{"id":5249,"date":"2022-04-05T21:56:47","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T21:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=5249"},"modified":"2025-03-26T16:57:43","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T16:57:43","slug":"essay-assignment-cause-and-effect-essay-prewriting-and-draft","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/essay-assignment-cause-and-effect-essay-prewriting-and-draft\/","title":{"raw":"Essay Assignment: Cause-and-Effect Essay\u2014Prewriting and Draft","rendered":"Essay Assignment: Cause-and-Effect Essay\u2014Prewriting and Draft"},"content":{"raw":"For this assignment, you will work through the prewriting and drafting stages of your writing process in a cause-and-effect essay.\r\n<h2>Cause-and-Effect Essay Prewriting and Draft<\/h2>\r\n<h3>STEP 1: Choose a Topic<\/h3>\r\nChoose one of the following questions, and answer it in an essay developed by analyzing causes\u00a0<em>or<\/em>\u00a0effects. The question you decide on should concern a topic you care about so that the examples are a means of communicating an\u00a0<strong>idea;<\/strong>\u00a0not an end in themselves.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>People and Their Behavior\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What causes a couple to choose marriage or divorce, and what is the impact on their lives afterward?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What causes someone to get into trouble repeatedly, and what is the impact on their relationships or future?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What causes tension between roommates or friends, and what is the impact on their daily life?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Art and Entertainment\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How does representation in media affect young people's self-image?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does watching reality TV regularly influence how people think about relationships or success?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does seeing a favorite story adapted into a movie or show change how people view the original?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Contemporary Issues\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Why are more people choosing to delay major life milestones like marriage or homeownership, and what are the effects?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does student loan debt affect recent graduates\u2019 life choices and what are the effects?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are the causes and long-term effects of climate anxiety on young people\u2019s mental health?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Education\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What leads students to choose in-person vs. online classes, and how does that choice affect their success?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What causes some students to procrastinate repeatedly, and how does it shape their academic confidence?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What causes students to ignore signs of burnout, and what is the impact on their ability to stay engaged?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Media and Culture\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What causes people to filter or edit their online images and posts, and what is the impact on how they see themselves?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does sharing personal content online affect people\u2019s sense of connection or privacy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What leads people to \u201ccancel\u201d celebrities or influencers, and how does that affect public conversations?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>STEP 2: Prewriting<\/h3>\r\nTo get started writing, first pick at least one prewriting strategy (brainstorming, rewriting, <span class=\"s1\">journaling, mapping, questioning, sketching) to develop ideas for your essay. Write down what you do, as you\u2019ll need to submit evidence of your prewrite.<\/span>\r\n<h3>STEP 3: Drafting<\/h3>\r\nNext, write a draft of your essay. Be sure to:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Develop an essay by analyzing the causes and<em>\u00a0<\/em>effects of the prompt<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Decide on something you care about so that the narration is a means of communicating an\u00a0<strong>idea<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include<em>\u00a0characters,\u00a0<\/em><em>conflict, and <\/em><em>sensory details\u00a0<\/em>as appropriate to help your essay come alive<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a<em>\u00a0sequence\u00a0<\/em>of<em>\u00a0events<\/em>\u00a0in a\u00a0<em>plot\u00a0<\/em>to support the logical flow of your essay<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Develop an enticing title<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the introduction to pull the reader into your thesis with a singular experience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Avoid addressing the assignment directly (Don\u2019t write \u201cI am going to write about\u2026\u201d \u2013 this takes the fun out of reading the work!)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Let the essay\u00a0reflect your own voice (Is your voice serious? Humorous? Matter-of-fact?)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Organize the essay in a way that may capture the reader, but don\u2019t string the reader along too much with \u201cnext, next, next.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Avoid \u201ctelling\u201d your reader about what happened. Instead, \u201cshow\u201d what happens using active verbs and\/or concrete and descriptive nouns and details.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Make sure you take time to show significant details and reflect on why the topic\u2014and your experience with it\u2014is significant.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nYour essay should be a minimum of 3 typed, double-spaced pages (about 600\u2013750 words), in Times New Roman, 12 pt font size. The paper and citations should be formatted in MLA format. Papers submitted that do not meet these formatting requirements will be returned to you ungraded.\r\n<h3>STEP 4: Review and Submit<\/h3>\r\nBefore submitting your paper, review the bullet points listed above in the drafting stage and the grading rubric below, ensuring you have completed all parts of the assignment.\r\n\r\nOnce you have done this, submit your prewriting and draft as a single file upload. If you developed your prewriting by hand on paper, scan or take a picture of your prewriting, and then insert the image on a separate page after your draft.\r\n<h2>Rubric<\/h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"4\">\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #373d3f;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Grading Rubric: Cause-and-Effect Essay\u2014Prewriting and Draft<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Criteria<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Rating: Meets Expectation<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Approaching Expectation<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Point Total:\u00a050<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Ideas<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The paper demonstrates outstanding or above average idea development demonstrating cause and effect.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer sufficiently defines the topic, even though development is still basic or general.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10 pts<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Content<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The\u00a0paper demonstrates outstanding or above average evidence of supporting the main point. Paragraphs are well-developed and clear, showing how one thing led to another, and why.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates sufficient support of the main point, but could use more supporting details.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/15 pts<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Organization<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The organization is clear and showcases the central theme. The presentation of information is compelling.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The organizational structure is strong enough to move the reader through the text without too much confusion.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/15 pts<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Word Choice, Sentence Fluency, Conventions<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates an outstanding word choice selection, flow and cadence, with well-built sentences and strong grasp of standard writing conventions.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates sufficient selection of words. The text tends to be more mechanical and contains\u00a0some errors of standard writing conventions.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/5\u00a0pts<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Prewrite<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Attaches a prewrite example showing forethought in developing ideas for the essay.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Only partially demonstrate effective prewriting strategy<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/5 pts<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>For this assignment, you will work through the prewriting and drafting stages of your writing process in a cause-and-effect essay.<\/p>\n<h2>Cause-and-Effect Essay Prewriting and Draft<\/h2>\n<h3>STEP 1: Choose a Topic<\/h3>\n<p>Choose one of the following questions, and answer it in an essay developed by analyzing causes\u00a0<em>or<\/em>\u00a0effects. The question you decide on should concern a topic you care about so that the examples are a means of communicating an\u00a0<strong>idea;<\/strong>\u00a0not an end in themselves.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>People and Their Behavior\n<ul>\n<li>What causes a couple to choose marriage or divorce, and what is the impact on their lives afterward?<\/li>\n<li>What causes someone to get into trouble repeatedly, and what is the impact on their relationships or future?<\/li>\n<li>What causes tension between roommates or friends, and what is the impact on their daily life?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Art and Entertainment\n<ul>\n<li>How does representation in media affect young people&#8217;s self-image?<\/li>\n<li>How does watching reality TV regularly influence how people think about relationships or success?<\/li>\n<li>How does seeing a favorite story adapted into a movie or show change how people view the original?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Contemporary Issues\n<ul>\n<li>Why are more people choosing to delay major life milestones like marriage or homeownership, and what are the effects?<\/li>\n<li>How does student loan debt affect recent graduates\u2019 life choices and what are the effects?<\/li>\n<li>What are the causes and long-term effects of climate anxiety on young people\u2019s mental health?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Education\n<ul>\n<li>What leads students to choose in-person vs. online classes, and how does that choice affect their success?<\/li>\n<li>What causes some students to procrastinate repeatedly, and how does it shape their academic confidence?<\/li>\n<li>What causes students to ignore signs of burnout, and what is the impact on their ability to stay engaged?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Media and Culture\n<ul>\n<li>What causes people to filter or edit their online images and posts, and what is the impact on how they see themselves?<\/li>\n<li>How does sharing personal content online affect people\u2019s sense of connection or privacy?<\/li>\n<li>What leads people to \u201ccancel\u201d celebrities or influencers, and how does that affect public conversations?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>STEP 2: Prewriting<\/h3>\n<p>To get started writing, first pick at least one prewriting strategy (brainstorming, rewriting, <span class=\"s1\">journaling, mapping, questioning, sketching) to develop ideas for your essay. Write down what you do, as you\u2019ll need to submit evidence of your prewrite.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>STEP 3: Drafting<\/h3>\n<p>Next, write a draft of your essay. Be sure to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Develop an essay by analyzing the causes and<em>\u00a0<\/em>effects of the prompt<\/li>\n<li>Decide on something you care about so that the narration is a means of communicating an\u00a0<strong>idea<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Include<em>\u00a0characters,\u00a0<\/em><em>conflict, and <\/em><em>sensory details\u00a0<\/em>as appropriate to help your essay come alive<\/li>\n<li>Create a<em>\u00a0sequence\u00a0<\/em>of<em>\u00a0events<\/em>\u00a0in a\u00a0<em>plot\u00a0<\/em>to support the logical flow of your essay<\/li>\n<li>Develop an enticing title<\/li>\n<li>Use the introduction to pull the reader into your thesis with a singular experience.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid addressing the assignment directly (Don\u2019t write \u201cI am going to write about\u2026\u201d \u2013 this takes the fun out of reading the work!)<\/li>\n<li>Let the essay\u00a0reflect your own voice (Is your voice serious? Humorous? Matter-of-fact?)<\/li>\n<li>Organize the essay in a way that may capture the reader, but don\u2019t string the reader along too much with \u201cnext, next, next.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Avoid \u201ctelling\u201d your reader about what happened. Instead, \u201cshow\u201d what happens using active verbs and\/or concrete and descriptive nouns and details.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure you take time to show significant details and reflect on why the topic\u2014and your experience with it\u2014is significant.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Your essay should be a minimum of 3 typed, double-spaced pages (about 600\u2013750 words), in Times New Roman, 12 pt font size. The paper and citations should be formatted in MLA format. Papers submitted that do not meet these formatting requirements will be returned to you ungraded.<\/p>\n<h3>STEP 4: Review and Submit<\/h3>\n<p>Before submitting your paper, review the bullet points listed above in the drafting stage and the grading rubric below, ensuring you have completed all parts of the assignment.<\/p>\n<p>Once you have done this, submit your prewriting and draft as a single file upload. If you developed your prewriting by hand on paper, scan or take a picture of your prewriting, and then insert the image on a separate page after your draft.<\/p>\n<h2>Rubric<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #373d3f;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Grading Rubric: Cause-and-Effect Essay\u2014Prewriting and Draft<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Criteria<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Rating: Meets Expectation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Approaching Expectation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Point Total:\u00a050<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Ideas<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The paper demonstrates outstanding or above average idea development demonstrating cause and effect.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer sufficiently defines the topic, even though development is still basic or general.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10 pts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Content<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The\u00a0paper demonstrates outstanding or above average evidence of supporting the main point. Paragraphs are well-developed and clear, showing how one thing led to another, and why.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates sufficient support of the main point, but could use more supporting details.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/15 pts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Organization<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The organization is clear and showcases the central theme. The presentation of information is compelling.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The organizational structure is strong enough to move the reader through the text without too much confusion.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/15 pts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Word Choice, Sentence Fluency, Conventions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates an outstanding word choice selection, flow and cadence, with well-built sentences and strong grasp of standard writing conventions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The writer demonstrates sufficient selection of words. The text tends to be more mechanical and contains\u00a0some errors of standard writing conventions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/5\u00a0pts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Prewrite<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Attaches a prewrite example showing forethought in developing ideas for the essay.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Only partially demonstrate effective prewriting strategy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/5 pts<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-5249\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/lumenlearning.com\/\">http:\/\/lumenlearning.com\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Daryl Smith O&#039; Hare and Susan C. Hines. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Chadron State College. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li><strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Paul Powell. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Central Community College. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":428269,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/lumenlearning.com\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Daryl Smith O\\' Hare and Susan C. Hines\",\"organization\":\"Chadron State College\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Paul Powell\",\"organization\":\"Central Community College\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5249","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":5222,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/428269"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6549,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5249\/revisions\/6549"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5222"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5249\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5249"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5249"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}