{"id":383,"date":"2016-05-16T18:44:47","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T18:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/contemporaryhealthissuesxpierce\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=383"},"modified":"2016-07-01T19:02:08","modified_gmt":"2016-07-01T19:02:08","slug":"the-basics","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/contemporaryhealthissuesxpierce\/chapter\/the-basics\/","title":{"raw":"Essential Nutrients","rendered":"Essential Nutrients"},"content":{"raw":"Nutrition can be defined as the science of food, beverages, and their components in biological systems. A nutrient is a compound that provides a needed function in the body. Nutrients can be further classified based on the amount needed in the body.\r\n<h2>Essential Nutrients<\/h2>\r\nThe six Essential Nutrients are the nutrients that our bodies need in order to survive. They can be broken into two categories: macronutrients and micronutrients. Throughout this class we will go into more detail about each of the essential nutrients.\r\n\r\nMacronutrients are nutrients needed in larger amounts. \u00a0There are four macronutrients which include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>carbohydrates<\/li>\r\n \t<li>lipids<\/li>\r\n \t<li>protein<\/li>\r\n \t<li>water<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMicronutrients are nutrients needed in smaller amounts, but they are still considered essential. There are two groups of micronutrients which are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>vitamins<\/li>\r\n \t<li>minerals<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Carbohydrates<\/h3>\r\nCarbohydrates are the primary form of energy. The name carbohydrate means \"hydrated carbon\" or carbon with water. Thus, it isn't a surprise that carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sucrose (table sugar) is an example of a commonly consumed carbohydrate. Some dietary examples of carbohydrates are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, rice, sugary snacks\/drinks, and pasta.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1025\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2016\/01\/25205500\/3056490409_40f43e31ff_z.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-1025\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184303\/3056490409_40f43e31ff_z.jpg\" alt=\"Grains, such as those in this whole wheat bread, are carbohydrates.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a> Grains, such as those in this whole wheat bread, are carbohydrates.[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Lipids (Fats)<\/h3>\r\nLipids consist of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols (i.e. cholesterol). Lipids are also composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some dietary sources of lipids include oils, butter, and egg yolks.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_315\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/6689005901_5aeae670e8_m.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-315\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184305\/6689005901_5aeae670e8_m.jpg\" alt=\"Melting Butter in a pan.\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a> Butter is a food source of lipids.[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Proteins<\/h3>\r\nProteins are also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they also contain nitrogen. Several dietary sources of proteins include nuts, beans\/legumes, skim milk, egg whites, and meat.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_317\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/5530755217_9a18f2348b_m.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-317\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184307\/5530755217_9a18f2348b_m.jpg\" alt=\"Fried egg in pan\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a> Eggs are a source of protein.[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Water<\/h3>\r\nWater is made up of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O) and is the only macronutrient that doesn't provide energy.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_318\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"192\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/1695650382_989846bf18_m.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-318\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184308\/1695650382_989846bf18_m.jpg\" alt=\"Glass of Water\" width=\"192\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a> Thirsty? There is a reason.[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Vitamins<\/h3>\r\nVitamins are compounds that are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_320\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/2260527943_a979839986_m.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-320\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184309\/2260527943_a979839986_m.jpg\" alt=\"Orange Slice\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" \/><\/a> Oranges are a food source for Vitamin C.[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Minerals<\/h3>\r\nMinerals are elements (think periodic table) that are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_321\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/2435626898_b04c5e7f1f_m.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-321\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184310\/2435626898_b04c5e7f1f_m.jpg\" alt=\"Spilled salt\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a> Table salt is a food source for sodium, a mineral.[\/caption]","rendered":"<p>Nutrition can be defined as the science of food, beverages, and their components in biological systems. A nutrient is a compound that provides a needed function in the body. Nutrients can be further classified based on the amount needed in the body.<\/p>\n<h2>Essential Nutrients<\/h2>\n<p>The six Essential Nutrients are the nutrients that our bodies need in order to survive. They can be broken into two categories: macronutrients and micronutrients. Throughout this class we will go into more detail about each of the essential nutrients.<\/p>\n<p>Macronutrients are nutrients needed in larger amounts. \u00a0There are four macronutrients which include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>carbohydrates<\/li>\n<li>lipids<\/li>\n<li>protein<\/li>\n<li>water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Micronutrients are nutrients needed in smaller amounts, but they are still considered essential. There are two groups of micronutrients which are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vitamins<\/li>\n<li>minerals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Carbohydrates<\/h3>\n<p>Carbohydrates are the primary form of energy. The name carbohydrate means &#8220;hydrated carbon&#8221; or carbon with water. Thus, it isn&#8217;t a surprise that carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sucrose (table sugar) is an example of a commonly consumed carbohydrate. Some dietary examples of carbohydrates are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, rice, sugary snacks\/drinks, and pasta.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1025\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images-archive-read-only\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2016\/01\/25205500\/3056490409_40f43e31ff_z.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1025\" class=\"wp-image-1025\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184303\/3056490409_40f43e31ff_z.jpg\" alt=\"Grains, such as those in this whole wheat bread, are carbohydrates.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-1025\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grains, such as those in this whole wheat bread, are carbohydrates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Lipids (Fats)<\/h3>\n<p>Lipids consist of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols (i.e. cholesterol). Lipids are also composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some dietary sources of lipids include oils, butter, and egg yolks.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_315\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/6689005901_5aeae670e8_m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-315\" class=\"size-full wp-image-315\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184305\/6689005901_5aeae670e8_m.jpg\" alt=\"Melting Butter in a pan.\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-315\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butter is a food source of lipids.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Proteins<\/h3>\n<p>Proteins are also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they also contain nitrogen. Several dietary sources of proteins include nuts, beans\/legumes, skim milk, egg whites, and meat.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_317\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/5530755217_9a18f2348b_m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-317\" class=\"size-full wp-image-317\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184307\/5530755217_9a18f2348b_m.jpg\" alt=\"Fried egg in pan\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eggs are a source of protein.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Water<\/h3>\n<p>Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O) and is the only macronutrient that doesn&#8217;t provide energy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_318\" style=\"width: 202px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/1695650382_989846bf18_m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-318\" class=\"size-full wp-image-318\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184308\/1695650382_989846bf18_m.jpg\" alt=\"Glass of Water\" width=\"192\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-318\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thirsty? There is a reason.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Vitamins<\/h3>\n<p>Vitamins are compounds that are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_320\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/2260527943_a979839986_m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-320\" class=\"size-full wp-image-320\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184309\/2260527943_a979839986_m.jpg\" alt=\"Orange Slice\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-320\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oranges are a food source for Vitamin C.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Minerals<\/h3>\n<p>Minerals are elements (think periodic table) that are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_321\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/nutritionxmaster\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/933\/2015\/11\/2435626898_b04c5e7f1f_m.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-321\" class=\"size-full wp-image-321\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/88\/2016\/05\/16184310\/2435626898_b04c5e7f1f_m.jpg\" alt=\"Spilled salt\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-321\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Table salt is a food source for sodium, a mineral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-383\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Nutrition. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pierce College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pierce.ctc.edu\/\">http:\/\/www.pierce.ctc.edu\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>The Kansas State University Human Nutrition (HN 400) Flexbook. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Brian L. Lindshield and Koushik Adhikari. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Kansas State University. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/krex.ksu.edu\">http:\/\/krex.ksu.edu<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Specific attribution<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>112408 008 (Whole Grain Bread). <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Laura H-B. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/laurahb\/3056490409\/in\/photolist-dsLMkV-8htuME-9LTUBJ-6UjEZw-AUDKjF-BJMfkn-fwCckq-5csq5g-BGtvd7-Biy9qa-BpW6xN-AUE1XK-AUDY7z-6TzrBP-6Tzsai-6Tzs1p-6Tzrv6-6Tzs6n-6TDsSA-6TDtpm-6TDsXq-3QHgEn-eDEDdi-9DpnuX-2PAJR4-5EaAZy-5EaB6b-5EaB3w-5E6jc6-5E6j7v-5EaB1S-3jocR-dEQyvJ-aiidCA-5EaB7E-9ykcCa-9QwrdK-nXrEDR-7ft5p2-7ft5wa-7hXw7b-7cNtx2-4w5saU-96WgyL-qcxhLM-aLj2T4-5Bi576-5Bngtf-b8s48x-m12C3\">https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/laurahb\/3056490409\/in\/photolist-dsLMkV-8htuME-9LTUBJ-6UjEZw-AUDKjF-BJMfkn-fwCckq-5csq5g-BGtvd7-Biy9qa-BpW6xN-AUE1XK-AUDY7z-6TzrBP-6Tzsai-6Tzs1p-6Tzrv6-6Tzs6n-6TDsSA-6TDtpm-6TDsXq-3QHgEn-eDEDdi-9DpnuX-2PAJR4-5EaAZy-5EaB6b-5EaB3w-5E6jc6-5E6j7v-5EaB1S-3jocR-dEQyvJ-aiidCA-5EaB7E-9ykcCa-9QwrdK-nXrEDR-7ft5p2-7ft5wa-7hXw7b-7cNtx2-4w5saU-96WgyL-qcxhLM-aLj2T4-5Bi576-5Bngtf-b8s48x-m12C3<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Melting butter. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Taryn. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/bc5UpX\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/bc5UpX<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Fried Duck Egg March 12, 20113. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Steven Depolo. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/9qJyQz\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/9qJyQz<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Glass of Water. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Greg Riegler. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/3zQDMq\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/3zQDMq<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Orange Wedge. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Adriu00e0 Ariste Santacreu. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/4rKNcH\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/4rKNcH<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>salt shaker. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Karyn Christner. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Flickr. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/4Hee2d\">https:\/\/flic.kr\/p\/4Hee2d<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":18,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc-attribution\",\"description\":\"112408 008 (Whole Grain Bread)\",\"author\":\"Laura H-B\",\"organization\":\"Flickr\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/laurahb\/3056490409\/in\/photolist-dsLMkV-8htuME-9LTUBJ-6UjEZw-AUDKjF-BJMfkn-fwCckq-5csq5g-BGtvd7-Biy9qa-BpW6xN-AUE1XK-AUDY7z-6TzrBP-6Tzsai-6Tzs1p-6Tzrv6-6Tzs6n-6TDsSA-6TDtpm-6TDsXq-3QHgEn-eDEDdi-9DpnuX-2PAJR4-5EaAZy-5EaB6b-5EaB3w-5E6jc6-5E6j7v-5EaB1S-3jocR-dEQyvJ-aiidCA-5EaB7E-9ykcCa-9QwrdK-nXrEDR-7ft5p2-7ft5wa-7hXw7b-7cNtx2-4w5saU-96WgyL-qcxhLM-aLj2T4-5Bi576-5Bngtf-b8s48x-m12C3\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc-attribution\",\"description\":\"Melting 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