An image is shown of a cluster of clear crystals, showing primarily cubic and some octahedral shapes. A large cubic crystal at the center of the photograph has a deep emerald green center with deep purple corners and a small royal blue region just right of center. A smaller cubic crystal to its left shows purple corners and edges with royal blue coloration toward the center. Similar coloration is seen in other crystals in the structure, though most of the smaller crystals are clear and colorless.\" width=\"651\" height=\"300\" \/> Figure 1. The mineral fluorite (CaF<sub>2<\/sub>) is deposited through a precipitation process. Note that pure fluorite is colorless, and that the color in this sample is due to the presence of other metals in the crystal.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Outline of\u00a0Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Precipitation and Dissolution<\/li>\n<li>Lewis Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<li>Coupled Equilibria<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The mineral fluorite, CaF<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0Figure 1 is commonly used as a semiprecious stone in many types of jewelry because of its striking appearance. Deposits of fluorite are formed through a process called hydrothermal precipitation in which calcium and fluoride ions dissolved in groundwater combine to produce insoluble CaF<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0in response to some change in solution conditions. For example, a decrease in temperature may trigger fluorite precipitation if its solubility is exceeded at the lower temperature. Because fluoride ion is a weak base, its solubility is also affected by solution pH, and so geologic or other processes that change groundwater pH will also affect the precipitation of fluorite. This chapter extends the equilibrium discussion of other chapters by addressing some additional reaction classes (including precipitation) and systems involving coupled equilibrium reactions.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 661px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/887\/2015\/05\/23213934\/CNX_Chem_15_00_Fluorite.jpg\" alt=\"An image is shown of a cluster of clear crystals, showing primarily cubic and some octahedral shapes. A large cubic crystal at the center of the photograph has a deep emerald green center with deep purple corners and a small royal blue region just right of center. A smaller cubic crystal to its left shows purple corners and edges with royal blue coloration toward the center. Similar coloration is seen in other crystals in the structure, though most of the smaller crystals are clear and colorless.\" width=\"651\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. The mineral fluorite (CaF<sub>2<\/sub>) is deposited through a precipitation process. Note that pure fluorite is colorless, and that the color in this sample is due to the presence of other metals in the crystal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3537\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Chemistry 2e. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/chemistry-2e\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Chemistry 2e\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/chemistry-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3537","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2983,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7298,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3537\/revisions\/7298"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2983"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3537\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3537"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3537"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}