{"id":6524,"date":"2020-12-07T17:55:47","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T17:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=6524"},"modified":"2021-07-06T00:27:29","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T00:27:29","slug":"assignment-8","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/chapter\/assignment-8\/","title":{"raw":"Assignment: 8","rendered":"Assignment: 8"},"content":{"raw":"This assignment can be found in Google Docs:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1tqPcqnCsu1P_wReLnPfYVf_xsjm7L8f6XYaMHKO4_lk\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chemistry for Majors Assignment: 8<\/a>\r\n\r\nTo make your own copy to edit:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>If you want a Google Doc<\/strong>: in the file menu of the open document, click \u201cMake a copy.\u201d This will give you your own Google Doc to work from.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>If you want a PDF or Word file<\/strong>: in the file menu of the open document, click \u201cDownload\u201d and select the file type you would like to have (note: depending on the file type you select, the formatting could get jumbled).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>How is a [latex]\\pi[\/latex] bond different from a double bond?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This module touches on a review concept: bond energy. (Figure 1, in 8.1). Does it take energy to break a bond, or does it take energy to make a bond? Explain your understanding of this in two sentences.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using valence bond theory, sketch the atomic orbitals involved in bonding Cl<sub>2<\/sub> and HCl.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How many [latex]\\sigma[\/latex] and [latex]\\pi[\/latex] bonds are present in the molecule CO<sub>2<\/sub>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Give the shape associated with each hybrid orbital set: (a) sp (b) sp<sup>3<\/sup>d<sup>2<\/sup> (c)\u00a0sp<sup>3<\/sup> (d) sp<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\r\n \t<li><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biologyjunction.com\/images\/str5thr.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"140\" \/>Threonine (CH<sub>3<\/sub>CHOHCHNH<sub>2<\/sub>COOH) is an amino acid found in many proteins. The Lewis structure is shown above. Find the hybridization of each non-terminal atom (each carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Write the Lewis structure for nitric acid (HNO<sub>3<\/sub>). Identify the VSEPR geometry for each atom. Then find the hybridization for each atom.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw the molecular orbitals formed by: (a) two s orbitals overlapping (b) two p orbitals overlapping\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Reminder- orbitals are conserved- you get out the same number of orbitals that you start with.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following and state whether the ion will form. (a) F<sub>2<\/sub> (b) F<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> (c) F<sub>2<\/sub><sup>-\u00a0<\/sup>(d) Al<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Calculate the bond order for a molecule with this configuration:\u00a0 \u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Span-289\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-290\" class=\"semantics\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-291\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-292\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-293\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-294\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-295\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-296\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-297\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-298\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-299\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-300\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-301\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-302\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-303\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-304\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-305\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-306\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-307\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-308\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-309\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-310\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-311\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-312\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-313\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-314\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-315\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-316\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-317\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-318\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-319\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-320\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-321\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-322\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-323\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-324\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-325\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-326\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-327\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-328\" class=\"mi\">x<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-329\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-330\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-331\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-332\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-333\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-334\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-335\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-336\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-337\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-338\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-339\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-340\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-341\" class=\"mi\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-342\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-343\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-344\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-345\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-346\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-347\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-348\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-349\" class=\"mi\">z<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-350\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-351\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-352\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-353\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-354\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-355\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-356\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-357\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-358\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-359\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-360\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-361\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-362\" class=\"mi\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-363\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-364\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-365\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-366\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-367\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-368\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-369\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-370\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-371\" class=\"mi\">z<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-372\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-373\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","rendered":"<p>This assignment can be found in Google Docs:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1tqPcqnCsu1P_wReLnPfYVf_xsjm7L8f6XYaMHKO4_lk\/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chemistry for Majors Assignment: 8<\/a><\/p>\n<p>To make your own copy to edit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>If you want a Google Doc<\/strong>: in the file menu of the open document, click \u201cMake a copy.\u201d This will give you your own Google Doc to work from.<\/li>\n<li><strong>If you want a PDF or Word file<\/strong>: in the file menu of the open document, click \u201cDownload\u201d and select the file type you would like to have (note: depending on the file type you select, the formatting could get jumbled).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>How is a [latex]\\pi[\/latex] bond different from a double bond?<\/li>\n<li>This module touches on a review concept: bond energy. (Figure 1, in 8.1). Does it take energy to break a bond, or does it take energy to make a bond? Explain your understanding of this in two sentences.<\/li>\n<li>Using valence bond theory, sketch the atomic orbitals involved in bonding Cl<sub>2<\/sub> and HCl.<\/li>\n<li>How many [latex]\\sigma[\/latex] and [latex]\\pi[\/latex] bonds are present in the molecule CO<sub>2<\/sub>?<\/li>\n<li>Give the shape associated with each hybrid orbital set: (a) sp (b) sp<sup>3<\/sup>d<sup>2<\/sup> (c)\u00a0sp<sup>3<\/sup> (d) sp<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biologyjunction.com\/images\/str5thr.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"140\" alt=\"image\" \/>Threonine (CH<sub>3<\/sub>CHOHCHNH<sub>2<\/sub>COOH) is an amino acid found in many proteins. The Lewis structure is shown above. Find the hybridization of each non-terminal atom (each carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen).<\/li>\n<li>Write the Lewis structure for nitric acid (HNO<sub>3<\/sub>). Identify the VSEPR geometry for each atom. Then find the hybridization for each atom.<\/li>\n<li>Draw the molecular orbitals formed by: (a) two s orbitals overlapping (b) two p orbitals overlapping\n<ol>\n<li>Reminder- orbitals are conserved- you get out the same number of orbitals that you start with.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following and state whether the ion will form. (a) F<sub>2<\/sub> (b) F<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> (c) F<sub>2<\/sub><sup>&#8211;\u00a0<\/sup>(d) Al<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>Calculate the bond order for a molecule with this configuration:\u00a0 \u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Span-289\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-290\" class=\"semantics\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-291\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-292\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-293\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-294\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-295\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-296\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-297\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-298\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-299\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-300\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-301\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-302\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-303\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-304\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-305\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-306\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-307\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-308\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-309\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-310\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-311\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-312\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-313\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-314\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-315\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-316\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-317\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-318\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-319\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-320\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-321\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-322\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-323\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-324\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c3<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-325\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-326\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-327\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-328\" class=\"mi\">x<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-329\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-330\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-331\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-332\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-333\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-334\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-335\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-336\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-337\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-338\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-339\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-340\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-341\" class=\"mi\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-342\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-343\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-344\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-345\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-346\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-347\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-348\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-349\" class=\"mi\">z<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-350\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-351\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/sup><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-352\" class=\"msup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-353\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-354\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-355\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-356\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-357\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-358\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-359\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-360\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-361\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-362\" class=\"mi\">y<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-363\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-364\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-365\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-366\" class=\"mtext\">\u03c0<\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-367\" class=\"mo\">\u2217<\/span><\/sup><sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-368\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-369\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-370\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-371\" class=\"mi\">z<\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-372\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><sup><span id=\"MathJax-Span-373\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"author":17533,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-6524","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3005,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17533"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8191,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6524\/revisions\/8191"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3005"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/6524\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=6524"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=6524"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/chemistryformajors\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=6524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}