{"id":277,"date":"2016-05-19T20:41:35","date_gmt":"2016-05-19T20:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/waymaker-level2-english\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=277"},"modified":"2016-11-08T00:29:17","modified_gmt":"2016-11-08T00:29:17","slug":"text-advanced-verb-tenses","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/chapter\/text-advanced-verb-tenses\/","title":{"raw":"Advanced Verb Tenses","rendered":"Advanced Verb Tenses"},"content":{"raw":"Now we've mastered\u00a0the different pieces that we need to understand in order to discuss some\u00a0more advanced tenses. These advanced tenses were mentioned\u00a0briefly in\u00a0<a href=\".\/chapter\/text-verb-types\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text: Verb Types<\/a>, and they came up again in\u00a0<a href=\".\/chapter\/text-non-finite-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text: Non-Finite Verbs<\/a>. These forms are created with\u00a0different forms of\u00a0<em>to be\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>to have<\/em>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>He <strong>had\u00a0eaten<\/strong> everything by the time we got there.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>She\u00a0<strong>is waiting<\/strong> for us to get there!<\/li>\r\n \t<li>He <strong>will have broken<\/strong> it by next Thursday, you can be sure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>She <strong>was singing<\/strong> for eight hours.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1684\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/27215706\/Grammer-module-graphic-final-ol.jpg\" alt=\"The different conjugations of the verb to work. The verbs are placed in a sliding scale. The furthest in the past is had worked, then had been working, then worked, then was worked. The present include has worked, has been working, work, and is working. The future is will have worked, will have been working, will work, and will be working.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"268\" \/>\r\n\r\nWhen you combine a form of\u00a0<em>to be<\/em> with the present participle, you create a\u00a0<strong>continuous\u00a0tense;<\/strong>\u00a0these tenses\u00a0indicate\u00a0a sense of continuity. The subject of the sentence was (or is, or will be) doing that thing for awhile.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Present:<\/strong> is working<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Past:\u00a0<\/strong>was working<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will be working (You can also say \"is going to be working.\")<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nConvert these\u00a0sentences from simple tenses to continuous tenses:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara will fly a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"650869\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"650869\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The past continuous is <em>was<\/em> + present participle, so the correct sentence is\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ivone <strong>was\u00a0writing<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The future continuous is either <em>will be<\/em> + present participle or\u00a0<em>is going to be<\/em> + present participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will be flying<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>is going to be\u00a0flying<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The present\u00a0continuous is <em>is<\/em>\u00a0+ present participle, so the correct sentence is:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Zachi <strong>is reading<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhen you combine a form of\u00a0<em>to have<\/em> with the past participle of a verb, you create a <strong>perfect tense<\/strong>; these tenses indicate a sense of completion. This thing had been done for a while (or has been, or will have been).\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><strong>Present:<\/strong> <\/b><span class=\"s1\">has worked<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><strong>Past:\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\">had worked<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will have worked<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nConvert these sentences from simple tenses to perfect\u00a0tenses:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara will\u00a0fly\u00a0a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"650868\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"650868\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The past perfect is <em>had<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ivone <strong>had written<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The future perfect is\u00a0<em>will have<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will have\u00a0flown<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The present perfect is <em>has<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Zachi <strong>has read<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nYou can also use\u00a0these together. <em>To have<\/em>\u00a0must always appear first, followed by the past participle\u00a0<em>been<\/em>. The present participle of any verb can then follow. These\u00a0<strong>perfect continuous tenses<\/strong> indicate that the verb\u00a0started in the past, and is still continuing:\r\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Present:<\/b>\u00a0has been working<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Past:<\/b>\u00a0had been working<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will have been working<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\r\nConvert these\u00a0sentences from simple tenses to perfect continuous tenses:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara will\u00a0fly a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"650867\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"650867\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The past perfect continuous is <em>had been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ivone <strong>had been writing<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The future perfect continuous is\u00a0<em>will have been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will have been flying<\/strong>\u00a0a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The present perfect continuous is <em>has been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Zachi <strong>has been reading<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>Now we&#8217;ve mastered\u00a0the different pieces that we need to understand in order to discuss some\u00a0more advanced tenses. These advanced tenses were mentioned\u00a0briefly in\u00a0<a href=\".\/chapter\/text-verb-types\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text: Verb Types<\/a>, and they came up again in\u00a0<a href=\".\/chapter\/text-non-finite-verbs\/\" target=\"_blank\">Text: Non-Finite Verbs<\/a>. These forms are created with\u00a0different forms of\u00a0<em>to be\u00a0<\/em>and\u00a0<em>to have<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>He <strong>had\u00a0eaten<\/strong> everything by the time we got there.<\/li>\n<li>She\u00a0<strong>is waiting<\/strong> for us to get there!<\/li>\n<li>He <strong>will have broken<\/strong> it by next Thursday, you can be sure.<\/li>\n<li>She <strong>was singing<\/strong> for eight hours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1684\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2016\/07\/27215706\/Grammer-module-graphic-final-ol.jpg\" alt=\"The different conjugations of the verb to work. The verbs are placed in a sliding scale. The furthest in the past is had worked, then had been working, then worked, then was worked. The present include has worked, has been working, work, and is working. The future is will have worked, will have been working, will work, and will be working.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"268\" \/><\/p>\n<p>When you combine a form of\u00a0<em>to be<\/em> with the present participle, you create a\u00a0<strong>continuous\u00a0tense;<\/strong>\u00a0these tenses\u00a0indicate\u00a0a sense of continuity. The subject of the sentence was (or is, or will be) doing that thing for awhile.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Present:<\/strong> is working<\/li>\n<li><strong>Past:\u00a0<\/strong>was working<\/li>\n<li><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will be working (You can also say &#8220;is going to be working.&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Convert these\u00a0sentences from simple tenses to continuous tenses:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara will fly a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q650869\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q650869\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The past continuous is <em>was<\/em> + present participle, so the correct sentence is\n<ul>\n<li>Ivone <strong>was\u00a0writing<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The future continuous is either <em>will be<\/em> + present participle or\u00a0<em>is going to be<\/em> + present participle:\n<ul>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will be flying<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>is going to be\u00a0flying<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The present\u00a0continuous is <em>is<\/em>\u00a0+ present participle, so the correct sentence is:\n<ul>\n<li>Zachi <strong>is reading<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When you combine a form of\u00a0<em>to have<\/em> with the past participle of a verb, you create a <strong>perfect tense<\/strong>; these tenses indicate a sense of completion. This thing had been done for a while (or has been, or will have been).<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><strong>Present:<\/strong> <\/b><span class=\"s1\">has worked<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><strong>Past:\u00a0<\/strong><\/b><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\">had worked<\/span><b><\/b><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will have worked<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Convert these sentences from simple tenses to perfect\u00a0tenses:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara will\u00a0fly\u00a0a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q650868\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q650868\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The past perfect is <em>had<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>Ivone <strong>had written<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The future perfect is\u00a0<em>will have<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will have\u00a0flown<\/strong> a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The present perfect is <em>has<\/em>\u00a0+ past\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>Zachi <strong>has read<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>You can also use\u00a0these together. <em>To have<\/em>\u00a0must always appear first, followed by the past participle\u00a0<em>been<\/em>. The present participle of any verb can then follow. These\u00a0<strong>perfect continuous tenses<\/strong> indicate that the verb\u00a0started in the past, and is still continuing:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Present:<\/b>\u00a0has been working<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Past:<\/b>\u00a0had been working<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><b><\/b><span class=\"s1\"><b>Future:\u00a0<\/b>will have been working<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Convert these\u00a0sentences from simple tenses to perfect continuous tenses:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ivone wrote a collection of short stories entitled\u00a0<i>Vidas Vividas<\/i>.<\/li>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara will\u00a0fly a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<li>Zachi reads all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q650867\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q650867\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The past perfect continuous is <em>had been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>Ivone <strong>had been writing<\/strong>\u00a0a collection of short stories entitled <em>Vidas Vividas<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The future perfect continuous is\u00a0<em>will have been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>As a pilot, Sara <strong>will have been flying<\/strong>\u00a0a lot of cross-country flights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The present perfect continuous is <em>has been<\/em>\u00a0+ present\u00a0participle:\n<ul>\n<li>Zachi <strong>has been reading<\/strong>\u00a0all of the latest articles on archeology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-277\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Text: Advanced Verb Tenses. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Text: Advanced Verb Tenses\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-277","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2017,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2114,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/revisions\/2114"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2017"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/277\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/cuny-ccny-introtocollegecomp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}