- Social Evolution (Unilineal Evolution): E. B. Tylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Herbert Spencer
- Historical Particularism: Franz Boas and Alfred Kroeber
- Functionalism: Herbert Spencer, Émile Durkheim, and Bronislaw Malinowski
- Structural Functionalism: A.R Radcliffe-Brown
- Culture and Personality: Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead
- Cultural Ecology: Julian Steward and Leslie White
- Structural Anthropology: Claude Lévi-Strauss
- Cultural Materialism: Marvin Harris
- Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology: Victor Turner, Clifford Geertz, and David Schneider
- The British school : Victor Turner and Mary Douglas.
- The American school: Clifford Geertz and Sherry Ortner
- Postmodernism
- Feminist Anthropology