Module 1: Essential Ideas<\/h2>\r\nUtilize the essential concepts of chemistry that will serve as foundation blocks to learning chemical components and processes<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Describe chemistry in context<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify the properties of matter<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify physical and chemical properties of matter<\/li>\r\n \t
- Report measurements properly<\/li>\r\n \t
- Measure uncertainty, accuracy, and precision<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply dimensional analysis involving two or more properties<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions<\/h2>\r\nUnderstand fundamental chemical principles related to the composition of matter and the concept of molecular identity<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Explain the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply the results of early atomic experiments to define the three subatomic particles and isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the atomic structure and determine atomic mass<\/li>\r\n \t
- Express chemical formulas in molecular, empirical, and structural form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the periodic table<\/li>\r\n \t
- Recognize and predict ionic and covalent compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions<\/h2>\r\nMake quantitative calculations and determinations about the composition of substances and mixtures<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Relate formula mass, moles, and the numbers of atoms or molecules<\/li>\r\n \t
- Determine empirical and molecular formulas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use molarity to calculate solution concentrations and perform dilution calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate various units of solution concentrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions<\/h2>\r\nDetermine the quantitative connections between the amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions and symbolize with chemical equations<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Write and balance chemical equations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify chemical reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply stoichiometry concepts to problems involving mass, moles, and solution molarity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate theoretical and percent yield<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe titrations and gravimetric data and apply stoichiometry to both<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Thermochemistry<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the relationships between chemical changes and thermal energy<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Apply thermochemistry equations involving heat, specific heat, and temperature change<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use calorimetry data to solve problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe and quantify enthalpy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements<\/h2>\r\nIdentify forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Interpret waves and the nature of light<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply quantum mechanics to the electrons in an atom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Predict electron configurations of atoms and the association to element classifications<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe and explain the observed trends in atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity of the elements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry<\/h2>\r\nExplain how individual atoms connect to form more complex structures<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Express the electron structures of cations, anions, and ionic compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Define covalent bonds and electronegativity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Create Lewis symbols and structures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Quantify formal charges and resonance using the Lewis structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand bond strength and lattice energies<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret VSEPR theory and polarity<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding<\/h2>\r\nUnderstand valence bond theory, orbital hybridization, and molecular orbital theory in order to interpret unpredictable substance behaviors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Summarize valence bond theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe atomic orbital hybridization<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe multiple covalent bonding and resonance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the molecular orbital theory to determine bond orders and molecular electron configurations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Gases<\/h2>\r\nExplain the behaviors of gases by the relationships between gas temperature, pressure, amount, and volume<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Define pressure and pressure units<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply the ideal gas law<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use the ideal gas law and Dalton's law to make calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Compute rates of effusion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand non-ideal gas behaviors and their association to van der Waals equation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Liquids and Solids<\/h2>\r\nExplain how the interactions of atoms and molecules affect various physical properties in the liquid and solid phases<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Explain the types of intermolecular forces within a substance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize the properties of a liquid<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand the changes that occur at phase transition temperatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret phase diagrams<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties and bonding of the main types of crystalline solids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Analyze crystalline structures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11: Solutions and Colloids<\/h2>\r\nDescribe the properties and formation of solutions and colloids<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Determine if and how a solution will form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the physical and chemical changes that accompany the dissolution of electrolytes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Examine the effects of various conditions on solubility<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain colligative properties and the processes of distillation and osmosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties and applications of colloids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12: Kinetics<\/h2>\r\nUnderstand the factors that influence chemical reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, and the quantitative techniques used to describe those rates<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Interpret chemical reaction rate expressions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the factors that affect reaction rates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply rate laws<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make integrated rate law calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- State the postulates of collision theory and their relationship to activation energy and transition states<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the rate law for a given reaction mechanism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand how catalysts function<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13:<\/em> Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts<\/em><\/h2>\r\nIdentify the essential aspects of chemical equilibria and analyze a stressed equilibrium system<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Describe equilibrium systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make calculations with reaction quotients and equilibrium constants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle to predict the response of a stressed equilibrium system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate changes in equilibriums concentrations or pressures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: Acid-Based Equilibria<\/h2>\r\nExplore acid-base chemistry with a focus on the equilibrium aspects of these reactions<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Describe the behavior of Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acids and bases<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply an understanding of pH and pOH to characterize aqueous solutions and determine ion\u00a0concentrations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Perform equilibrium calculations for Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acid-base systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand hydrolysis in salt solutions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply equilibrium\u00a0concepts to acids and bases<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain acid-base buffers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the important stages of acid-base titrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h2>\r\nDevelop a more in-depth understanding of equilibrium, including precipitation and coupled equilibrium reactions<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Use the solubility product in equilibrium problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply knowledge of Lewis acids and bases to equilibrium problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Evaluate coupled equilibrium systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Thermodynamics<\/h2>\r\nEvaluate possible chemical or physical changes to a reaction under a given set of thermodynamic conditions<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Understand both spontaneous and nonspontaneous\u00a0processes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Predict entropy changes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the second and third laws of thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate free energy change<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Electrochemistry<\/h2>\r\nExplore the fundamental aspects of redox chemistry and the technologies made possible from discoveries in the field of\u00a0electrochemistry<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Balance oxidation-reduction reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret cell notation of\u00a0galvanic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain electrode and cell potentials<\/li>\r\n \t
- Relate potential, free energy, and equilibrium through calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the differences between batteries and fuel cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify examples of corrosion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make stoichiometric calculations for electrolytic processes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals<\/h2>\r\nIdentify the important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Classify and make predictions about the representative elements<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the occurrence and preparation of the representative metals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and general properties of the metalloids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and general properties of nonmetals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of hydrogen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of some representative metal carbonates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of nitrogen<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of phosphorus<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of oxygen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of sulfur<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of halogens and halogen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of the noble gases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry<\/h2>\r\nExplore the unique behaviors exhibited by transition metals due to their complex valence shells<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Describe the properties, preparation, and occurrence of transition metals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the properties, structures, names, and occurrence of coordination compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand crystal field theory concepts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 20: Organic Chemistry<\/h2>\r\nExplain why the element carbon gives rise to a variety of compounds, and how those organic compounds are classified and used<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Discuss the important properties of hydrocarbons<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe, identify, and draw alcohols and ethers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and properties of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and properties of amines and amides<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 21: Nuclear Chemistry<\/h2>\r\nUnderstand how the discovery of radioactivity led to the creation of crucial technologies in the fields of energy, medicine, geology, and more<\/h3>\r\n\r\n \t- Describe nuclear structure and stability<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize nuclear reactions as equations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Perform radioactive decay calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss nuclear fission and fusion reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize the common uses of radioactive isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the biological effects of radiation exposure<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
<\/h2>","rendered":"
![\"icon](\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2018\/04\/20174050\/outcomes.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
The content, assignments, and assessments in Chemistry for Majors are aligned to the following learning outcomes. A full list of course learning outcomes can be viewed here: Chemistry for Majors Learning Outcomes<\/a>.<\/p>\nModule 1: Essential Ideas<\/h2>\nUtilize the essential concepts of chemistry that will serve as foundation blocks to learning chemical components and processes<\/h3>\n\n- Describe chemistry in context<\/li>\n
- Classify the properties of matter<\/li>\n
- Identify physical and chemical properties of matter<\/li>\n
- Report measurements properly<\/li>\n
- Measure uncertainty, accuracy, and precision<\/li>\n
- Apply dimensional analysis involving two or more properties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions<\/h2>\nUnderstand fundamental chemical principles related to the composition of matter and the concept of molecular identity<\/h3>\n\n- Explain the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory<\/li>\n
- Apply the results of early atomic experiments to define the three subatomic particles and isotopes<\/li>\n
- Interpret the atomic structure and determine atomic mass<\/li>\n
- Express chemical formulas in molecular, empirical, and structural form<\/li>\n
- Interpret the periodic table<\/li>\n
- Recognize and predict ionic and covalent compounds<\/li>\n
- Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions<\/h2>\nMake quantitative calculations and determinations about the composition of substances and mixtures<\/h3>\n\n- Relate formula mass, moles, and the numbers of atoms or molecules<\/li>\n
- Determine empirical and molecular formulas<\/li>\n
- Use molarity to calculate solution concentrations and perform dilution calculations<\/li>\n
- Calculate various units of solution concentrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions<\/h2>\nDetermine the quantitative connections between the amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions and symbolize with chemical equations<\/h3>\n\n- Write and balance chemical equations<\/li>\n
- Classify chemical reactions<\/li>\n
- Apply stoichiometry concepts to problems involving mass, moles, and solution molarity<\/li>\n
- Calculate theoretical and percent yield<\/li>\n
- Describe titrations and gravimetric data and apply stoichiometry to both<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Thermochemistry<\/h2>\nDescribe the relationships between chemical changes and thermal energy<\/h3>\n\n- Apply thermochemistry equations involving heat, specific heat, and temperature change<\/li>\n
- Use calorimetry data to solve problems<\/li>\n
- Describe and quantify enthalpy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements<\/h2>\nIdentify forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms<\/h3>\n\n- Interpret waves and the nature of light<\/li>\n
- Explain the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom<\/li>\n
- Apply quantum mechanics to the electrons in an atom<\/li>\n
- Predict electron configurations of atoms and the association to element classifications<\/li>\n
- Describe and explain the observed trends in atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity of the elements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry<\/h2>\nExplain how individual atoms connect to form more complex structures<\/h3>\n\n- Express the electron structures of cations, anions, and ionic compounds<\/li>\n
- Define covalent bonds and electronegativity<\/li>\n
- Create Lewis symbols and structures<\/li>\n
- Quantify formal charges and resonance using the Lewis structure<\/li>\n
- Understand bond strength and lattice energies<\/li>\n
- Interpret VSEPR theory and polarity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding<\/h2>\nUnderstand valence bond theory, orbital hybridization, and molecular orbital theory in order to interpret unpredictable substance behaviors<\/h3>\n\n- Summarize valence bond theory<\/li>\n
- Describe atomic orbital hybridization<\/li>\n
- Describe multiple covalent bonding and resonance<\/li>\n
- Interpret the molecular orbital theory to determine bond orders and molecular electron configurations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Gases<\/h2>\nExplain the behaviors of gases by the relationships between gas temperature, pressure, amount, and volume<\/h3>\n\n- Define pressure and pressure units<\/li>\n
- Apply the ideal gas law<\/li>\n
- Use the ideal gas law and Dalton’s law to make calculations<\/li>\n
- Compute rates of effusion<\/li>\n
- Explain the postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory<\/li>\n
- Understand non-ideal gas behaviors and their association to van der Waals equation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Liquids and Solids<\/h2>\nExplain how the interactions of atoms and molecules affect various physical properties in the liquid and solid phases<\/h3>\n\n- Explain the types of intermolecular forces within a substance<\/li>\n
- Summarize the properties of a liquid<\/li>\n
- Understand the changes that occur at phase transition temperatures<\/li>\n
- Interpret phase diagrams<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties and bonding of the main types of crystalline solids<\/li>\n
- Analyze crystalline structures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11: Solutions and Colloids<\/h2>\nDescribe the properties and formation of solutions and colloids<\/h3>\n\n- Determine if and how a solution will form<\/li>\n
- Describe the physical and chemical changes that accompany the dissolution of electrolytes<\/li>\n
- Examine the effects of various conditions on solubility<\/li>\n
- Explain colligative properties and the processes of distillation and osmosis<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties and applications of colloids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12: Kinetics<\/h2>\nUnderstand the factors that influence chemical reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, and the quantitative techniques used to describe those rates<\/h3>\n\n- Interpret chemical reaction rate expressions<\/li>\n
- Describe the factors that affect reaction rates<\/li>\n
- Apply rate laws<\/li>\n
- Make integrated rate law calculations<\/li>\n
- State the postulates of collision theory and their relationship to activation energy and transition states<\/li>\n
- Explain the rate law for a given reaction mechanism<\/li>\n
- Understand how catalysts function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13:<\/em> Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts<\/em><\/h2>\nIdentify the essential aspects of chemical equilibria and analyze a stressed equilibrium system<\/h3>\n\n- Describe equilibrium systems<\/li>\n
- Make calculations with reaction quotients and equilibrium constants<\/li>\n
- Apply Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle to predict the response of a stressed equilibrium system<\/li>\n
- Calculate changes in equilibriums concentrations or pressures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: Acid-Based Equilibria<\/h2>\nExplore acid-base chemistry with a focus on the equilibrium aspects of these reactions<\/h3>\n\n- Describe the behavior of Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acids and bases<\/li>\n
- Apply an understanding of pH and pOH to characterize aqueous solutions and determine ion\u00a0concentrations<\/li>\n
- Perform equilibrium calculations for Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acid-base systems<\/li>\n
- Understand hydrolysis in salt solutions<\/li>\n
- Apply equilibrium\u00a0concepts to acids and bases<\/li>\n
- Explain acid-base buffers<\/li>\n
- Describe the important stages of acid-base titrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h2>\nDevelop a more in-depth understanding of equilibrium, including precipitation and coupled equilibrium reactions<\/h3>\n\n- Use the solubility product in equilibrium problems<\/li>\n
- Apply knowledge of Lewis acids and bases to equilibrium problems<\/li>\n
- Evaluate coupled equilibrium systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Thermodynamics<\/h2>\nEvaluate possible chemical or physical changes to a reaction under a given set of thermodynamic conditions<\/h3>\n\n- Understand both spontaneous and nonspontaneous\u00a0processes<\/li>\n
- Predict entropy changes<\/li>\n
- Explain the second and third laws of thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Calculate free energy change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Electrochemistry<\/h2>\nExplore the fundamental aspects of redox chemistry and the technologies made possible from discoveries in the field of\u00a0electrochemistry<\/h3>\n\n- Balance oxidation-reduction reactions<\/li>\n
- Interpret cell notation of\u00a0galvanic cells<\/li>\n
- Explain electrode and cell potentials<\/li>\n
- Relate potential, free energy, and equilibrium through calculations<\/li>\n
- Describe the differences between batteries and fuel cells<\/li>\n
- Identify examples of corrosion<\/li>\n
- Make stoichiometric calculations for electrolytic processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals<\/h2>\nIdentify the important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table<\/h3>\n\n- Classify and make predictions about the representative elements<\/li>\n
- Describe the occurrence and preparation of the representative metals<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and general properties of the metalloids<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and general properties of nonmetals<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of hydrogen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of some representative metal carbonates<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of nitrogen<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of phosphorus<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of oxygen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of sulfur<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of halogens and halogen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of the noble gases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry<\/h2>\nExplore the unique behaviors exhibited by transition metals due to their complex valence shells<\/h3>\n\n- Describe the properties, preparation, and occurrence of transition metals<\/li>\n
- Identify the properties, structures, names, and occurrence of coordination compounds<\/li>\n
- Understand crystal field theory concepts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 20: Organic Chemistry<\/h2>\nExplain why the element carbon gives rise to a variety of compounds, and how those organic compounds are classified and used<\/h3>\n\n- Discuss the important properties of hydrocarbons<\/li>\n
- Describe, identify, and draw alcohols and ethers<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and properties of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and properties of amines and amides<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 21: Nuclear Chemistry<\/h2>\nUnderstand how the discovery of radioactivity led to the creation of crucial technologies in the fields of energy, medicine, geology, and more<\/h3>\n\n- Describe nuclear structure and stability<\/li>\n
- Summarize nuclear reactions as equations<\/li>\n
- Perform radioactive decay calculations<\/li>\n
- Discuss nuclear fission and fusion reactions<\/li>\n
- Summarize the common uses of radioactive isotopes<\/li>\n
- Explain the biological effects of radiation exposure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t \n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Magnify. Authored by<\/strong>: Eucalyp. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Magnify\",\"author\":\"Eucalyp\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Learning Outcomes\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-6273","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5163,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7506,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/revisions\/7506"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5163"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=6273"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=6273"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=6273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- \r\n \t
- Describe chemistry in context<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify the properties of matter<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify physical and chemical properties of matter<\/li>\r\n \t
- Report measurements properly<\/li>\r\n \t
- Measure uncertainty, accuracy, and precision<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply dimensional analysis involving two or more properties<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions<\/h2>\r\n
Understand fundamental chemical principles related to the composition of matter and the concept of molecular identity<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Explain the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply the results of early atomic experiments to define the three subatomic particles and isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the atomic structure and determine atomic mass<\/li>\r\n \t
- Express chemical formulas in molecular, empirical, and structural form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the periodic table<\/li>\r\n \t
- Recognize and predict ionic and covalent compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions<\/h2>\r\n
Make quantitative calculations and determinations about the composition of substances and mixtures<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Relate formula mass, moles, and the numbers of atoms or molecules<\/li>\r\n \t
- Determine empirical and molecular formulas<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use molarity to calculate solution concentrations and perform dilution calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate various units of solution concentrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions<\/h2>\r\n
Determine the quantitative connections between the amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions and symbolize with chemical equations<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Write and balance chemical equations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Classify chemical reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply stoichiometry concepts to problems involving mass, moles, and solution molarity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate theoretical and percent yield<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe titrations and gravimetric data and apply stoichiometry to both<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 5: Thermochemistry<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the relationships between chemical changes and thermal energy<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Apply thermochemistry equations involving heat, specific heat, and temperature change<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use calorimetry data to solve problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe and quantify enthalpy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 6: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements<\/h2>\r\n
Identify forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Interpret waves and the nature of light<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply quantum mechanics to the electrons in an atom<\/li>\r\n \t
- Predict electron configurations of atoms and the association to element classifications<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe and explain the observed trends in atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity of the elements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry<\/h2>\r\n
Explain how individual atoms connect to form more complex structures<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Express the electron structures of cations, anions, and ionic compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Define covalent bonds and electronegativity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Create Lewis symbols and structures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Quantify formal charges and resonance using the Lewis structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand bond strength and lattice energies<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret VSEPR theory and polarity<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding<\/h2>\r\n
Understand valence bond theory, orbital hybridization, and molecular orbital theory in order to interpret unpredictable substance behaviors<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Summarize valence bond theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe atomic orbital hybridization<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe multiple covalent bonding and resonance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret the molecular orbital theory to determine bond orders and molecular electron configurations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 9: Gases<\/h2>\r\n
Explain the behaviors of gases by the relationships between gas temperature, pressure, amount, and volume<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Define pressure and pressure units<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply the ideal gas law<\/li>\r\n \t
- Use the ideal gas law and Dalton's law to make calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Compute rates of effusion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand non-ideal gas behaviors and their association to van der Waals equation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 10: Liquids and Solids<\/h2>\r\n
Explain how the interactions of atoms and molecules affect various physical properties in the liquid and solid phases<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Explain the types of intermolecular forces within a substance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize the properties of a liquid<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand the changes that occur at phase transition temperatures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret phase diagrams<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties and bonding of the main types of crystalline solids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Analyze crystalline structures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 11: Solutions and Colloids<\/h2>\r\n
Describe the properties and formation of solutions and colloids<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Determine if and how a solution will form<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the physical and chemical changes that accompany the dissolution of electrolytes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Examine the effects of various conditions on solubility<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain colligative properties and the processes of distillation and osmosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties and applications of colloids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 12: Kinetics<\/h2>\r\n
Understand the factors that influence chemical reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, and the quantitative techniques used to describe those rates<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Interpret chemical reaction rate expressions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the factors that affect reaction rates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply rate laws<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make integrated rate law calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- State the postulates of collision theory and their relationship to activation energy and transition states<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the rate law for a given reaction mechanism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand how catalysts function<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 13:<\/em> Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts<\/em><\/h2>\r\n
Identify the essential aspects of chemical equilibria and analyze a stressed equilibrium system<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Describe equilibrium systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make calculations with reaction quotients and equilibrium constants<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle to predict the response of a stressed equilibrium system<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate changes in equilibriums concentrations or pressures<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 14: Acid-Based Equilibria<\/h2>\r\n
Explore acid-base chemistry with a focus on the equilibrium aspects of these reactions<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Describe the behavior of Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acids and bases<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply an understanding of pH and pOH to characterize aqueous solutions and determine ion\u00a0concentrations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Perform equilibrium calculations for Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acid-base systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand hydrolysis in salt solutions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply equilibrium\u00a0concepts to acids and bases<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain acid-base buffers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the important stages of acid-base titrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h2>\r\n
Develop a more in-depth understanding of equilibrium, including precipitation and coupled equilibrium reactions<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Use the solubility product in equilibrium problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Apply knowledge of Lewis acids and bases to equilibrium problems<\/li>\r\n \t
- Evaluate coupled equilibrium systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 16: Thermodynamics<\/h2>\r\n
Evaluate possible chemical or physical changes to a reaction under a given set of thermodynamic conditions<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Understand both spontaneous and nonspontaneous\u00a0processes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Predict entropy changes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the second and third laws of thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Calculate free energy change<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 17: Electrochemistry<\/h2>\r\n
Explore the fundamental aspects of redox chemistry and the technologies made possible from discoveries in the field of\u00a0electrochemistry<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Balance oxidation-reduction reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interpret cell notation of\u00a0galvanic cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain electrode and cell potentials<\/li>\r\n \t
- Relate potential, free energy, and equilibrium through calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the differences between batteries and fuel cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify examples of corrosion<\/li>\r\n \t
- Make stoichiometric calculations for electrolytic processes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals<\/h2>\r\n
Identify the important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Classify and make predictions about the representative elements<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the occurrence and preparation of the representative metals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and general properties of the metalloids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and general properties of nonmetals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of hydrogen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of some representative metal carbonates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of nitrogen<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of phosphorus<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of oxygen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of sulfur<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of halogens and halogen compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of the noble gases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry<\/h2>\r\n
Explore the unique behaviors exhibited by transition metals due to their complex valence shells<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Describe the properties, preparation, and occurrence of transition metals<\/li>\r\n \t
- Identify the properties, structures, names, and occurrence of coordination compounds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Understand crystal field theory concepts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 20: Organic Chemistry<\/h2>\r\n
Explain why the element carbon gives rise to a variety of compounds, and how those organic compounds are classified and used<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Discuss the important properties of hydrocarbons<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe, identify, and draw alcohols and ethers<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and properties of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters<\/li>\r\n \t
- Describe the structure and properties of amines and amides<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Module 21: Nuclear Chemistry<\/h2>\r\n
Understand how the discovery of radioactivity led to the creation of crucial technologies in the fields of energy, medicine, geology, and more<\/h3>\r\n
- \r\n \t
- Describe nuclear structure and stability<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize nuclear reactions as equations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Perform radioactive decay calculations<\/li>\r\n \t
- Discuss nuclear fission and fusion reactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summarize the common uses of radioactive isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Explain the biological effects of radiation exposure<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
<\/h2>","rendered":"
<\/p>\nThe content, assignments, and assessments in Chemistry for Majors are aligned to the following learning outcomes. A full list of course learning outcomes can be viewed here: Chemistry for Majors Learning Outcomes<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Module 1: Essential Ideas<\/h2>\n
Utilize the essential concepts of chemistry that will serve as foundation blocks to learning chemical components and processes<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe chemistry in context<\/li>\n
- Classify the properties of matter<\/li>\n
- Identify physical and chemical properties of matter<\/li>\n
- Report measurements properly<\/li>\n
- Measure uncertainty, accuracy, and precision<\/li>\n
- Apply dimensional analysis involving two or more properties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions<\/h2>\n
Understand fundamental chemical principles related to the composition of matter and the concept of molecular identity<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Explain the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory<\/li>\n
- Apply the results of early atomic experiments to define the three subatomic particles and isotopes<\/li>\n
- Interpret the atomic structure and determine atomic mass<\/li>\n
- Express chemical formulas in molecular, empirical, and structural form<\/li>\n
- Interpret the periodic table<\/li>\n
- Recognize and predict ionic and covalent compounds<\/li>\n
- Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 3: Composition of Substances and Solutions<\/h2>\n
Make quantitative calculations and determinations about the composition of substances and mixtures<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Relate formula mass, moles, and the numbers of atoms or molecules<\/li>\n
- Determine empirical and molecular formulas<\/li>\n
- Use molarity to calculate solution concentrations and perform dilution calculations<\/li>\n
- Calculate various units of solution concentrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions<\/h2>\n
Determine the quantitative connections between the amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions and symbolize with chemical equations<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Write and balance chemical equations<\/li>\n
- Classify chemical reactions<\/li>\n
- Apply stoichiometry concepts to problems involving mass, moles, and solution molarity<\/li>\n
- Calculate theoretical and percent yield<\/li>\n
- Describe titrations and gravimetric data and apply stoichiometry to both<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 5: Thermochemistry<\/h2>\n
Describe the relationships between chemical changes and thermal energy<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Apply thermochemistry equations involving heat, specific heat, and temperature change<\/li>\n
- Use calorimetry data to solve problems<\/li>\n
- Describe and quantify enthalpy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 6: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements<\/h2>\n
Identify forms of electromagnetic radiation and how they are related to the electronic structure of atoms<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Interpret waves and the nature of light<\/li>\n
- Explain the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom<\/li>\n
- Apply quantum mechanics to the electrons in an atom<\/li>\n
- Predict electron configurations of atoms and the association to element classifications<\/li>\n
- Describe and explain the observed trends in atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity of the elements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 7: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry<\/h2>\n
Explain how individual atoms connect to form more complex structures<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Express the electron structures of cations, anions, and ionic compounds<\/li>\n
- Define covalent bonds and electronegativity<\/li>\n
- Create Lewis symbols and structures<\/li>\n
- Quantify formal charges and resonance using the Lewis structure<\/li>\n
- Understand bond strength and lattice energies<\/li>\n
- Interpret VSEPR theory and polarity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 8: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding<\/h2>\n
Understand valence bond theory, orbital hybridization, and molecular orbital theory in order to interpret unpredictable substance behaviors<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Summarize valence bond theory<\/li>\n
- Describe atomic orbital hybridization<\/li>\n
- Describe multiple covalent bonding and resonance<\/li>\n
- Interpret the molecular orbital theory to determine bond orders and molecular electron configurations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 9: Gases<\/h2>\n
Explain the behaviors of gases by the relationships between gas temperature, pressure, amount, and volume<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Define pressure and pressure units<\/li>\n
- Apply the ideal gas law<\/li>\n
- Use the ideal gas law and Dalton’s law to make calculations<\/li>\n
- Compute rates of effusion<\/li>\n
- Explain the postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory<\/li>\n
- Understand non-ideal gas behaviors and their association to van der Waals equation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 10: Liquids and Solids<\/h2>\n
Explain how the interactions of atoms and molecules affect various physical properties in the liquid and solid phases<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Explain the types of intermolecular forces within a substance<\/li>\n
- Summarize the properties of a liquid<\/li>\n
- Understand the changes that occur at phase transition temperatures<\/li>\n
- Interpret phase diagrams<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties and bonding of the main types of crystalline solids<\/li>\n
- Analyze crystalline structures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 11: Solutions and Colloids<\/h2>\n
Describe the properties and formation of solutions and colloids<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Determine if and how a solution will form<\/li>\n
- Describe the physical and chemical changes that accompany the dissolution of electrolytes<\/li>\n
- Examine the effects of various conditions on solubility<\/li>\n
- Explain colligative properties and the processes of distillation and osmosis<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties and applications of colloids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 12: Kinetics<\/h2>\n
Understand the factors that influence chemical reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, and the quantitative techniques used to describe those rates<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Interpret chemical reaction rate expressions<\/li>\n
- Describe the factors that affect reaction rates<\/li>\n
- Apply rate laws<\/li>\n
- Make integrated rate law calculations<\/li>\n
- State the postulates of collision theory and their relationship to activation energy and transition states<\/li>\n
- Explain the rate law for a given reaction mechanism<\/li>\n
- Understand how catalysts function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 13:<\/em> Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts<\/em><\/h2>\n
Identify the essential aspects of chemical equilibria and analyze a stressed equilibrium system<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe equilibrium systems<\/li>\n
- Make calculations with reaction quotients and equilibrium constants<\/li>\n
- Apply Le Ch\u00e2telier\u2019s principle to predict the response of a stressed equilibrium system<\/li>\n
- Calculate changes in equilibriums concentrations or pressures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 14: Acid-Based Equilibria<\/h2>\n
Explore acid-base chemistry with a focus on the equilibrium aspects of these reactions<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe the behavior of Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acids and bases<\/li>\n
- Apply an understanding of pH and pOH to characterize aqueous solutions and determine ion\u00a0concentrations<\/li>\n
- Perform equilibrium calculations for Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry acid-base systems<\/li>\n
- Understand hydrolysis in salt solutions<\/li>\n
- Apply equilibrium\u00a0concepts to acids and bases<\/li>\n
- Explain acid-base buffers<\/li>\n
- Describe the important stages of acid-base titrations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes<\/h2>\n
Develop a more in-depth understanding of equilibrium, including precipitation and coupled equilibrium reactions<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Use the solubility product in equilibrium problems<\/li>\n
- Apply knowledge of Lewis acids and bases to equilibrium problems<\/li>\n
- Evaluate coupled equilibrium systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 16: Thermodynamics<\/h2>\n
Evaluate possible chemical or physical changes to a reaction under a given set of thermodynamic conditions<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Understand both spontaneous and nonspontaneous\u00a0processes<\/li>\n
- Predict entropy changes<\/li>\n
- Explain the second and third laws of thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Calculate free energy change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 17: Electrochemistry<\/h2>\n
Explore the fundamental aspects of redox chemistry and the technologies made possible from discoveries in the field of\u00a0electrochemistry<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Balance oxidation-reduction reactions<\/li>\n
- Interpret cell notation of\u00a0galvanic cells<\/li>\n
- Explain electrode and cell potentials<\/li>\n
- Relate potential, free energy, and equilibrium through calculations<\/li>\n
- Describe the differences between batteries and fuel cells<\/li>\n
- Identify examples of corrosion<\/li>\n
- Make stoichiometric calculations for electrolytic processes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 18: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals<\/h2>\n
Identify the important properties of representative metals, metalloids, and nonmetals in the periodic table<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Classify and make predictions about the representative elements<\/li>\n
- Describe the occurrence and preparation of the representative metals<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and general properties of the metalloids<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and general properties of nonmetals<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of hydrogen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of some representative metal carbonates<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of nitrogen<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of phosphorus<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of oxygen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of sulfur<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of halogens and halogen compounds<\/li>\n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and uses of the noble gases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry<\/h2>\n
Explore the unique behaviors exhibited by transition metals due to their complex valence shells<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe the properties, preparation, and occurrence of transition metals<\/li>\n
- Identify the properties, structures, names, and occurrence of coordination compounds<\/li>\n
- Understand crystal field theory concepts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 20: Organic Chemistry<\/h2>\n
Explain why the element carbon gives rise to a variety of compounds, and how those organic compounds are classified and used<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Discuss the important properties of hydrocarbons<\/li>\n
- Describe, identify, and draw alcohols and ethers<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and properties of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters<\/li>\n
- Describe the structure and properties of amines and amides<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Module 21: Nuclear Chemistry<\/h2>\n
Understand how the discovery of radioactivity led to the creation of crucial technologies in the fields of energy, medicine, geology, and more<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Describe nuclear structure and stability<\/li>\n
- Summarize nuclear reactions as equations<\/li>\n
- Perform radioactive decay calculations<\/li>\n
- Discuss nuclear fission and fusion reactions<\/li>\n
- Summarize the common uses of radioactive isotopes<\/li>\n
- Explain the biological effects of radiation exposure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Magnify. Authored by<\/strong>: Eucalyp. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Magnify\",\"author\":\"Eucalyp\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/term\/magnify\/1276779\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Learning Outcomes\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-6273","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5163,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7506,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/revisions\/7506"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5163"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6273\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=6273"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=6273"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=6273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Learning Outcomes. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>