{"id":280,"date":"2021-05-28T13:59:04","date_gmt":"2021-05-28T13:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/child\/?post_type=chapter&p=280"},"modified":"2021-05-28T14:35:14","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T14:35:14","slug":"glossary-15","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/child\/chapter\/glossary-15\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary","rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"adoption study:<\/strong> a behavior genetic research method that involves the comparison of adopted children to their adoptive and biological parents\r\n\r\nallele:\u00a0<\/strong>a specific version of a gene\r\n\r\namniotic sac:<\/strong>\u00a0a fluid-filled sac that protects and contains the fetus in the uterus\r\n\r\nbehavioral genetics:\u00a0<\/strong>the empirical science of how genes and environments combine to generate behavior\r\n\r\ncesarean section:<\/strong>\u00a0is the use of surgery to deliver babies through the mother's abdomen and uterus\r\n\r\nchromosome:\u00a0<\/strong>a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism\r\n\r\ndeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):\u00a0<\/strong>a helix-shaped molecule made up of nucleotide base pairs\r\n\r\ndizygotic:\u00a0<\/strong>derived from two separate ova\r\n\r\nembryo:\u00a0a multi-celled organism between two and eight weeks after fertilization<\/strong>\r\n\r\nepigenetics:\u00a0<\/strong>the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence; the prefix epi- means above\r\n\r\nevolutionary psychology:<\/strong>\u00a0a field of psychology that focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time\r\n\r\nfetal alcohol spectrum disorders:<\/strong>\u00a0a group of abnormalities in babies born to mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy\r\n\r\nfetus:<\/strong>\u00a0an unborn human baby from nine weeks after conception until birth\r\n\r\ngamete:\u00a0<\/strong>a male or female reproductive cell\r\n\r\ngenes:\u00a0<\/strong>sequences of DNA that control or partially control a number of characteristics\r\n\r\ngenotype:\u00a0<\/strong>the genetic makeup of an individual\r\n\r\nheterozygous:\u00a0<\/strong>a combination of alleles for a given gene\r\n\r\nhomozygous:\u00a0<\/strong>having two copies of the same allele for a given gene\r\n\r\nmitosis:<\/strong>\u00a0the process of cell division\r\n\r\nmonozygotic:\u00a0<\/strong>derived from a single ovum\r\n\r\nmutation:\u00a0<\/strong>a sudden permanent change in a gene\r\n\r\nphenotype:\u00a0<\/strong>the individual\u2019s inherited physical characteristics\r\n\r\nplacenta:\u00a0<\/strong>an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the prenate\u00a0via the umbilical cord\r\n\r\npregnancy-related death:<\/strong>\u00a0the death of a woman while pregnant or within 1 year of the end of a pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy\r\n\r\nprenatal diagnosis:\u00a0<\/strong>an aspect of prenatal care focused on pursuing additional detailed information once a particular problem has been found\r\n\r\nprenatal screening:\u00a0<\/strong>an aspect of prenatal care focused on finding problems among a large population with affordable and noninvasive methods\r\n\r\nquantitative genetics:\u00a0<\/strong>scientific and mathematical methods for inferring genetic and environmental processes based on the degree of genetic and environmental similarity among organisms\r\n\r\nteratogen:<\/strong>\u00a0any agent which can cause a birth defect\r\n\r\ntheory of evolution by natural selection:<\/strong>\u00a0the process by which organisms change over time so that those with genes and behaviors better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off\r\n\r\ntwin studies:<\/strong>\u00a0a behavior genetic research method that involves a comparison of the similarity of identical (monozygotic; MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic; DZ) twins\r\n\r\nzygote:<\/strong>\u00a0a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge\r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

adoption study:<\/strong> a behavior genetic research method that involves the comparison of adopted children to their adoptive and biological parents<\/p>\n

allele:\u00a0<\/strong>a specific version of a gene<\/p>\n

amniotic sac:<\/strong>\u00a0a fluid-filled sac that protects and contains the fetus in the uterus<\/p>\n

behavioral genetics:\u00a0<\/strong>the empirical science of how genes and environments combine to generate behavior<\/p>\n

cesarean section:<\/strong>\u00a0is the use of surgery to deliver babies through the mother’s abdomen and uterus<\/p>\n

chromosome:\u00a0<\/strong>a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism<\/p>\n

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):\u00a0<\/strong>a helix-shaped molecule made up of nucleotide base pairs<\/p>\n

dizygotic:\u00a0<\/strong>derived from two separate ova<\/p>\n

embryo:\u00a0a multi-celled organism between two and eight weeks after fertilization<\/strong><\/p>\n

epigenetics:\u00a0<\/strong>the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence; the prefix epi- means above<\/p>\n

evolutionary psychology:<\/strong>\u00a0a field of psychology that focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time<\/p>\n

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders:<\/strong>\u00a0a group of abnormalities in babies born to mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy<\/p>\n

fetus:<\/strong>\u00a0an unborn human baby from nine weeks after conception until birth<\/p>\n

gamete:\u00a0<\/strong>a male or female reproductive cell<\/p>\n

genes:\u00a0<\/strong>sequences of DNA that control or partially control a number of characteristics<\/p>\n

genotype:\u00a0<\/strong>the genetic makeup of an individual<\/p>\n

heterozygous:\u00a0<\/strong>a combination of alleles for a given gene<\/p>\n

homozygous:\u00a0<\/strong>having two copies of the same allele for a given gene<\/p>\n

mitosis:<\/strong>\u00a0the process of cell division<\/p>\n

monozygotic:\u00a0<\/strong>derived from a single ovum<\/p>\n

mutation:\u00a0<\/strong>a sudden permanent change in a gene<\/p>\n

phenotype:\u00a0<\/strong>the individual\u2019s inherited physical characteristics<\/p>\n

placenta:\u00a0<\/strong>an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy to provide oxygen and nutrients to the prenate\u00a0via the umbilical cord<\/p>\n

pregnancy-related death:<\/strong>\u00a0the death of a woman while pregnant or within 1 year of the end of a pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy<\/p>\n

prenatal diagnosis:\u00a0<\/strong>an aspect of prenatal care focused on pursuing additional detailed information once a particular problem has been found<\/p>\n

prenatal screening:\u00a0<\/strong>an aspect of prenatal care focused on finding problems among a large population with affordable and noninvasive methods<\/p>\n

quantitative genetics:\u00a0<\/strong>scientific and mathematical methods for inferring genetic and environmental processes based on the degree of genetic and environmental similarity among organisms<\/p>\n

teratogen:<\/strong>\u00a0any agent which can cause a birth defect<\/p>\n

theory of evolution by natural selection:<\/strong>\u00a0the process by which organisms change over time so that those with genes and behaviors better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off<\/p>\n

twin studies:<\/strong>\u00a0a behavior genetic research method that involves a comparison of the similarity of identical (monozygotic; MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic; DZ) twins<\/p>\n

zygote:<\/strong>\u00a0a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge<\/p>\n

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