{"id":367,"date":"2015-02-13T00:31:34","date_gmt":"2015-02-13T00:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/publicspeaking1xmaster\/?post_type=chapter&p=367"},"modified":"2016-08-16T16:04:32","modified_gmt":"2016-08-16T16:04:32","slug":"chapter-1-glossary","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/clinton-publicspeakingprinciples\/chapter\/chapter-1-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary and References","rendered":"Glossary and References"},"content":{"raw":"

Glossary<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
TERM<\/th>\r\nDEFINITION<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Abstract Word<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWords that refer to ideas or concepts that are removed from material reality.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Axiology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA part of worldview; refers to an individual or group\u2019s value system.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Channel<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe means through which the message travels.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Communicator<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe people in the interaction or speech setting who encode and decode messages simultaneously.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Concrete Word<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA word that describes a tangible object that can be perceived through the senses.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Context<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe communication rules that govern different physical settings and\/or different types of relationships.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cosmology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA part of worldview; refers to the way individuals and groups see themselves in relation to other people and their view of their place in the universe.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cultural Noise<\/strong><\/td>\r\nDifferences in worldview that cause message interference.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Decoding<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe process of listening to words and interpreting the words so they are associated with a mental image.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Encoding<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe process of taking a mental image, associating the image with words, and then speaking those words.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Epistemology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group acquires knowledge or what counts as knowledge.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Listening<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe psychological process of interpreting and making sense of the messages we receive.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Message<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe words, nonverbal behavior, or other signals transmitted from one person to another.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Noise<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAnything that interferes with the message transmission or the encoding and decoding process.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nonverbal Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAll of the messages we send --- except for the words we say. Can include appearance, eye behavior, kinesics (body movement), proxemics (use of space), touch, time, and smell.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Norms<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe verbal and nonverbal rules (usually unspoken) that govern communicative behavior.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ontology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA part of worldview; refers to an individual\u2019s or group\u2019s belief system.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Praxeology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group goes about tasks or solving problems.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Psychological Noise<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMessage interference that results from disturbed or excited mental states.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Physiological Noise<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMessage interference that results from bodily discomfort.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Physical Noise<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMessage interference that results when the noise level (as measured in decibels) makes it difficult to hear a message.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Public Speaking<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe act of delivering a speech in front of a live audience.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Worldview<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

References<\/h2>\r\n

Aras, K. (2012). The nuts and bolts of public speaking: Practical tools for powerful presentations. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.thecommunicationfactory.com\/seminars\/skills\/PublicSpeaking.php<\/p>\r\n

Barnlund, D. C. (2008). A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.), Communication <\/em>theory<\/em> (2nd Ed), pp. 47-57. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction.<\/p>\r\n

Farrell, R. (2011). Soft skills all great leaders should have. CareerBuilder. http:\/\/www.careerbuilder.com\/Article\/CB-2335- Leadership-Management-Soft-skills-all-great-leaders-should-have\/<\/p>\r\n

History.com. (2012). The Kennedy- Nixon Debates. History.com. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/kennedy-nixon-debates<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Koncz, A. and Allen, C. (2012). Employers look for communication skills, ability to work in a team in new college grads. www.naceweb.org\/pressreleases\/<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

McKay, J. (2005). Employers complain about communication skills. Pittsburgh Post Gazette.<\/p>\r\n

Rhodes, T. (Ed.) (2010). Assessing outcomes and improving achievement: Tips and tools for using rubrics. Washington D. C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities.<\/p>\r\n

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2009, March 21). Job skills that every college student needs: Writing, speaking, professionalism, and other important knowledge. Suite 101.com. Retrieved from http:\/\/studyskills.suite101.com\/article.cfm\/job_skills_that_every_college _student_needs<\/p>\r\n

Schreiber, L., Paul, G. & Shibley, L. R. (2012). The development and test of the Public Speaking Competence Rubric. Communication Education, <\/em>61 (3)<\/em>, 205 - 233.<\/p>\r\n

Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of <\/em>communication<\/em>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press<\/p>\r\n

U.S. Department of Labor (2000). Skills and tasks for jobs: A SCANS report for America 2000. The Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. Washington, D.C.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

photo credits<\/strong><\/h3>\r\np. 1 The Dali Lama http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Dalai-Lama-talking-to-KD.jpg By Wakan Foundation for the Arts\r\np. 2 Ronsenbaum talking to woman http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Michael_Rosenbaum_(4995506953).jpg By Vagueonthehow\r\np. 2 Alice Walker http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Alice_Walker_(cropped)1.jpg By Virginia Debolt\r\np. 5 The Kennedy \/ Nixon Debate 1960 http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kenned y_Nixon_Debat_(1960).jpg By the National Park Service\r\np. 6 FEMA worker talking to woman http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/co mmons\/1\/17\/FEMA_-_32747_- _FEMA_Community_Relations_worker_talking_to_a_Ohio_resident.jpg Ficara \/ FEMA\r\np. 6 Superfans http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:NFL_Superfans.jpg By HMJD02\r\np. 7 Hand cyclists at Warrior Games http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_- _Talking_technique.jpg By U.S. Army\r\np. 9 Reasons not to like public speaking http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/codepo8\/4 348896264\/by Christian Heilmann\r\np. 9 Woman drawing http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jonnygoldstein\/3958940167\/sizes\/m\/in\/photostream\/ by Jonny Goldstein","rendered":"

Glossary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TERM<\/th>\nDEFINITION<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Abstract Word<\/strong><\/td>\nWords that refer to ideas or concepts that are removed from material reality.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axiology<\/strong><\/td>\nA part of worldview; refers to an individual or group\u2019s value system.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Channel<\/strong><\/td>\nThe means through which the message travels.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Communicator<\/strong><\/td>\nThe people in the interaction or speech setting who encode and decode messages simultaneously.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Concrete Word<\/strong><\/td>\nA word that describes a tangible object that can be perceived through the senses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Context<\/strong><\/td>\nThe communication rules that govern different physical settings and\/or different types of relationships.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cosmology<\/strong><\/td>\nA part of worldview; refers to the way individuals and groups see themselves in relation to other people and their view of their place in the universe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cultural Noise<\/strong><\/td>\nDifferences in worldview that cause message interference.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Decoding<\/strong><\/td>\nThe process of listening to words and interpreting the words so they are associated with a mental image.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Encoding<\/strong><\/td>\nThe process of taking a mental image, associating the image with words, and then speaking those words.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Epistemology<\/strong><\/td>\nA part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group acquires knowledge or what counts as knowledge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Listening<\/strong><\/td>\nThe psychological process of interpreting and making sense of the messages we receive.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Message<\/strong><\/td>\nThe words, nonverbal behavior, or other signals transmitted from one person to another.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Noise<\/strong><\/td>\nAnything that interferes with the message transmission or the encoding and decoding process.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nonverbal Behavior<\/strong><\/td>\nAll of the messages we send — except for the words we say. Can include appearance, eye behavior, kinesics (body movement), proxemics (use of space), touch, time, and smell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Norms<\/strong><\/td>\nThe verbal and nonverbal rules (usually unspoken) that govern communicative behavior.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ontology<\/strong><\/td>\nA part of worldview; refers to an individual\u2019s or group\u2019s belief system.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Praxeology<\/strong><\/td>\nA part of worldview; refers to the way an individual or group goes about tasks or solving problems.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Psychological Noise<\/strong><\/td>\nMessage interference that results from disturbed or excited mental states.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physiological Noise<\/strong><\/td>\nMessage interference that results from bodily discomfort.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Physical Noise<\/strong><\/td>\nMessage interference that results when the noise level (as measured in decibels) makes it difficult to hear a message.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Public Speaking<\/strong><\/td>\nThe act of delivering a speech in front of a live audience.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Worldview<\/strong><\/td>\nThe overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

References<\/h2>\n

Aras, K. (2012). The nuts and bolts of public speaking: Practical tools for powerful presentations. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.thecommunicationfactory.com\/seminars\/skills\/PublicSpeaking.php<\/p>\n

Barnlund, D. C. (2008). A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.), Communication <\/em>theory<\/em> (2nd Ed), pp. 47-57. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction.<\/p>\n

Farrell, R. (2011). Soft skills all great leaders should have. CareerBuilder. http:\/\/www.careerbuilder.com\/Article\/CB-2335- Leadership-Management-Soft-skills-all-great-leaders-should-have\/<\/p>\n

History.com. (2012). The Kennedy- Nixon Debates. History.com. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/kennedy-nixon-debates<\/a><\/p>\n

Koncz, A. and Allen, C. (2012). Employers look for communication skills, ability to work in a team in new college grads. www.naceweb.org\/pressreleases\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

McKay, J. (2005). Employers complain about communication skills. Pittsburgh Post Gazette.<\/p>\n

Rhodes, T. (Ed.) (2010). Assessing outcomes and improving achievement: Tips and tools for using rubrics. Washington D. C.: Association of American Colleges and Universities.<\/p>\n

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2009, March 21). Job skills that every college student needs: Writing, speaking, professionalism, and other important knowledge. Suite 101.com. Retrieved from http:\/\/studyskills.suite101.com\/article.cfm\/job_skills_that_every_college _student_needs<\/p>\n

Schreiber, L., Paul, G. & Shibley, L. R. (2012). The development and test of the Public Speaking Competence Rubric. Communication Education, <\/em>61 (3)<\/em>, 205 – 233.<\/p>\n

Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of <\/em>communication<\/em>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press<\/p>\n

U.S. Department of Labor (2000). Skills and tasks for jobs: A SCANS report for America 2000. The Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. Washington, D.C.<\/p>\n

photo credits<\/strong><\/h3>\n

p. 1 The Dali Lama http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Dalai-Lama-talking-to-KD.jpg By Wakan Foundation for the Arts
\np. 2 Ronsenbaum talking to woman http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Michael_Rosenbaum_(4995506953).jpg By Vagueonthehow
\np. 2 Alice Walker http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Alice_Walker_(cropped)1.jpg By Virginia Debolt
\np. 5 The Kennedy \/ Nixon Debate 1960 http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kenned y_Nixon_Debat_(1960).jpg By the National Park Service
\np. 6 FEMA worker talking to woman http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/co mmons\/1\/17\/FEMA_-_32747_- _FEMA_Community_Relations_worker_talking_to_a_Ohio_resident.jpg Ficara \/ FEMA
\np. 6 Superfans http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:NFL_Superfans.jpg By HMJD02
\np. 7 Hand cyclists at Warrior Games http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File: Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_- _Talking_technique.jpg By U.S. Army
\np. 9 Reasons not to like public speaking http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/codepo8\/4 348896264\/by Christian Heilmann
\np. 9 Woman drawing http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jonnygoldstein\/3958940167\/sizes\/m\/in\/photostream\/ by Jonny Goldstein<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

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Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t
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