{"id":1033,"date":"2020-01-17T17:39:42","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T17:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/coreqenglish1\/chapter\/text-adjectives-and-adverbs\/"},"modified":"2025-02-28T17:26:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T17:26:09","slug":"adverbs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/adverbs\/","title":{"raw":"Adverbs","rendered":"Adverbs"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Correctly identify and use adverbs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Adverbs<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Adverbs\u00a0<\/strong>are words that modify or describe a\u00a0<strong>verb<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>adjective<\/strong>, or another adverb. Adverbs are easily identified because they often end in\u00a0<strong>ly<\/strong>, but this is not always the case.\r\n\r\nDescriptions make our writing rich and specific, so we shouldn\u2019t be afraid of using adjectives and adverbs in our sentences.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Adverbs and adjectives<\/h3>\r\nLook at these three sentences:\r\n<div class=\"purple-example shorten\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"example\">Juan<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>walked to the store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"example\">Juan walked to the large store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"example\">Juan walked<strong style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0urgently\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">to the<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0massively\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">large store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAs you can see, the last sentence is the most descriptive and informative.\u00a0The use of adverbs and adjectives helps our writing come alive.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe following page on adverbs will provide helpful tips on how to correctly use adverbs and give you examples of how adverbs can add descriptive detail to your writing.\r\n\r\nAdverbs occur either before or after the word they modify.\u00a0An adverb may provide information about the manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity indicated\u00a0by the verb:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Neha sang <b>loudly<\/b> (<i>loudly<\/i> modifies the verb <i>sang<\/i>, indicating the manner of singing)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We left it <b>here<\/b> (<i>here<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>left it<\/i>, indicating place)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>I worked <b>yesterday<\/b> (<i>yesterday<\/i> modifies the verb <i>worked<\/i>, indicating time)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You <b>often<\/b> make mistakes (<i>often<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>make mistakes<\/i>, indicating frequency)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>He <b>undoubtedly<\/b> did it (<i>undoubtedly<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>did it<\/i>, indicating certainty)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAdverbs can also modify noun phrases, prepositional phrases,\u00a0or entire clauses or sentences, as in the following examples.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>I bought <b>only<\/b> the fruit (<i>only<\/i> modifies the noun phrase <i>the fruit<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Roberto drove us <b>almost<\/b> to the station (<i>almost<\/i> modifies the prepositional phrase <i>to the station<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><b>Certainly<\/b> we need to act (<i>certainly<\/i> modifies the sentence as a whole)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Intensifiers and Adverbs of Degree<\/h3>\r\nAdverbs can also be used as modifiers of adjectives, and of other adverbs, often to indicate degree.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Adverbs as intensifiers<\/h3>\r\nHere are a few examples:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>You are <b>quite<\/b> right (the adverb <i>quite<\/i> modifies the adjective <i>right<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Milagros is <strong>exceptionally\u00a0<\/strong>beautiful (the adverb <em>exceptionally<\/em>\u00a0modifies the adjective <em>beautiful<\/em>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>She sang <b>very<\/b> loudly (the adverb <i>very<\/i> modifies another adverb\u2014<i>loudly<\/i>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAdverbs may also undergo comparison, taking comparative and superlative forms.\u00a0This is usually signified by adding <i>more<\/i> or\u00a0<i>most<\/i> before the adverb (<i>more slowly, most slowly<\/i>). However, there are a few adverbs that take non-standard\u00a0forms, such as <i>well<\/i>, for which <i>better<\/i> and <i>best<\/i> are used (i.e., \"He did <strong>well<\/strong>, she did <strong>better<\/strong>, and I did <strong>best<\/strong>\").\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Very<\/h3>\r\nSome people are of the opinion that the words\u00a0<em>very<\/em> and\u00a0<em>really<\/em> indicate weak writing.\u00a0You've probably seen lists of adjectives to use instead of these adverbs (along with an adjective). While this can be true in some cases (<em>enormous <\/em>or <em>gigantic <\/em>is probably a better choice than \"really big\"),\u00a0<em>very<\/em> and\u00a0<em>really<\/em> aren't terrible words. Just be conscious of the words you select. When you use these adverbs, consider whether there's a better way to express what you want to say.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nRead the following passage and identify the adverbs. Are the intensifiers and adverbs of degree being\u00a0used correctly? Or would you suggest revision? The sentences have been numbered to aid you in your comments.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(1) Wojtek (usually spelled Voytek in English) was a Syrian brown bear found in Iran and literally adopted by soldiers of the 22nd Artillery Supply Company of the Polish II Corps. (2) Wojtek initially had problems swallowing and was fed condensed milk from an old vodka bottle. (3)\u00a0Later in life,\u00a0he was oftenly rewarded with beer, which became his favorite drink. (4) He\u00a0really also enjoyed smoking (or eating) cigarettes.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(5) To get him onto a British transport ship when the unit sailed from Egypt, Wojtek was officially drafted into the Polish Army as a Private and was listed among the soldiers of the 22nd Artillery Supply Company. (6) As an enlisted soldier of the company, with his own pay book, rank, and serial number, he lived either in tents with the other soldiers or by himself in a special wooden crate, which was transported by truck. (7) According to numerous accounts, Wojtek helped by carrying ammunition during the Battle of Monte Cassino\u2014he\u00a0never dropped a single crate. (8) In recognition of the bear's immensely popularity, the HQ approved a depiction of a bear carrying an artillery shell as the official emblem of the 22nd Company.<\/p>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"519412\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"519412\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The adverb\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> is misused here. The soldiers did not actually adopt the bear (filling out legal papers, etc.); they simply took the bear in. The best solution is to omit the adverb altogether.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The adverb\u00a0<i>initially<\/i>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The adverb<em>\u00a0later<\/em> is correct;\u00a0<em>oftenly<\/em> is not a word; the correct word\u00a0is\u00a0<em>often<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Should be\u00a0<em>also really<\/em>, not\u00a0<em>really also<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Also<\/em> is modifying the phrase \"really enjoyed smoking,\" so it should come before the phrase, not in the middle of it.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The adverb <em>officially<\/em>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are no adverbs in this sentence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The adverb <em>never<\/em>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Immensely\u00a0<\/em>should be the\u00a0adjective\u00a0<em>immense<\/em>. <em>Popularity<\/em> is a noun.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Common Mistakes<\/h2>\r\n<h4>Only<\/h4>\r\nHave you ever noticed the effect the word\u00a0<em>only<\/em> can have on a sentence, depending on where it's placed? Let's look at an example of this.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Only<\/h3>\r\nConsider this simple sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>She loves horses.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLet's see how\u00a0<em>only<\/em> can change the meaning of the sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Only<\/em> she likes horses.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>No one likes horses but her.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>She\u00a0<em>only<\/em> likes horses.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>She likes horses, but she doesn't love them.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>She likes\u00a0<em>only<\/em> horses.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>She likes horses and nothing else.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<em>Only<\/em> modifies the word that directly follows it.\u00a0Whenever you use the word\u00a0<em>only<\/em> make sure you've placed it correctly in your sentence.\r\n<h4>Literally<\/h4>\r\nA\u00a0linguistic\u00a0phenomenon is sweeping the nation: people are\u00a0using\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> as an intensifier. How many times have you heard statements like \"It was literally the worst thing that has ever happened to me\" or \"His head literally exploded when I told him I was going to be late again\"?\r\n\r\nSo what's the problem with this? According to\u00a0<em>Merriam-Webster's Dictionary<\/em>,<em>\u00a0<\/em>the actual definition of <em>literal<\/em>\u00a0is as follows:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>involving the ordinary or usual meaning of a word<\/li>\r\n \t<li>giving the meaning of each individual word<\/li>\r\n \t<li>completely true and accurate: not exaggerated[footnote]\"<a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/literal[1]\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Literal<\/a>.\" <i>Merriam-Webster.com<\/i>. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 20 June 2016.[\/footnote]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccording to this definition,\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> should be used only when something actually happened. Our cultural usage\u00a0may be slowly shifting to allow <em>literally<\/em>\u00a0as an intensifier, but it's best to avoid using <em>literally<\/em> in any way other than its dictionary definition, especially in formal writing.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/dc87c504-2713-4e10-a5b5-b887529d0d55\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>The Royal Order of Adverbs[footnote]Adapted from Adverbs. (n.d.) Capital Community College Foundation. Retrieved from grammar.ccc.commnet.edu[\/footnote]<\/h2>\r\nLike adjectives, adverbs have a \u201croyal order.\u201d While you may already have an innate sense of this order, it can be helpful to review the rules.\r\n<table width=\"1373\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"alt\">\r\n<th bgcolor=\"ccc0d8\">Verb<\/th>\r\n<th bgcolor=\"bacce4\">Manner<\/th>\r\n<th bgcolor=\"d7e3bd\">Place<\/th>\r\n<th bgcolor=\"fbd4b3\">Frequency<\/th>\r\n<th bgcolor=\"b7dde6\">Time<\/th>\r\n<th bgcolor=\"f1dbdd\">Purpose<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"ccc0d8\">B\u00e9B\u00e9 swims<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"bacce4\">enthusiastically<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"d7e3bd\">in the pool<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"fbd4b3\">every evening<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"b7dde6\">before dusk<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"f1dbdd\">to keep in shape.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"alt\">\r\n<td bgcolor=\"ccc0d8\">Dad walks<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"bacce4\">impatiently<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"d7e3bd\">into town<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"fbd4b3\">every morning<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"b7dde6\">before work<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"f1dbdd\">to get a newspaper.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"ccc0d8\">Joe naps<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"bacce4\">happily<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"d7e3bd\">in his room<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"fbd4b3\">every afternoon<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"b7dde6\">after lunch<\/td>\r\n<td bgcolor=\"f1dbdd\">to rest.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_2783\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2783 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/01\/31170202\/fishing-rod-276221_1920-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"Two fishing rods.\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Can you spot the differences between these two fishing rods? Learning the common mistakes made with adjectives and adverbs will help you to avoid mixing the two up.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Comparing Adjectives and Adverbs<\/h2>\r\nAs we've learned, adjectives and adverbs act in similar but different roles. A lot of the time, this difference can be seen in the structure of the words. <em>Clever<\/em> is an adjective, and\u00a0<em>cleverly<\/em> is an adverb. The adjective +\u00a0<em>ly<\/em> construction suggests that the word is an adverb.\r\n\r\nWhile -<em>ly<\/em> is helpful, it's not a universal rule.\u00a0Not all words that end in\u00a0-<em>ly<\/em> are adverbs: <em>lovely<\/em>, <em>costly<\/em>, <em>friendly, <\/em>etc. And not all adverbs end in <em>-ly<\/em>:\u00a0<i>here, there, together, yesterday, aboard, very,<\/i><i>\u00a0almost<\/i>, etc.\r\n\r\nSome words can function both as\u00a0an adjective and as an adverb:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Fast<\/em> is an adjective in \"a <b>fast<\/b> car\" (where it qualifies the noun <i>car<\/i>) but an adverb in \"he drove fast\" (where it modifies the verb <i>drove<\/i>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Likely<\/em> is an adjective in \"a likely outcome\" (where it modifies the noun\u00a0<em>outcome<\/em>) but an adverb in \"we will likely go\" (where it modifies the verb\u00a0<em>go<\/em>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Mistaking Adjectives and Adverbs<\/h2>\r\nOne\u00a0common mistake with adjectives and adverbs is using\u00a0one in the place of the other. For example, in the sentence \"I wish I could write as neat as he can,\"\u00a0<em>neat<\/em>\u00a0should be replaced with\u00a0<em>neatly<\/em>, an adverb, since it's modifying a verb. (\"That's real nice of you\" is also incorrect; it should be \"That's <em>really<\/em> nice of you.\")\r\n\r\nRemember, if you're modifying a noun or pronoun, you should use\u00a0an adjective. If you're modifying anything else, you should use an adverb.\r\n<h3>Good vs. Well<\/h3>\r\nOne of the most commonly confused adjective\/adverb pairs is <em>good<\/em> and\u00a0<em>well<\/em>. There isn't really a good way to remember the distinction besides memorization.\u00a0<em>Good<\/em> is an adjective.\u00a0<em>Well<\/em> is an adverb.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Good vs. well<\/h3>\r\nLet's look at a couple of sentences that demonstrate common misusage:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Incorrect: She plays basketball good.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: She plays basketball well.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Incorrect: I\u2019m doing good.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: I\u2019m doing well.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: I\u2019m doing good in the world.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn the first sentence,<em>\u00a0good<\/em> is supposed to modify\u00a0<em>plays,<\/em> a verb; therefore, the use of <em>good<\/em>\u2014an adjective\u2014is incorrect. <em>Plays<\/em>\u00a0should be modified by an adverb.\r\n\r\nIn the second\u00a0sentence, <em>good<\/em> is supposed to modify <em>doing<\/em>, a verb. Once again, this means that\u00a0<em>well<\/em>\u2014an adverb\u2014should be used instead: \"I'm doing well.\"\r\n\r\nThe sentence \"I'm doing good\" can be grammatically correct, but only when it means \"I'm doing good things\"\u2014not as a description of how a person is feeling.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/f6131b20-e539-4fa2-9196-e43a5689a339\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Correctly identify and use adverbs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Adverbs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Adverbs\u00a0<\/strong>are words that modify or describe a\u00a0<strong>verb<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>adjective<\/strong>, or another adverb. Adverbs are easily identified because they often end in\u00a0<strong>ly<\/strong>, but this is not always the case.<\/p>\n<p>Descriptions make our writing rich and specific, so we shouldn\u2019t be afraid of using adjectives and adverbs in our sentences.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Adverbs and adjectives<\/h3>\n<p>Look at these three sentences:<\/p>\n<div class=\"purple-example shorten\">\n<ol>\n<li class=\"example\">Juan<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>walked to the store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/li>\n<li class=\"example\">Juan walked to the large store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/li>\n<li class=\"example\">Juan walked<strong style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0urgently\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">to the<\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u00a0massively\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">large store to get canned goods for his zombie stash.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>As you can see, the last sentence is the most descriptive and informative.\u00a0The use of adverbs and adjectives helps our writing come alive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The following page on adverbs will provide helpful tips on how to correctly use adverbs and give you examples of how adverbs can add descriptive detail to your writing.<\/p>\n<p>Adverbs occur either before or after the word they modify.\u00a0An adverb may provide information about the manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity indicated\u00a0by the verb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neha sang <b>loudly<\/b> (<i>loudly<\/i> modifies the verb <i>sang<\/i>, indicating the manner of singing)<\/li>\n<li>We left it <b>here<\/b> (<i>here<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>left it<\/i>, indicating place)<\/li>\n<li>I worked <b>yesterday<\/b> (<i>yesterday<\/i> modifies the verb <i>worked<\/i>, indicating time)<\/li>\n<li>You <b>often<\/b> make mistakes (<i>often<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>make mistakes<\/i>, indicating frequency)<\/li>\n<li>He <b>undoubtedly<\/b> did it (<i>undoubtedly<\/i> modifies the verb phrase <i>did it<\/i>, indicating certainty)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Adverbs can also modify noun phrases, prepositional phrases,\u00a0or entire clauses or sentences, as in the following examples.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I bought <b>only<\/b> the fruit (<i>only<\/i> modifies the noun phrase <i>the fruit<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Roberto drove us <b>almost<\/b> to the station (<i>almost<\/i> modifies the prepositional phrase <i>to the station<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li><b>Certainly<\/b> we need to act (<i>certainly<\/i> modifies the sentence as a whole)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Intensifiers and Adverbs of Degree<\/h3>\n<p>Adverbs can also be used as modifiers of adjectives, and of other adverbs, often to indicate degree.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Adverbs as intensifiers<\/h3>\n<p>Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>You are <b>quite<\/b> right (the adverb <i>quite<\/i> modifies the adjective <i>right<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>Milagros is <strong>exceptionally\u00a0<\/strong>beautiful (the adverb <em>exceptionally<\/em>\u00a0modifies the adjective <em>beautiful<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>She sang <b>very<\/b> loudly (the adverb <i>very<\/i> modifies another adverb\u2014<i>loudly<\/i>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Adverbs may also undergo comparison, taking comparative and superlative forms.\u00a0This is usually signified by adding <i>more<\/i> or\u00a0<i>most<\/i> before the adverb (<i>more slowly, most slowly<\/i>). However, there are a few adverbs that take non-standard\u00a0forms, such as <i>well<\/i>, for which <i>better<\/i> and <i>best<\/i> are used (i.e., &#8220;He did <strong>well<\/strong>, she did <strong>better<\/strong>, and I did <strong>best<\/strong>&#8220;).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Very<\/h3>\n<p>Some people are of the opinion that the words\u00a0<em>very<\/em> and\u00a0<em>really<\/em> indicate weak writing.\u00a0You&#8217;ve probably seen lists of adjectives to use instead of these adverbs (along with an adjective). While this can be true in some cases (<em>enormous <\/em>or <em>gigantic <\/em>is probably a better choice than &#8220;really big&#8221;),\u00a0<em>very<\/em> and\u00a0<em>really<\/em> aren&#8217;t terrible words. Just be conscious of the words you select. When you use these adverbs, consider whether there&#8217;s a better way to express what you want to say.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>Read the following passage and identify the adverbs. Are the intensifiers and adverbs of degree being\u00a0used correctly? Or would you suggest revision? The sentences have been numbered to aid you in your comments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(1) Wojtek (usually spelled Voytek in English) was a Syrian brown bear found in Iran and literally adopted by soldiers of the 22nd Artillery Supply Company of the Polish II Corps. (2) Wojtek initially had problems swallowing and was fed condensed milk from an old vodka bottle. (3)\u00a0Later in life,\u00a0he was oftenly rewarded with beer, which became his favorite drink. (4) He\u00a0really also enjoyed smoking (or eating) cigarettes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">(5) To get him onto a British transport ship when the unit sailed from Egypt, Wojtek was officially drafted into the Polish Army as a Private and was listed among the soldiers of the 22nd Artillery Supply Company. (6) As an enlisted soldier of the company, with his own pay book, rank, and serial number, he lived either in tents with the other soldiers or by himself in a special wooden crate, which was transported by truck. (7) According to numerous accounts, Wojtek helped by carrying ammunition during the Battle of Monte Cassino\u2014he\u00a0never dropped a single crate. (8) In recognition of the bear&#8217;s immensely popularity, the HQ approved a depiction of a bear carrying an artillery shell as the official emblem of the 22nd Company.<\/p>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q519412\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q519412\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>The adverb\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> is misused here. The soldiers did not actually adopt the bear (filling out legal papers, etc.); they simply took the bear in. The best solution is to omit the adverb altogether.<\/li>\n<li>The adverb\u00a0<i>initially<\/i>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\n<li>The adverb<em>\u00a0later<\/em> is correct;\u00a0<em>oftenly<\/em> is not a word; the correct word\u00a0is\u00a0<em>often<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Should be\u00a0<em>also really<\/em>, not\u00a0<em>really also<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Also<\/em> is modifying the phrase &#8220;really enjoyed smoking,&#8221; so it should come before the phrase, not in the middle of it.<\/li>\n<li>The adverb <em>officially<\/em>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\n<li>There are no adverbs in this sentence.<\/li>\n<li>The adverb <em>never<\/em>\u00a0is used correctly.<\/li>\n<li><em>Immensely\u00a0<\/em>should be the\u00a0adjective\u00a0<em>immense<\/em>. <em>Popularity<\/em> is a noun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Common Mistakes<\/h2>\n<h4>Only<\/h4>\n<p>Have you ever noticed the effect the word\u00a0<em>only<\/em> can have on a sentence, depending on where it&#8217;s placed? Let&#8217;s look at an example of this.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Only<\/h3>\n<p>Consider this simple sentence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She loves horses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let&#8217;s see how\u00a0<em>only<\/em> can change the meaning of the sentence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Only<\/em> she likes horses.\n<ul>\n<li>No one likes horses but her.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>She\u00a0<em>only<\/em> likes horses.\n<ul>\n<li>She likes horses, but she doesn&#8217;t love them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>She likes\u00a0<em>only<\/em> horses.\n<ul>\n<li>She likes horses and nothing else.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Only<\/em> modifies the word that directly follows it.\u00a0Whenever you use the word\u00a0<em>only<\/em> make sure you&#8217;ve placed it correctly in your sentence.<\/p>\n<h4>Literally<\/h4>\n<p>A\u00a0linguistic\u00a0phenomenon is sweeping the nation: people are\u00a0using\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> as an intensifier. How many times have you heard statements like &#8220;It was literally the worst thing that has ever happened to me&#8221; or &#8220;His head literally exploded when I told him I was going to be late again&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>So what&#8217;s the problem with this? According to\u00a0<em>Merriam-Webster&#8217;s Dictionary<\/em>,<em>\u00a0<\/em>the actual definition of <em>literal<\/em>\u00a0is as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>involving the ordinary or usual meaning of a word<\/li>\n<li>giving the meaning of each individual word<\/li>\n<li>completely true and accurate: not exaggerated<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Literal.&quot; Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 20 June 2016.\" id=\"return-footnote-1033-1\" href=\"#footnote-1033-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to this definition,\u00a0<em>literally<\/em> should be used only when something actually happened. Our cultural usage\u00a0may be slowly shifting to allow <em>literally<\/em>\u00a0as an intensifier, but it&#8217;s best to avoid using <em>literally<\/em> in any way other than its dictionary definition, especially in formal writing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_dc87c504-2713-4e10-a5b5-b887529d0d55\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/dc87c504-2713-4e10-a5b5-b887529d0d55?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_dc87c504-2713-4e10-a5b5-b887529d0d55\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>The Royal Order of Adverbs<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Adapted from Adverbs. (n.d.) Capital Community College Foundation. Retrieved from grammar.ccc.commnet.edu\" id=\"return-footnote-1033-2\" href=\"#footnote-1033-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/h2>\n<p>Like adjectives, adverbs have a \u201croyal order.\u201d While you may already have an innate sense of this order, it can be helpful to review the rules.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 1373px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"alt\">\n<th style=\"background-color: ccc0d8;\">Verb<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: bacce4;\">Manner<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: d7e3bd;\">Place<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: fbd4b3;\">Frequency<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: b7dde6;\">Time<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: f1dbdd;\">Purpose<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: ccc0d8;\">B\u00e9B\u00e9 swims<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: bacce4;\">enthusiastically<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: d7e3bd;\">in the pool<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: fbd4b3;\">every evening<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: b7dde6;\">before dusk<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: f1dbdd;\">to keep in shape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"alt\">\n<td style=\"background-color: ccc0d8;\">Dad walks<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: bacce4;\">impatiently<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: d7e3bd;\">into town<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: fbd4b3;\">every morning<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: b7dde6;\">before work<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: f1dbdd;\">to get a newspaper.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: ccc0d8;\">Joe naps<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: bacce4;\">happily<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: d7e3bd;\">in his room<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: fbd4b3;\">every afternoon<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: b7dde6;\">after lunch<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: f1dbdd;\">to rest.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"attachment_2783\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2783\" class=\"wp-image-2783 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/01\/31170202\/fishing-rod-276221_1920-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"Two fishing rods.\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-2783\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Can you spot the differences between these two fishing rods? Learning the common mistakes made with adjectives and adverbs will help you to avoid mixing the two up.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Comparing Adjectives and Adverbs<\/h2>\n<p>As we&#8217;ve learned, adjectives and adverbs act in similar but different roles. A lot of the time, this difference can be seen in the structure of the words. <em>Clever<\/em> is an adjective, and\u00a0<em>cleverly<\/em> is an adverb. The adjective +\u00a0<em>ly<\/em> construction suggests that the word is an adverb.<\/p>\n<p>While &#8211;<em>ly<\/em> is helpful, it&#8217;s not a universal rule.\u00a0Not all words that end in\u00a0&#8211;<em>ly<\/em> are adverbs: <em>lovely<\/em>, <em>costly<\/em>, <em>friendly, <\/em>etc. And not all adverbs end in <em>-ly<\/em>:\u00a0<i>here, there, together, yesterday, aboard, very,<\/i><i>\u00a0almost<\/i>, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Some words can function both as\u00a0an adjective and as an adverb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Fast<\/em> is an adjective in &#8220;a <b>fast<\/b> car&#8221; (where it qualifies the noun <i>car<\/i>) but an adverb in &#8220;he drove fast&#8221; (where it modifies the verb <i>drove<\/i>).<\/li>\n<li><em>Likely<\/em> is an adjective in &#8220;a likely outcome&#8221; (where it modifies the noun\u00a0<em>outcome<\/em>) but an adverb in &#8220;we will likely go&#8221; (where it modifies the verb\u00a0<em>go<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Mistaking Adjectives and Adverbs<\/h2>\n<p>One\u00a0common mistake with adjectives and adverbs is using\u00a0one in the place of the other. For example, in the sentence &#8220;I wish I could write as neat as he can,&#8221;\u00a0<em>neat<\/em>\u00a0should be replaced with\u00a0<em>neatly<\/em>, an adverb, since it&#8217;s modifying a verb. (&#8220;That&#8217;s real nice of you&#8221; is also incorrect; it should be &#8220;That&#8217;s <em>really<\/em> nice of you.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p>Remember, if you&#8217;re modifying a noun or pronoun, you should use\u00a0an adjective. If you&#8217;re modifying anything else, you should use an adverb.<\/p>\n<h3>Good vs. Well<\/h3>\n<p>One of the most commonly confused adjective\/adverb pairs is <em>good<\/em> and\u00a0<em>well<\/em>. There isn&#8217;t really a good way to remember the distinction besides memorization.\u00a0<em>Good<\/em> is an adjective.\u00a0<em>Well<\/em> is an adverb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Good vs. well<\/h3>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at a couple of sentences that demonstrate common misusage:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Incorrect: She plays basketball good.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: She plays basketball well.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Incorrect: I\u2019m doing good.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: I\u2019m doing well.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Correct: I\u2019m doing good in the world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the first sentence,<em>\u00a0good<\/em> is supposed to modify\u00a0<em>plays,<\/em> a verb; therefore, the use of <em>good<\/em>\u2014an adjective\u2014is incorrect. <em>Plays<\/em>\u00a0should be modified by an adverb.<\/p>\n<p>In the second\u00a0sentence, <em>good<\/em> is supposed to modify <em>doing<\/em>, a verb. Once again, this means that\u00a0<em>well<\/em>\u2014an adverb\u2014should be used instead: &#8220;I&#8217;m doing well.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The sentence &#8220;I&#8217;m doing good&#8221; can be grammatically correct, but only when it means &#8220;I&#8217;m doing good things&#8221;\u2014not as a description of how a person is feeling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_f6131b20-e539-4fa2-9196-e43a5689a339\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/f6131b20-e539-4fa2-9196-e43a5689a339?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_f6131b20-e539-4fa2-9196-e43a5689a339\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1033\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html#adj\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html#adj<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Adverb. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adverb\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adverb<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Relative adverbs. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David Rheinstrom. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-modifier\/v\/relative-adverbs\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-modifier\/v\/relative-adverbs<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification of Wojtek (errors added). <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wojtek_(bear)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wojtek_(bear)<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Adverbs. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Excelsior OWL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/grammar-essentials\/parts-of-speech\/adverbs\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/grammar-essentials\/parts-of-speech\/adverbs\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Image of fishing rods. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Ben Kerckx. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/fishing-rod-mill-sea-twin-276221\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/fishing-rod-mill-sea-twin-276221\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: https:\/\/pixabay.com\/service\/terms\/#license<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1033-1\">\"<a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/literal&#91;1&#93;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Literal<\/a>.\" <i>Merriam-Webster.com<\/i>. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 20 June 2016. <a href=\"#return-footnote-1033-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1033-2\">Adapted from Adverbs. (n.d.) Capital Community College Foundation. Retrieved from grammar.ccc.commnet.edu <a href=\"#return-footnote-1033-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html#adj\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision and Adaptation\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Adverb\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adverb\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Relative adverbs\",\"author\":\"David Rheinstrom\",\"organization\":\"Khan Academy\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/partsofspeech\/the-modifier\/v\/relative-adverbs\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Modification of Wojtek (errors added)\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wojtek_(bear)\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Adverbs\",\"author\":\"Excelsior OWL\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/grammar-essentials\/parts-of-speech\/adverbs\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Image of fishing rods\",\"author\":\"Ben Kerckx\",\"organization\":\"Pixabay\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/fishing-rod-mill-sea-twin-276221\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/service\/terms\/#license\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"fba6534b-a8e8-44dc-ad37-8e0dcc466c00, 3858dff3-c92d-4b10-affe-cb8efbbb231b","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1033","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1021,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6380,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1033\/revisions\/6380"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1021"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1033\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1033"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1033"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}