Identifying the Intercepts on the Graph of a Line

Learning Outcomes

  • Identify the x and y-intercepts of a line given in equation form
  • Identify the x and y-intercepts of a line given in graph form

Every linear equation has a unique line that represents all the solutions of the equation. When graphing a line by plotting points, each person who graphs the line can choose any three points, so two people graphing the line might use different sets of points.

At first glance, their two lines might appear different since they would have different points labeled. But if all the work was done correctly, the lines will be exactly the same line. One way to recognize that they are indeed the same line is to focus on where the line crosses the axes. Each of these points is called an intercept of the line.

Intercepts of a Line

Each of the points at which a line crosses the [latex]x\text{-axis}[/latex] and the [latex]y\text{-axis}[/latex] is called an intercept of the line.

Let’s look at the graph of the lines shown below.

The graph shows the x y-coordinate plane. The x and y-axis each run from -7 to 7. A line passes through two labeled points,
First, notice where each of these lines crosses the x– axis:

Figure: The line crosses the x-axis at: Ordered pair of this point
[latex]a[/latex] [latex]3[/latex] [latex](3,0)[/latex]
[latex]b[/latex] [latex]4[/latex] [latex](4,0)[/latex]
[latex]b[/latex] [latex]5[/latex] [latex](5,0)[/latex]
[latex]d[/latex] [latex]0[/latex] [latex](0,0)[/latex]

Do you see a pattern?

For each row, the y- coordinate of the point where the line crosses the x- axis is zero. The point where the line crosses the x- axis has the form [latex]\left(a,0\right)[/latex] ; and is called the x-intercept of the line. The x- intercept occurs when y is zero.

Now, let’s look at the points where these lines cross the y-axis.

Figure: The line crosses the y-axis at: Ordered pair for this point
[latex]a[/latex] [latex]6[/latex] [latex](0,6)[/latex]
[latex]b[/latex] [latex]-3[/latex] [latex](0,-3)[/latex]
[latex]c[/latex] [latex]-5[/latex] [latex](0,-5)[/latex]
[latex]d[/latex] [latex]0[/latex] [latex](0,0)[/latex]

x- intercept and y- intercept of a line

The [latex]x\text{-intercept}[/latex] is the point, [latex]\left(a,0\right)[/latex], where the graph crosses the [latex]x\text{-axis}[/latex]. The [latex]x\text{-intercept}[/latex] occurs when [latex]\text{y}[/latex] is zero.
The [latex]y\text{-intercept}[/latex] is the point, [latex]\left(0,b\right)[/latex], where the graph crosses the [latex]y\text{-axis}[/latex]. The [latex]y\text{-intercept}[/latex] occurs when [latex]\text{x}[/latex] is zero.

 

example

Find the [latex]x\text{- and }y\text{-intercepts}[/latex] of each line:

1. [latex]x+2y=4[/latex] The graph shows the x y-coordinate plane. The x and y-axis each run from -7 to 7. A line passes through the points
2. [latex]3x-y=6[/latex] The graph shows the x y-coordinate plane. The x and y-axis each run from -7 to 7. A line passes through the points
3. [latex]x+y=-5[/latex] The graph shows the x y-coordinate plane. The x and y-axis each run from -7 to 7. A line passes through the points

Solution

1.
The graph crosses the x-axis at the point [latex](4, 0)[/latex]. The x-intercept is [latex](4, 0)[/latex].
The graph crosses the y-axis at the point [latex](0, 2)[/latex]. The y-intercept is [latex](0, 2)[/latex].
2.
The graph crosses the x-axis at the point [latex](2, 0)[/latex]. The x-intercept is [latex](2, 0)[/latex]
The graph crosses the y-axis at the point [latex](0, −6)[/latex]. The y-intercept is [latex](0, −6)[/latex].
3.
The graph crosses the x-axis at the point [latex](−5, 0)[/latex]. The x-intercept is [latex](−5, 0)[/latex].
The graph crosses the y-axis at the point [latex](0, −5)[/latex]. The y-intercept is [latex](0, −5)[/latex].

 

try it

Recognizing that the [latex]x\text{-intercept}[/latex] occurs when [latex]y[/latex] is zero and that the [latex]y\text{-intercept}[/latex] occurs when [latex]x[/latex] is zero gives us a method to find the intercepts of a line from its equation. To find the [latex]x\text{-intercept,}[/latex] let [latex]y=0[/latex] and solve for [latex]x[/latex]. To find the [latex]y\text{-intercept}[/latex], let [latex]x=0[/latex] and solve for [latex]y[/latex].

In the following video, we provide another example of how to find the intercepts of a line from a graph.

Find the x and y from the Equation of a Line

Use the equation to find:

the x-intercept of the line, let [latex]y=0[/latex] and solve for x.

the y-intercept of the line, let [latex]x=0[/latex] and solve for y.

[latex]x[/latex] [latex]y[/latex]
[latex]0[/latex]
[latex]0[/latex]

 

example

Find the intercepts of [latex]2x+y=6[/latex]

We’ll fill in the table below.

...
To find the x- intercept, let [latex]y=0[/latex] :

[latex]2x+y=6[/latex]
Substitute [latex]0[/latex] for y. [latex]2x+\color{red}{0}=6[/latex]
Add. [latex]2x=6[/latex]
Divide by [latex]2[/latex]. [latex]x=3[/latex]
The x-intercept is [latex](3, 0)[/latex].

To find the y- intercept, let [latex]x=0[/latex] :

[latex]2x+y=6[/latex]
Substitute [latex]0[/latex] for x. [latex]2\cdot\color{red}{0}+y=6[/latex]
Multiply. [latex]0+y=6[/latex]
Add. [latex]y=6[/latex]
The y-intercept is [latex](0, 6)[/latex].

...
The intercepts are the points [latex]\left(3,0\right)[/latex] and [latex]\left(0,6\right)[/latex] .

 

try it

 

example

Find the intercepts of [latex]4x - 3y=12[/latex]

 

try it

In the following example we show you how to find the intercepts of a line given in a different form than the examples above.