When you’re starting off in school, you might be convinced that you will never plagiarize. While it’s helpful to value and identify with academic integrity, it doesn’t hurt to consider common scenarios that lead students to cheat so you can recognize and defuse them if you encounter them during your time in school.

Manage Your Time

Let’s say it’s the night before a big paper is due, and you haven’t started it. An assignment that would have been manageable had you spaced it out over a few weeks now seems completely impossible. You truly feel that you have run out of time. You may feel tempted to try to use other people’s work to piece together a paper to submit on time.

Plagiarism is often the result of procrastination. Doing research, writing your paper, and incorporating sources correctly takes time. Cobbling your paper together the night before it is due leaves you susceptible to unintentional plagiarism. In your rush, you may use your sources improperly or forget to cite.

Waiting until the last minute to do your paper also increases the appeal of buying a paper online or trying to turn in a paper you wrote previously for a different class. Of course, you would never do that! But other students have, and they have faced serious consequences.

Keep Track of Your Sources

Figure 1. In this color-coded note-taking system, you can identify what was written in your own words and what was taken from somewhere else.

When you do research, make sure that you use a note-taking system that clearly differentiates the following things: your own personal thoughts on the sources, quotes taken directly from the sources (with a page number), and summaries or paraphrases of the source.

One strategy you could apply during your note-taking is the use of different colors to differentiate what text was copied directly from the source from what you wrote using your own words. Here’s an example:

Reference management websites and applications are excellent tools to help you keep track of your sources. Most of these websites are free and will even create the works cited page for you! Some of the most popular citation tools are:

• Zotero
• RefME (which works with Evernote)
• BibMe
• Mendeley

Pick one of these helpful tools at the beginning of your research and use it during your initial searches to ensure you always keep track of your materials.

Ignore External Pressures

Another situation that might lead you to academic dishonesty is peer pressure. Maybe instead of you, it’s your best friend who left her paper until the last minute, and she asks you to write it for her because she’s too stressed and tired to do it herself. It can be very hard to say no. Similarly, peer pressure can show up in other forms, such as:

• A classmate pressuring you to share your past assignments so they can “use them as a reference.”
• A friend asking to copy your homework, insisting it’s no big deal.
• A group working on a project where someone suggests taking shortcuts, like copying answers from online sources, and expecting everyone to go along with it.

There’s also the pressure to perform academically. Students can face an immense amount of pressure to achieve high grades, whether it’s to keep their academic-based scholarships, to ensure they pass a class they are close to failing, or to please their parents or other people who are invested in their academic performance.

Understand the Definition of Plagiarism

Finally, students may plagiarize because they do not understand that what they are doing is plagiarism.

Remember, submitting other people’s work as your own or doing other students’ assignments for them does not contribute to your overall goals at school of learning the course material and demonstrating your knowledge. No matter how dire a situation might seem, be it turning in an assignment on time, or achieving a high enough grade to pass a class, there are other ways of dealing with these situations that do not require plagiarism.

Cite Your Sources

The most essential way to avoid plagiarism is to properly cite your sources. To write a proper citation we recommend following these steps, which will help you maintain accuracy and clarity in acknowledging sources.

Step 1: Choose Your Citation Style

Find out the name of the citation style you must use from your instructor, the directions for an assignment, or what you know your audience or publisher expects. This will often be either APA or MLA format, and instructions for those citations are found in this course or are easily available online—the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) or your style’s stylebook/handbook can give you detailed instructions.

Step 2: Create In-Text Citations

Find and read your style’s rules about in-text citations, which are usually very thorough. Luckily, there are usually examples provided that make it a lot easier to learn the rules.

Step 3: Determine the Kind of Source

After creating your in-text citation, begin creating the full bibliographic citation that will appear on the References or Bibliography page by deciding what kind of source you have to cite (book, film, journal article, webpage, etc.).

Step 4: Study Your Style’s Rules for Bibliographic Citations

Next, you’ll need a full bibliographic citation for the same source. This citation will appear on the References page, Bibliography page, or Works Cited page. (APA style, which we’re using here, requires a page called References.) Bibliographic citations usually contain more publication facts than you used for your in-text citation, and the formatting for all of them is very specific.

Step 5: Create End Citations for Each of Your Sources

Next, you’ll figure out which bibliographic citation rules apply to the source for which you’ve just created an in-text citation. Then, apply them to create your first bibliographic citation.