{"id":5309,"date":"2022-04-06T00:10:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T00:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=5309"},"modified":"2025-03-31T18:48:49","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T18:48:49","slug":"module-6-discussion-narrowing-a-topic","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/module-6-discussion-narrowing-a-topic\/","title":{"raw":"Module 6 Discussion: Narrowing a Topic","rendered":"Module 6 Discussion: Narrowing a Topic"},"content":{"raw":"<p data-start=\"85\" data-end=\"349\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">In college, you may be assigned to write papers on any number of topics<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u2014engineering, social movements, sports, politics, education, history\u2014you name it. Sometimes, one of the biggest challenges in research writing can be narrowing a broad topic into a focused, researchable question that you can actually answer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"534\">This discussion will help you practice that process by identifying a broad topic, refining it with defining questions, and considering how you might develop that narrowed topic into an essay or paper.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"534\">Discussion Instructions<\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"579\"><strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"577\">STEP 1: <\/strong>In the discussion board, p<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial; color: #373d3f;\">ost a <\/span>broad topic<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial; color: #373d3f;\"> that you may be expected to write a paper about. Your topic should be something general (e.g., climate change, artificial intelligence, college tuition, public transportation).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<strong>STEP 2: <\/strong>Return to the discussion and\u00a0<strong>respond to TWO classmates\u2019 posts<\/strong> with defining questions that could help you narrow down the topic. For example, if someone posts the topic \"New York taxes,\" you could suggest these defining questions:\r\n<ul data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1425\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1213\">Why do only property owners (and not renters) in New York State pay school taxes?<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1276\">What percentage of school funding comes from school taxes?<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1340\">How does New York\u2019s school funding compare to other states?<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1425\">Does the state lottery system actually contribute to school funding as intended?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1551\">Your goal is to help your classmates find an angle for their research by asking thought-provoking, specific questions.<\/p>\r\n<strong>STEP 3:<\/strong> Return to your post and reflect on the defining questions provided by your classmates. Then, write a response that includes:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Two defining questions you would pursue if you were writing a paper on this topic.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Where you would go to find answers (e.g., government reports, academic journals, news sources, expert interviews).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A possible working thesis statement based on your defining questions.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A reflection on how asking defining questions helped you narrow your topic and generate ideas for writing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p3\"><span style=\"color: #077fab; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 600;\">Rubric<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table><caption><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Sample Grading Rubric<\/span><\/caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Criteria<\/span><\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Proficient<\/span><\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Developing<\/span><\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Not Evident<\/span><\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Points<\/span><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Follows prompt directions<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Follows the prompt instructions.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Somewhat follows the prompt instructions. Examples may incomplete.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Does not follow the instructions.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Responds to peers<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Response is engaged with peer's post. Posts on time.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Response is somewhat engaged with peer's post. Post is short and\/or late.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Does not follow the instructions.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"4\" scope=\"row\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Total:<\/span><\/th>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/20<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"<p data-start=\"85\" data-end=\"349\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">In college, you may be assigned to write papers on any number of topics<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">\u2014engineering, social movements, sports, politics, education, history\u2014you name it. Sometimes, one of the biggest challenges in research writing can be narrowing a broad topic into a focused, researchable question that you can actually answer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"534\">This discussion will help you practice that process by identifying a broad topic, refining it with defining questions, and considering how you might develop that narrowed topic into an essay or paper.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"534\">Discussion Instructions<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"579\"><strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"577\">STEP 1: <\/strong>In the discussion board, p<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial; color: #373d3f;\">ost a <\/span>broad topic<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; orphans: 1; text-align: initial; color: #373d3f;\"> that you may be expected to write a paper about. Your topic should be something general (e.g., climate change, artificial intelligence, college tuition, public transportation).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>STEP 2: <\/strong>Return to the discussion and\u00a0<strong>respond to TWO classmates\u2019 posts<\/strong> with defining questions that could help you narrow down the topic. For example, if someone posts the topic &#8220;New York taxes,&#8221; you could suggest these defining questions:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1425\">\n<li data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1213\">Why do only property owners (and not renters) in New York State pay school taxes?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1276\">What percentage of school funding comes from school taxes?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1340\">How does New York\u2019s school funding compare to other states?<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1425\">Does the state lottery system actually contribute to school funding as intended?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1551\">Your goal is to help your classmates find an angle for their research by asking thought-provoking, specific questions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>STEP 3:<\/strong> Return to your post and reflect on the defining questions provided by your classmates. Then, write a response that includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Two defining questions you would pursue if you were writing a paper on this topic.<\/li>\n<li>Where you would go to find answers (e.g., government reports, academic journals, news sources, expert interviews).<\/li>\n<li>A possible working thesis statement based on your defining questions.<\/li>\n<li>A reflection on how asking defining questions helped you narrow your topic and generate ideas for writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span style=\"color: #077fab; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 600;\">Rubric<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<caption><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Sample Grading Rubric<\/span><\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Criteria<\/span><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Proficient<\/span><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Developing<\/span><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Not Evident<\/span><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Points<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Follows prompt directions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Follows the prompt instructions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Somewhat follows the prompt instructions. Examples may incomplete.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Does not follow the instructions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Responds to peers<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Response is engaged with peer&#8217;s post. Posts on time.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Response is somewhat engaged with peer&#8217;s post. Post is short and\/or late.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Does not follow the instructions.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\" scope=\"row\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\">Total:<\/span><\/th>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">__\/20<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-5309\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Asking Defining Questions. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Excelsior College Online Writing Lab. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-process\/prewriting-strategies\/prewriting-strategies-asking-defining-questions\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-process\/prewriting-strategies\/prewriting-strategies-asking-defining-questions\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":428269,"menu_order":26,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Asking Defining Questions\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Excelsior College Online Writing Lab\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-process\/prewriting-strategies\/prewriting-strategies-asking-defining-questions\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5309","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":5222,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/428269"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6580,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5309\/revisions\/6580"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5222"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5309\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5309"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5309"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}