{"id":3111,"date":"2020-04-03T15:56:01","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T15:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/coreqenglish1\/chapter\/text-evaluating-sources\/"},"modified":"2025-02-20T21:25:02","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T21:25:02","slug":"text-evaluating-sources","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/text-evaluating-sources\/","title":{"raw":"Evaluating Sources","rendered":"Evaluating Sources"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Examine the suitability and the trustworthiness of a source<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3377\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3377\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/04\/10160016\/bully-3233568_1920-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"Two people talking to a woman in an aggressive fashion, as if they are both trying to get her attention.\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. As you research, you'll encounter many different voices competing for your attention. Your task as a writer is to determine which of these voices are credible, trustworthy, and suitable for your current assignment.[\/caption]\r\n<p data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"151\">As you gather sources for your research, you\u2019ll need to know how to assess the validity and reliability of the materials you find.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\r\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"eab703f1-d26c-4f05-ab34-0d27d9bbd425\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\r\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\r\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\r\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"203\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Remember, every source is created by individuals, organizations, or corporations with a purpose. To be a good researcher, you must assess a source's reliability before deciding whether and how to use it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"360\">Before deciding if and how to use a source, ask yourself:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"522\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"437\"><strong data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"393\">Is this source suitable?<\/strong> (Is it relevant to my research question?)<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"472\">Is this source trustworthy?<\/strong> (Should I believe the information it provides?)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"775\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">A source can be suitable but not trustworthy, or trustworthy but not suitable.<\/p>\r\nIn Marvin's example that follows, you'll see that the online professor encourages Marvin to <em>talk\u00a0<\/em>to the right sources. Remember that Marvin already learned about the importance of <em>walking<\/em> to the right places to find good sources. Now,\u00a0Marvin needs to talk with his sources in order to become a part of the conversation on his topic. To do this,\u00a0he needs to find authors who are trustworthy <em>and<\/em> knowledgeable.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Talking and Listening to Sources<\/h3>\r\n<em>Let's revisit Marvin and see how he can gather information about his topic by \"talking\" and joining the dialogue surrounding bottled water. Then, he needs to really \"listen\" to his sources to determine if they are trustworthy.<\/em>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: If I used a university or government website on bottled water quality, readers would trust me more than if I just used a bottled water company website?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: Yes. But to dig deeper into the question of trust, let\u2019s move on to a second metaphor: <i>talking<\/i>. Although the metaphor of <i>walking <\/i>is useful for understanding how to find and document sources, it can give the impression that sources are separate, inert, and neutral things, waiting to be snatched up like gold nuggets and plugged into your writing. In reality, sources are parts of overlapping knowledge networks that connect meanings and the people that make and use them. Knowledge networks are always in flux, since people are always making new meaning. Let\u2019s go back to your health and environment project. Refresh my memory. What kinds of questions do you need answers to before you can write your paper?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: Well, I need to know if bottled water is truly healthier, like the beverage companies claim. Or would I be just as well off drinking tap water?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: To answer this question, you\u2019ll want to find out who\u2019s <i>talking <\/i>about these issues. As Kenneth Burke put it, you can think of sources as voices in an ongoing conversation about the world:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"s1\">Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally\u2019s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. (110\u2013111)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">The authors of texts aren\u2019t speaking aloud, of course, but they\u2019re making written statements that others can \u201clisten\u201d and \u201crespond\u201d to. Knowing which texts you can trust means understanding which authors you can trust.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: How do I figure that out?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: It helps to know who the authors are. What they\u2019re saying. Where, when, and to whom they\u2019re saying it. And what their purposes are. Imagine the world as divided into many parlors like the one Kenneth Burke described. You\u2019d want to go to the parlors where people who really know something are <i>talking <\/i>about the topics you\u2019re interested in.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Determining Suitability<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\r\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d97ea678-2e77-40f3-a0cf-e3d73817afb9\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\r\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\r\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\r\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"221\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">As a researcher, your task is to determine whether a source is appropriate for your project. Ask yourself: Will it help answer my research questions, deepen my understanding, and support a compelling, well-informed essay?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nHere are some reasons to include information:\r\n<ul type=\"disc\">\r\n \t<li>contains facts\/opinions that you need from a well-known authority or expert<\/li>\r\n \t<li>provides illustrations or data you need<\/li>\r\n \t<li>shows an overview to establish the context of your paper<\/li>\r\n \t<li>shows a point of view that illustrates something you are trying to establish<\/li>\r\n \t<li>exemplifies a clear explanation of something<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nReasons to exclude information:\r\n<ul type=\"disc\">\r\n \t<li>it may not be from a scholarly journal<\/li>\r\n \t<li>it may be from a scholarly journal but be too difficult for you to understand\u00a0completely<\/li>\r\n \t<li>it may be out of date<\/li>\r\n \t<li>it may not have the point of view you are researching<\/li>\r\n \t<li>it may not contain any new information.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>it may be too narrow (or too broad) in coverage<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Determining Trustworthiness<\/h2>\r\nTo determine the trustworthiness of a source, you want to ensure that a source is current, written by an expert, accurate, and unbiased. You'll want to consider the rhetorical context of a source, including its purpose, audience, and focus.\r\n\r\nOne excellent tool to examine both the reliability and trustworthiness of a source is the C.R.A.A.P method, which stands for:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Currency<\/strong>: The timeliness of the information<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: The importance of the information for your needs<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Authority<\/strong>: The source of the information<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Accuracy<\/strong>: The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Purpose<\/strong>: The reason the information exists<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSources should always be evaluated relative to your purpose. But because there often aren\u2019t clear-cut answers when you evaluate sources,\u00a0most of the time it requires you to make inferences\u2013educated guesses from available clues<strong>\u2013<\/strong>about whether to use information from particular sources.\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2754fb08-1c60-4777-89d2-d0dc5dba667b\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/95b94527-101c-4107-ab3a-33eb2b4edaaf\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Examine the suitability and the trustworthiness of a source<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3377\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3377\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3377\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4975\/2020\/04\/10160016\/bully-3233568_1920-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"Two people talking to a woman in an aggressive fashion, as if they are both trying to get her attention.\" width=\"300\" height=\"272\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-3377\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. As you research, you&#8217;ll encounter many different voices competing for your attention. Your task as a writer is to determine which of these voices are credible, trustworthy, and suitable for your current assignment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"51\" data-end=\"151\">As you gather sources for your research, you\u2019ll need to know how to assess the validity and reliability of the materials you find.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"eab703f1-d26c-4f05-ab34-0d27d9bbd425\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"203\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Remember, every source is created by individuals, organizations, or corporations with a purpose. To be a good researcher, you must assess a source&#8217;s reliability before deciding whether and how to use it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"360\">Before deciding if and how to use a source, ask yourself:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"522\">\n<li data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"437\"><strong data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"393\">Is this source suitable?<\/strong> (Is it relevant to my research question?)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"472\">Is this source trustworthy?<\/strong> (Should I believe the information it provides?)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"775\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">A source can be suitable but not trustworthy, or trustworthy but not suitable.<\/p>\n<p>In Marvin&#8217;s example that follows, you&#8217;ll see that the online professor encourages Marvin to <em>talk\u00a0<\/em>to the right sources. Remember that Marvin already learned about the importance of <em>walking<\/em> to the right places to find good sources. Now,\u00a0Marvin needs to talk with his sources in order to become a part of the conversation on his topic. To do this,\u00a0he needs to find authors who are trustworthy <em>and<\/em> knowledgeable.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Talking and Listening to Sources<\/h3>\n<p><em>Let&#8217;s revisit Marvin and see how he can gather information about his topic by &#8220;talking&#8221; and joining the dialogue surrounding bottled water. Then, he needs to really &#8220;listen&#8221; to his sources to determine if they are trustworthy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: If I used a university or government website on bottled water quality, readers would trust me more than if I just used a bottled water company website?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: Yes. But to dig deeper into the question of trust, let\u2019s move on to a second metaphor: <i>talking<\/i>. Although the metaphor of <i>walking <\/i>is useful for understanding how to find and document sources, it can give the impression that sources are separate, inert, and neutral things, waiting to be snatched up like gold nuggets and plugged into your writing. In reality, sources are parts of overlapping knowledge networks that connect meanings and the people that make and use them. Knowledge networks are always in flux, since people are always making new meaning. Let\u2019s go back to your health and environment project. Refresh my memory. What kinds of questions do you need answers to before you can write your paper?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: Well, I need to know if bottled water is truly healthier, like the beverage companies claim. Or would I be just as well off drinking tap water?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: To answer this question, you\u2019ll want to find out who\u2019s <i>talking <\/i>about these issues. As Kenneth Burke put it, you can think of sources as voices in an ongoing conversation about the world:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span class=\"s1\">Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally\u2019s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. (110\u2013111)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">The authors of texts aren\u2019t speaking aloud, of course, but they\u2019re making written statements that others can \u201clisten\u201d and \u201crespond\u201d to. Knowing which texts you can trust means understanding which authors you can trust.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">Marvin: How do I figure that out?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1 hanging-indent\"><span class=\"s1\">O-Prof: It helps to know who the authors are. What they\u2019re saying. Where, when, and to whom they\u2019re saying it. And what their purposes are. Imagine the world as divided into many parlors like the one Kenneth Burke described. You\u2019d want to go to the parlors where people who really know something are <i>talking <\/i>about the topics you\u2019re interested in.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Determining Suitability<\/h2>\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d97ea678-2e77-40f3-a0cf-e3d73817afb9\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"221\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">As a researcher, your task is to determine whether a source is appropriate for your project. Ask yourself: Will it help answer my research questions, deepen my understanding, and support a compelling, well-informed essay?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Here are some reasons to include information:<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>contains facts\/opinions that you need from a well-known authority or expert<\/li>\n<li>provides illustrations or data you need<\/li>\n<li>shows an overview to establish the context of your paper<\/li>\n<li>shows a point of view that illustrates something you are trying to establish<\/li>\n<li>exemplifies a clear explanation of something<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reasons to exclude information:<\/p>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>it may not be from a scholarly journal<\/li>\n<li>it may be from a scholarly journal but be too difficult for you to understand\u00a0completely<\/li>\n<li>it may be out of date<\/li>\n<li>it may not have the point of view you are researching<\/li>\n<li>it may not contain any new information.<\/li>\n<li>it may be too narrow (or too broad) in coverage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Determining Trustworthiness<\/h2>\n<p>To determine the trustworthiness of a source, you want to ensure that a source is current, written by an expert, accurate, and unbiased. You&#8217;ll want to consider the rhetorical context of a source, including its purpose, audience, and focus.<\/p>\n<p>One excellent tool to examine both the reliability and trustworthiness of a source is the C.R.A.A.P method, which stands for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Currency<\/strong>: The timeliness of the information<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relevance<\/strong>: The importance of the information for your needs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Authority<\/strong>: The source of the information<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accuracy<\/strong>: The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information<\/li>\n<li><strong>Purpose<\/strong>: The reason the information exists<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sources should always be evaluated relative to your purpose. But because there often aren\u2019t clear-cut answers when you evaluate sources,\u00a0most of the time it requires you to make inferences\u2013educated guesses from available clues<strong>\u2013<\/strong>about whether to use information from particular sources.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_2754fb08-1c60-4777-89d2-d0dc5dba667b\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/2754fb08-1c60-4777-89d2-d0dc5dba667b?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_2754fb08-1c60-4777-89d2-d0dc5dba667b\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_95b94527-101c-4107-ab3a-33eb2b4edaaf\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/95b94527-101c-4107-ab3a-33eb2b4edaaf?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_95b94527-101c-4107-ab3a-33eb2b4edaaf\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-3111\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision and Adaptation. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Walk, Talk, Cook, Eat: A Guide to Using Sources. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Cynthia R. Haller. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.saylor.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/writing-spaces-readings-on-writing-vol-2.pdf\">http:\/\/www.saylor.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/writing-spaces-readings-on-writing-vol-2.pdf<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing Vol. 2. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Critical Thinking As It Applies to Source Evaluation. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Denise Snee, Kristen Houlton, and Nancy Heckel . <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf\">http:\/\/lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/docs\/679\/734444\/Snee_2012_Research_Analysis_and_Writing.pdf<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Research, Analysis, and Writing. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Evaluating Information, the CRAAP method. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: The University of Rhode Island. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/uri.libguides.com\/start\/craap\">http:\/\/uri.libguides.com\/start\/craap<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Assessing Usefulness. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Virginia Tech. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/info-skills.lib.vt.edu\/evaluating_info\/2.html\">http:\/\/info-skills.lib.vt.edu\/evaluating_info\/2.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Evaluating Sources. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Excelsior OWL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/evaluating-sources\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/evaluating-sources\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Thinking Critically About Sources . <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Ohio State University Libraries. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/thinking-about-sources\/\">https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/thinking-about-sources\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Choosing &amp; Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research by. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Icon of woman at desk. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Mohamed Hassan. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Pixabay. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/bully-harassment-workplace-work-3233568\/\">https:\/\/pixabay.com\/illustrations\/bully-harassment-workplace-work-3233568\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>Other<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: https:\/\/pixabay.com\/service\/terms\/#license<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Walk, Talk, Cook, Eat: A Guide to Using Sources\",\"author\":\"Cynthia R. 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