{"id":1044,"date":"2020-01-17T17:39:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T17:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/coreqenglish1\/chapter\/text-parts-of-a-sentence\/"},"modified":"2025-02-27T00:35:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T00:35:27","slug":"text-parts-of-a-sentence","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/text-parts-of-a-sentence\/","title":{"raw":"Parts of a Sentence","rendered":"Parts of a Sentence"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify the subject and predicate of a sentence<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the direct and indirect objects in a sentence<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Subjects and Predicates<\/h2>\r\nEvery sentence has\u00a0a subject and a predicate.\u00a0The <strong>subject<\/strong> of a sentence is the noun, pronoun, or phrase or clause the sentence is about, and the <strong>predicate<\/strong> is the rest of the sentence after the subject. The predicate tells us more about what the subject does or is, and therefore must contain a verb explaining what the subject does (and can also include modifiers). The predicate is basically everything in the sentence that is not the subject.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Subjects and Predicates<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Einstein's general <strong>theory<\/strong> of relativity <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">has been subjected to many tests of validity over the years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In a secure landfill, the <strong>soil<\/strong> on top and the <strong>cover<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">block storm water intrusion into the landfill.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This is called a <em>compound subject<\/em>, because there are two subjects in this sentence:\u00a0<em>soil<\/em> and <em>cover<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Notice that the introductory phrase, \"In a secure landfill,\" is not a part of the subject or the predicate.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The <strong>pressure<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">is maintained at about 2250 pounds per square inch<\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>then <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">lowered to form steam at about 600 pounds per square inch<\/span>.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This is called a <em>compound predicate,<\/em> because there are two predicates in this sentence:\u00a0\"is maintained at about 2250 pounds per square inch\" and\u00a0\"lowered to form steam at about 600 pounds per square inch.\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Surrounding the secure landfill on all sides are<\/span> impermeable barrier <strong>walls<\/strong>.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This sentence has an <em>inverted sentence pattern<\/em>. In an inverted sentence, the predicate comes before the subject. You won't run into this sentence structure very often, as it is pretty rare.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nA predicate\u00a0can include the verb, a direct object, and an indirect object.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/644cb221-d9eb-475e-b473-9c7ace26bb12\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Direct Object<\/h2>\r\nA direct object\u2014a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause acting as a noun\u2014takes the action of the main verb (e.g., the verb is happening to the object). A direct object can be identified by putting <em>what?<\/em>, <em>which?<\/em>, or <em>whom?<\/em> in its place.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Direct objects<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The housing assembly of a mechanical pencil contains the mechanical <strong>workings<\/strong> of the pencil.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lavoisier used curved glass <strong>discs<\/strong> fastened together at their rims, with wine filling the space between, to focus the sun's rays to attain temperatures of 3000\u00b0 F.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The dust and smoke lofted into the air by nuclear explosions might cool the earth's <strong>atmosphere<\/strong> some number of degrees.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A 20 percent fluctuation in average global temperature could reduce biological <strong>activity<\/strong>, shift weather <strong>patterns<\/strong>, and ruin <strong>agriculture<\/strong>.\u00a0<em>(compound direct object)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Indirect Object<\/h2>\r\nAn indirect object\u2014a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause acting as a noun\u2014receives the action expressed in the sentence. It can be identified by inserting <em>to<\/em> or <em>for<\/em>.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Indirect objects<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The company is designing\u00a0senior <strong>citizens<\/strong> a new walkway to the park area.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The company is not designing new models of senior citizens; they are designing a new walkway\u00a0<em>for<\/em> senior citizens. Thus, senior citizens is the indirect object of this sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Please\u00a0send\u00a0the personnel <strong>office<\/strong> a resume so we can further review your candidacy.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>You are not being asked to send the office somewhere; you're being asked to send a resume\u00a0<em>to<\/em> the office. Thus, the personnel office is the indirect object of this sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Note:\u00a0<\/strong>Objects can belong to any verb in a sentence, even if\u00a0the verbs aren't in the main clause. For example, let's look at the sentence\u00a0\"When you give your teacher\u00a0your assignment, be sure to include your name and your class number.\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Your teacher<\/em> is the indirect object of the verb\u00a0<em>give.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Your assignment<\/em> is the direct object of the verb\u00a0<em>give<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Your name<\/em> and\u00a0<em>your class number<\/em> are the direct objects of the verb\u00a0<em>include<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1290625180565818138\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the subject and predicate of a sentence<\/li>\n<li>Identify the direct and indirect objects in a sentence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Subjects and Predicates<\/h2>\n<p>Every sentence has\u00a0a subject and a predicate.\u00a0The <strong>subject<\/strong> of a sentence is the noun, pronoun, or phrase or clause the sentence is about, and the <strong>predicate<\/strong> is the rest of the sentence after the subject. The predicate tells us more about what the subject does or is, and therefore must contain a verb explaining what the subject does (and can also include modifiers). The predicate is basically everything in the sentence that is not the subject.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Subjects and Predicates<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Einstein&#8217;s general <strong>theory<\/strong> of relativity <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">has been subjected to many tests of validity over the years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>In a secure landfill, the <strong>soil<\/strong> on top and the <strong>cover<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">block storm water intrusion into the landfill.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>This is called a <em>compound subject<\/em>, because there are two subjects in this sentence:\u00a0<em>soil<\/em> and <em>cover<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Notice that the introductory phrase, &#8220;In a secure landfill,&#8221; is not a part of the subject or the predicate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>pressure<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">is maintained at about 2250 pounds per square inch<\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>then <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">lowered to form steam at about 600 pounds per square inch<\/span>.\n<ul>\n<li>This is called a <em>compound predicate,<\/em> because there are two predicates in this sentence:\u00a0&#8220;is maintained at about 2250 pounds per square inch&#8221; and\u00a0&#8220;lowered to form steam at about 600 pounds per square inch.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Surrounding the secure landfill on all sides are<\/span> impermeable barrier <strong>walls<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>This sentence has an <em>inverted sentence pattern<\/em>. In an inverted sentence, the predicate comes before the subject. You won&#8217;t run into this sentence structure very often, as it is pretty rare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>A predicate\u00a0can include the verb, a direct object, and an indirect object.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_644cb221-d9eb-475e-b473-9c7ace26bb12\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/644cb221-d9eb-475e-b473-9c7ace26bb12?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_644cb221-d9eb-475e-b473-9c7ace26bb12\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Direct Object<\/h2>\n<p>A direct object\u2014a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause acting as a noun\u2014takes the action of the main verb (e.g., the verb is happening to the object). A direct object can be identified by putting <em>what?<\/em>, <em>which?<\/em>, or <em>whom?<\/em> in its place.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Direct objects<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The housing assembly of a mechanical pencil contains the mechanical <strong>workings<\/strong> of the pencil.<\/li>\n<li>Lavoisier used curved glass <strong>discs<\/strong> fastened together at their rims, with wine filling the space between, to focus the sun&#8217;s rays to attain temperatures of 3000\u00b0 F.<\/li>\n<li>The dust and smoke lofted into the air by nuclear explosions might cool the earth&#8217;s <strong>atmosphere<\/strong> some number of degrees.<\/li>\n<li>A 20 percent fluctuation in average global temperature could reduce biological <strong>activity<\/strong>, shift weather <strong>patterns<\/strong>, and ruin <strong>agriculture<\/strong>.\u00a0<em>(compound direct object)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Indirect Object<\/h2>\n<p>An indirect object\u2014a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause acting as a noun\u2014receives the action expressed in the sentence. It can be identified by inserting <em>to<\/em> or <em>for<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Indirect objects<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The company is designing\u00a0senior <strong>citizens<\/strong> a new walkway to the park area.\n<ul>\n<li>The company is not designing new models of senior citizens; they are designing a new walkway\u00a0<em>for<\/em> senior citizens. Thus, senior citizens is the indirect object of this sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Please\u00a0send\u00a0the personnel <strong>office<\/strong> a resume so we can further review your candidacy.\n<ul>\n<li>You are not being asked to send the office somewhere; you&#8217;re being asked to send a resume\u00a0<em>to<\/em> the office. Thus, the personnel office is the indirect object of this sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Note:\u00a0<\/strong>Objects can belong to any verb in a sentence, even if\u00a0the verbs aren&#8217;t in the main clause. For example, let&#8217;s look at the sentence\u00a0&#8220;When you give your teacher\u00a0your assignment, be sure to include your name and your class number.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Your teacher<\/em> is the indirect object of the verb\u00a0<em>give.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Your assignment<\/em> is the direct object of the verb\u00a0<em>give<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Your name<\/em> and\u00a0<em>your class number<\/em> are the direct objects of the verb\u00a0<em>include<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1290625180565818138\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1044\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Text: Parts of a Sentence. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":18,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Text: Parts of a Sentence\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"db9e6ed6-569f-4a19-ac4b-7b0f85fe8747, 2c2d981b-5503-43bd-9558-ba2105d80378, e441a38d-8e63-4625-aee2-39369d76537d, e0d180d6-f641-421c-921a-6cd52ad543d1","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1044","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1021,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6356,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1044\/revisions\/6356"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1021"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1044\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1044"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1044"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}