{"id":1045,"date":"2020-01-17T17:39:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T17:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/coreqenglish1\/chapter\/text-common-sentence-structures\/"},"modified":"2024-04-25T17:31:37","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T17:31:37","slug":"text-common-sentence-structures","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/text-common-sentence-structures\/","title":{"raw":"Common Sentence Structures","rendered":"Common Sentence Structures"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify common sentence structures and patterns<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Basic Sentence Patterns<\/h2>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThe simplest of sentence patterns is composed of a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>subject<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>verb<\/strong><\/span> without a direct object or subject complement. It uses an <strong>intransitive verb<\/strong>, that is, a verb requiring no direct object:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Control <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>rods<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>remain<\/strong><\/span> inside the fuel assembly of the reactor.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>development<\/strong><\/span> of wind power practically <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>ceased<\/strong><\/span> until the early 1970s.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>cross-member<\/strong><\/span> exposed to abnormal stress eventually <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>broke<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Only two <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>types<\/strong><\/span> of charge <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>exist<\/strong><\/span> in nature.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #800080;\">direct object<\/span><\/h3>\r\nAnother common sentence pattern uses the <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>direct object<\/strong><\/span>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Silicon<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>conducts<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>electricity<\/strong><\/span> in an unusual way.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The anti-reflective <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>coating<\/strong><\/span> on the the silicon cell <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>reduces<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>reflection<\/strong><\/span> from 32 to 22 percent.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #339966;\">indirect object<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #800080;\">direct object<\/span><\/h3>\r\nThe sentence pattern with the <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">indirect<\/span> object<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>direct object<\/strong><\/span> is similar to the preceding pattern:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>I<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>am writing<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>her<\/strong><\/span> about a number of <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>problems<\/strong><\/span> that I have had with my computer.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Austin, Texas<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has<\/strong><\/span> recently <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>built<\/strong><\/span> its <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>citizens<\/strong><\/span> a <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>system<\/strong><\/span> of bike lanes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the basic sentence pattern of the sentences below. What are the different parts of each sentence?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>All amplitude-modulation (AM) receivers work in the same way.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The supervisor mailed the applicant a description of the job.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We have mailed the balance of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"77635\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"77635\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>This is a subject + verb sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>All amplitude-modulation (AM) <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>receivers<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>work<\/strong><\/span> in the same way.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This is a\u00a0subject + verb + indirect object + direct object sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>supervisor<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>mailed<\/strong><\/span> the <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>applicant<\/strong><\/span> a <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>description<\/strong><\/span> of the job.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This is a\u00a0subject + verb + direct object sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>We<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>have mailed<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0the <strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">balance<\/span><\/strong> of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Sentence Types<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Simple Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA simple sentence is one that contains a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>subject<\/strong><\/span> and a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>verb<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0and no other independent or dependent clause.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>One<\/strong><\/span> of the tubes <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>is attached<\/strong><\/span> to the manometer part of the instrument indicating the pressure of the air within the cuff.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>are<\/strong><\/span> basically two <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>types<\/strong><\/span> of stethoscopes.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In this sentence, the subject and verb are inverted; that is, the verb comes before the subject. However, it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To measure blood pressure, a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>sphygmomanometer<\/strong><\/span> and a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>stethoscope<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>are needed<\/strong><\/span>.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This\u00a0sentence has a compound subject\u2014that is, there are two subjects\u2014but it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCommand sentences are a\u00a0subtype of simple sentences. These sentences are unique because they don't actually have a subject:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Clean<\/strong><\/span> the dishes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Make<\/strong><\/span> sure to take good notes today.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>After completing the reading, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>answer<\/strong><\/span> the following questions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn each of these sentences, there is an implied subject:\u00a0<em>you<\/em>. These sentences are instructing the\u00a0reader to complete a task.\u00a0Command sentences are the only sentences in English that are complete without a subject.\r\n<h3>Compound Predicates<\/h3>\r\nA <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>predicate<\/strong><\/span> is everything in the verb part of the sentence after the subject (unless the sentence uses inverted word order). A <em>compound predicate<\/em> is two or more predicates joined by a coordinating conjunction. Traditionally, the conjunction in a sentence consisting of just two compound predicates is not punctuated.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Another library media specialist <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has been using Accelerated Reader for ten years<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has seen great results<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This cell phone app lets users <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>share pictures instantly with followers<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>categorize photos with hashtags<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Compound Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA compound sentence is made up of two or more <em>independent clauses<\/em> joined by a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">coordinating conjunction<\/span> (and, or, nor, but, yet, for) and a comma, an adverbial conjunction and a semicolon, or just a semicolon.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>In sphygmomanometers, too narrow a cuff can result in erroneously high readings, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span> too wide a cuff can result in erroneously low readings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Some cuff hook together<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">;<\/span> others wrap or snap into place.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCommand sentences can be compound sentences as well:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Never give up<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">;<\/span> never surrender.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Turn the handle 90 degrees <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span> push the button four times.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen you have a compound command sentence with a coordinating conjunction, you do not need to include a comma, because the two have the same subject.\r\n<h3>Complex Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Because my hot chocolate got too cold, I heated it back up on the stove.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Wherever you go, there is always something beautiful.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When he got a pie smashed in his face, everyone laughed.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Compound-Complex Sentences<\/h3>\r\nA compound-complex sentence is exactly what it sounds like: a compound sentence mixed with a complex one. Since a compound sentence has (at least) two independent clauses, and a complex sentence has (at least) one dependent clause, those are the elements that are a part of a compound-complex sentence. Compound-complex sentences sound like they are hard, but they are actually really common in the way we speak and write. See if you can identify which are the independent clauses and which are the dependent clauses in the example sentences below.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Jessie forgot her aunt's birthday, so she sent her a card when she finally remembered.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When we won the state championship, our captain jumped for joy and the rest of the team cheered.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Even if he is hungry, he still won't eat oatmeal; he only wants to eat cold cereal.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch it<\/h3>\r\nHere is a basic summary of the main types of sentence structures. Watch this for a comprehensive summary of how different clauses can work together to make sentences.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=4743683&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=xXQTkFNS8Z0&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-jo6giqxu-xXQTkFNS8Z0\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/SentenceStructure-LearnAboutTheFourTypesofSentences_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Sentence Structure- Learn About the Four Types of Sentences\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nIdentify the type of each sentence below.\u00a0Why is each\u00a0type of sentence useful in each instance?\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The sphygmomanometer is usually covered with cloth and has two rubber tubes attached to it.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There are several types of sentences; using different types can keep your writing lively.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Words, sentences, and paragraphs are all combined to create a book.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Before giving up, take a deep breath and look at things from a different perspective.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"745490\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"745490\"]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>This sentence has a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction <em>and<\/em>: \"is usually covered with cloth\" and \"has two rubber tubes attached to it.\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Without the use of the compound predicate, you would need two separate sentences with the same subject. Using a compound predicate reduces needless repetition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This is a compound sentence. There are two independent clauses joined together by a semicolon.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Combining the independent clauses with a semicolon indicates that the\u00a0two ideas are closely related. Putting a period between the two clauses and dividing them into two separate sentences would separate the ideas as well.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This is a simple sentence with a compound subject. The\u00a0subject\u00a0is \"Words, sentences, and paragraphs,\" and the predicate\u00a0is \"are all combined to create a book.\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Without a compound predicate,\u00a0it would be very difficult to convey this idea.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This is a command sentence with a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction <em>and<\/em>: \"take a deep breath\" and \"look at things from a different perspective\"\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This sentence doesn't have an explicitly stated subject, just the implied\u00a0<em>you<\/em>.\u00a0You do not need a comma before\u00a0<em>and<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/acc959ac-70ad-4d6a-9a41-693d2bd7ed02\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Punctuation Patterns<\/h2>\r\nWhile your sentence's punctuation will always depend on the content of your writing, there are a few common punctuation patterns you should be aware of.\r\n\r\nSimple\u00a0sentences have these\u00a0punctuation patterns:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>________________________________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>________, ________________________.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCompound predicate sentences have this punctuation pattern: ________\u00a0________\u00a0and ________.\r\n\r\nCompound Sentences have these punctuation patterns:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>________________, and ________________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>________________; ________________.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nComplex and compound-complex sentences don't follow any specific patterns, although they will commonly have commas in between the clauses as well (but don't have to).\r\n\r\nAs you can see from these common patterns, periods, commas, and semicolons are the punctuation marks you will use the most in your writing. As you write, it's best to use a variety of these patterns. If you use the same pattern\u00a0repeatedly, your writing can easily become boring and drab.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nThe sentences in this passage follow a single punctuation pattern:\u00a0________________________________. Revise the passage to create variety.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six Cello Suites.\u00a0The Cello Suites are suites for unaccompanied cello. They are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. Each movement is based around a baroque dance type. This basis\u00a0is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite. The cello suites are structured in six movements each. Each includes a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.<\/p>\r\n[practice-area rows=\"4\"][\/practice-area]\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"318161\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"318161\"]There are an infinite number of revisions\u00a0for this passage. As you compare your work with ours, keep these things in mind:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>When combining sentences into complex or compound sentence, make sure you use punctuation and conjunctions correctly.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When there is redundant information, you can easily remove it and combine the other parts of a sentence together.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach's six\u00a0Cello Suites, written for\u00a0unaccompanied cello, are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. As is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite, each movement is based around a baroque dance type. The cello suites are structured in six movements each: a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.\r\n\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify common sentence structures and patterns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Basic Sentence Patterns<\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The simplest of sentence patterns is composed of a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>subject<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>verb<\/strong><\/span> without a direct object or subject complement. It uses an <strong>intransitive verb<\/strong>, that is, a verb requiring no direct object:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Control <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>rods<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>remain<\/strong><\/span> inside the fuel assembly of the reactor.<\/li>\n<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>development<\/strong><\/span> of wind power practically <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>ceased<\/strong><\/span> until the early 1970s.<\/li>\n<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>cross-member<\/strong><\/span> exposed to abnormal stress eventually <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>broke<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Only two <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>types<\/strong><\/span> of charge <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>exist<\/strong><\/span> in nature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #800080;\">direct object<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Another common sentence pattern uses the <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>direct object<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Silicon<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>conducts<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>electricity<\/strong><\/span> in an unusual way.<\/li>\n<li>The anti-reflective <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>coating<\/strong><\/span> on the the silicon cell <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>reduces<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>reflection<\/strong><\/span> from 32 to 22 percent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Subject<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">verb<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #339966;\">indirect object<\/span> + <span style=\"color: #800080;\">direct object<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The sentence pattern with the <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">indirect<\/span> object<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>direct object<\/strong><\/span> is similar to the preceding pattern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>I<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>am writing<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>her<\/strong><\/span> about a number of <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>problems<\/strong><\/span> that I have had with my computer.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Austin, Texas<\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has<\/strong><\/span> recently <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>built<\/strong><\/span> its <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>citizens<\/strong><\/span> a <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>system<\/strong><\/span> of bike lanes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the basic sentence pattern of the sentences below. What are the different parts of each sentence?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>All amplitude-modulation (AM) receivers work in the same way.<\/li>\n<li>The supervisor mailed the applicant a description of the job.<\/li>\n<li>We have mailed the balance of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q77635\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q77635\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>This is a subject + verb sentence:\n<ul>\n<li>All amplitude-modulation (AM) <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>receivers<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>work<\/strong><\/span> in the same way.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is a\u00a0subject + verb + indirect object + direct object sentence:\n<ul>\n<li>The <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>supervisor<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>mailed<\/strong><\/span> the <span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>applicant<\/strong><\/span> a <span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>description<\/strong><\/span> of the job.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is a\u00a0subject + verb + direct object sentence:\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>We<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>have mailed<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0the <strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">balance<\/span><\/strong> of the payment in this letter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Sentence Types<\/h2>\n<h3>Simple Sentences<\/h3>\n<p>A simple sentence is one that contains a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>subject<\/strong><\/span> and a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>verb<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0and no other independent or dependent clause.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>One<\/strong><\/span> of the tubes <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>is attached<\/strong><\/span> to the manometer part of the instrument indicating the pressure of the air within the cuff.<\/li>\n<li>There <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>are<\/strong><\/span> basically two <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>types<\/strong><\/span> of stethoscopes.\n<ul>\n<li>In this sentence, the subject and verb are inverted; that is, the verb comes before the subject. However, it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>To measure blood pressure, a\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>sphygmomanometer<\/strong><\/span> and a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>stethoscope<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>are needed<\/strong><\/span>.\n<ul>\n<li>This\u00a0sentence has a compound subject\u2014that is, there are two subjects\u2014but it is still classified as a simple sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Command sentences are a\u00a0subtype of simple sentences. These sentences are unique because they don&#8217;t actually have a subject:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Clean<\/strong><\/span> the dishes.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Make<\/strong><\/span> sure to take good notes today.<\/li>\n<li>After completing the reading, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>answer<\/strong><\/span> the following questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In each of these sentences, there is an implied subject:\u00a0<em>you<\/em>. These sentences are instructing the\u00a0reader to complete a task.\u00a0Command sentences are the only sentences in English that are complete without a subject.<\/p>\n<h3>Compound Predicates<\/h3>\n<p>A <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>predicate<\/strong><\/span> is everything in the verb part of the sentence after the subject (unless the sentence uses inverted word order). A <em>compound predicate<\/em> is two or more predicates joined by a coordinating conjunction. Traditionally, the conjunction in a sentence consisting of just two compound predicates is not punctuated.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Another library media specialist <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has been using Accelerated Reader for ten years<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>has seen great results<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>This cell phone app lets users <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>share pictures instantly with followers<\/strong><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>categorize photos with hashtags<\/strong><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Compound Sentences<\/h3>\n<p>A compound sentence is made up of two or more <em>independent clauses<\/em> joined by a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">coordinating conjunction<\/span> (and, or, nor, but, yet, for) and a comma, an adverbial conjunction and a semicolon, or just a semicolon.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In sphygmomanometers, too narrow a cuff can result in erroneously high readings, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span> too wide a cuff can result in erroneously low readings.<\/li>\n<li>Some cuff hook together<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">;<\/span> others wrap or snap into place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Command sentences can be compound sentences as well:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Never give up<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">;<\/span> never surrender.<\/li>\n<li>Turn the handle 90 degrees <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">and<\/span> push the button four times.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When you have a compound command sentence with a coordinating conjunction, you do not need to include a comma, because the two have the same subject.<\/p>\n<h3>Complex Sentences<\/h3>\n<p>A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Because my hot chocolate got too cold, I heated it back up on the stove.<\/li>\n<li>Wherever you go, there is always something beautiful.<\/li>\n<li>When he got a pie smashed in his face, everyone laughed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Compound-Complex Sentences<\/h3>\n<p>A compound-complex sentence is exactly what it sounds like: a compound sentence mixed with a complex one. Since a compound sentence has (at least) two independent clauses, and a complex sentence has (at least) one dependent clause, those are the elements that are a part of a compound-complex sentence. Compound-complex sentences sound like they are hard, but they are actually really common in the way we speak and write. See if you can identify which are the independent clauses and which are the dependent clauses in the example sentences below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jessie forgot her aunt&#8217;s birthday, so she sent her a card when she finally remembered.<\/li>\n<li>When we won the state championship, our captain jumped for joy and the rest of the team cheered.<\/li>\n<li>Even if he is hungry, he still won&#8217;t eat oatmeal; he only wants to eat cold cereal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch it<\/h3>\n<p>Here is a basic summary of the main types of sentence structures. Watch this for a comprehensive summary of how different clauses can work together to make sentences.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=4743683&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=xXQTkFNS8Z0&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-jo6giqxu-xXQTkFNS8Z0\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/SentenceStructure-LearnAboutTheFourTypesofSentences_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Sentence Structure- Learn About the Four Types of Sentences&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>Identify the type of each sentence below.\u00a0Why is each\u00a0type of sentence useful in each instance?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The sphygmomanometer is usually covered with cloth and has two rubber tubes attached to it.<\/li>\n<li>There are several types of sentences; using different types can keep your writing lively.<\/li>\n<li>Words, sentences, and paragraphs are all combined to create a book.<\/li>\n<li>Before giving up, take a deep breath and look at things from a different perspective.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q745490\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q745490\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>This sentence has a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction <em>and<\/em>: &#8220;is usually covered with cloth&#8221; and &#8220;has two rubber tubes attached to it.&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>Without the use of the compound predicate, you would need two separate sentences with the same subject. Using a compound predicate reduces needless repetition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is a compound sentence. There are two independent clauses joined together by a semicolon.\n<ul>\n<li>Combining the independent clauses with a semicolon indicates that the\u00a0two ideas are closely related. Putting a period between the two clauses and dividing them into two separate sentences would separate the ideas as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is a simple sentence with a compound subject. The\u00a0subject\u00a0is &#8220;Words, sentences, and paragraphs,&#8221; and the predicate\u00a0is &#8220;are all combined to create a book.&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>Without a compound predicate,\u00a0it would be very difficult to convey this idea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is a command sentence with a compound predicate\u2014that is, there are two predicates, joined with the conjunction <em>and<\/em>: &#8220;take a deep breath&#8221; and &#8220;look at things from a different perspective&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>This sentence doesn&#8217;t have an explicitly stated subject, just the implied\u00a0<em>you<\/em>.\u00a0You do not need a comma before\u00a0<em>and<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_acc959ac-70ad-4d6a-9a41-693d2bd7ed02\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/acc959ac-70ad-4d6a-9a41-693d2bd7ed02?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_acc959ac-70ad-4d6a-9a41-693d2bd7ed02\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Punctuation Patterns<\/h2>\n<p>While your sentence&#8217;s punctuation will always depend on the content of your writing, there are a few common punctuation patterns you should be aware of.<\/p>\n<p>Simple\u00a0sentences have these\u00a0punctuation patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>________________________________.<\/li>\n<li>________, ________________________.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Compound predicate sentences have this punctuation pattern: ________\u00a0________\u00a0and ________.<\/p>\n<p>Compound Sentences have these punctuation patterns:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>________________, and ________________.<\/li>\n<li>________________; ________________.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Complex and compound-complex sentences don&#8217;t follow any specific patterns, although they will commonly have commas in between the clauses as well (but don&#8217;t have to).<\/p>\n<p>As you can see from these common patterns, periods, commas, and semicolons are the punctuation marks you will use the most in your writing. As you write, it&#8217;s best to use a variety of these patterns. If you use the same pattern\u00a0repeatedly, your writing can easily become boring and drab.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>The sentences in this passage follow a single punctuation pattern:\u00a0________________________________. Revise the passage to create variety.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six Cello Suites.\u00a0The Cello Suites are suites for unaccompanied cello. They are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. Each movement is based around a baroque dance type. This basis\u00a0is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite. The cello suites are structured in six movements each. Each includes a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.<\/p>\n<p><textarea aria-label=\"Your Answer\" rows=\"4\"><\/textarea><\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q318161\">Show Answer<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q318161\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">There are an infinite number of revisions\u00a0for this passage. As you compare your work with ours, keep these things in mind:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>When combining sentences into complex or compound sentence, make sure you use punctuation and conjunctions correctly.<\/li>\n<li>When there is redundant information, you can easily remove it and combine the other parts of a sentence together.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Johann Sebastian Bach&#8217;s six\u00a0Cello Suites, written for\u00a0unaccompanied cello, are some of the most frequently performed and recognizable solo compositions ever written for cello. As is\u00a0standard\u00a0for a Baroque musical suite, each movement is based around a baroque dance type. The cello suites are structured in six movements each: a prelude; an allemande; a courante; a sarabande; two minuets, two bourr\u00e9es, or two gavottes; and a final gigue. The Bach cello suites are considered to be among the most profound of all classical music works.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1045\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Text: Punctuation Patterns. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Sentence Structure--Learn about the Four Types of Sentences. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Grammar Revolution. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Grammar Revolution. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=3&#038;v=xXQTkFNS8Z0&#038;feature=emb_logo\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=3&#038;v=xXQTkFNS8Z0&#038;feature=emb_logo<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube license<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification of Cello Suites (Bach). <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Wikipedia. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cello_Suites_(Bach)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cello_Suites_(Bach)<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":20,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Basic Patterns and Elements of the Sentence\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/twsent.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Text: Punctuation Patterns\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Modification of Cello Suites (Bach)\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Wikipedia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cello_Suites_(Bach)\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Sentence Structure--Learn about the Four Types of Sentences\",\"author\":\"Grammar Revolution\",\"organization\":\"Grammar Revolution\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=3&v=xXQTkFNS8Z0&feature=emb_logo\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube license\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"db9e6ed6-569f-4a19-ac4b-7b0f85fe8747, 1f2a975-477f-4553-b6b9-d92e6506f816","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1045","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1021,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5954,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1045\/revisions\/5954"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1021"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1045\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1045"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1045"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}