{"id":72,"date":"2019-12-07T11:35:58","date_gmt":"2019-12-07T11:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/coreqenglish1\/chapter\/sentence-fragments\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T01:46:21","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T01:46:21","slug":"sentence-fragments","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/sentence-fragments\/","title":{"raw":"Sentence Fragments","rendered":"Sentence Fragments"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Recognize sentence fragments<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Revise sentence fragments<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Key Takeaway: Sentence Fragments<\/h3>\r\nA\u00a0<strong>sentence fragment<\/strong>\u00a0is a grammatically incomplete sentence\u2014one that lacks a necessary component and cannot stand alone. To determine whether a sentence is complete, ask:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Does it have a subject?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Does it have a verb?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Does it express a complete thought?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Types of Sentence Fragments<\/h2>\r\nLet\u2019s explore common types of sentence fragments and how to fix them.\r\n<h3><strong>Missing a Subject<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nA sentence must have a subject\u2014the person or thing performing the action.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Example: Missing a subject<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Slammed the door and left.<\/em>\r\n\r\nWhat\u2019s missing? Who slammed the door?\r\n\r\n<strong>Corrected:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Suleika slammed the door and left.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nAs you\u2019re identifying fragments, keep in mind that command sentences are not fragments, despite not having a subject.\u00a0<strong>Commands<\/strong>\u00a0are the only grammatically correct sentences that lack a subject because the subject is implied.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Example: Commands<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Drop and give me fifty!<\/em>\u00a0(<em>You<\/em>\u00a0drop and give me fifty.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Count how many times the word \u201cfragrant\u201d is used during commercial breaks.<\/em>\u00a0(<em>You<\/em>\u00a0count how many times the word \u201cfragrant\u201d is used.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3><strong>Missing a Verb<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nA sentence must have a verb that expresses an action or state of being.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Example: Missing a verb<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>The answer to our prayers.<\/em>\r\n\r\nWhat about the answer? What happened?\r\n\r\n<strong>Corrected:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>The answer to our prayers is right in front of us.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3><strong>Incomplete Thought<\/strong><\/h3>\r\nSome fragments have a subject and a verb but fail to express a complete idea.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Example: Incomplete Thought<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Since she never saw the movie.<\/em>\r\n\r\nWhat happened as a result?\r\n\r\n<strong>Corrected:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Since she never saw the movie, I told her about it.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>I told her about the movie since she never saw it.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Sentence Length<\/h2>\r\nNote that sentence length does not determine whether it is a fragment. A sentence fragment isn\u2019t always short, and a complete sentence isn\u2019t always long.\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples: Sentence Length<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Complete sentence (short but correct):<\/strong>\r\n<em>She ran.<\/em>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Subject:<\/strong>\u00a0She<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Verb:<\/strong>\u00a0ran<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Fragment (long but incorrect):<\/strong>\r\n<em>Which is why we believe the proposed amendments should be passed.<\/em>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What is \u201cwhich\u201d referring to? The sentence is incomplete.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nSentence fragments can be tricky, but recognizing missing components\u2014subjects, verbs, or complete thoughts\u2014will help you correct them. Try identifying fragments in your writing and revising them into complete sentences.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #077fab; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 600;\">Common Causes of Fragments<\/span>\r\n\r\nOne of the reasons we write in fragments is because we often speak that way. However, there is a difference between formal writing and speech, and it is important to write in full sentences for academic writing.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Watch it<\/h3>\r\nWatch the following video for more examples and practice identifying sentence fragments.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xpoZBnXHg3E\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Recognizingfragments_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \"Recognizing fragments\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Fixing Sentence Fragments<\/h2>\r\nLet\u2019s take a look at a couple of examples:\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Example 1:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Ivana appeared at the committee meeting last week. And made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u201cAnd made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product\u201d in this example is not a complete sentence. There is no subject in this phrase, so the easiest fix is to simply delete the period and combine the two statements:<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">Ivana appeared at the committee meeting last week and made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Example 2:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The committee considered her ideas for a new marketing strategy quite powerful. The best ideas that they had heard in years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe part after the period, \u201cthe best ideas they had heard in years,\u201d is not a complete sentence \u2014there is no verb. By adding \u201cthey were\u201d to the beginning of this phrase, we have turned the fragment into an independent clause, which can now stand on its own:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The committee considered her ideas for a new marketing strategy quite powerful; they were the best ideas that they had heard in years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Example 3:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>She spent a full month evaluating his computer-based instructional materials. Which she eventually sent to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nLet\u2019s look at the clause \u201cWhich she eventually sent to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.\u201d This is not a complete sentence and is a dependent clause; the word \u201cwhich\u201d signals this fact. If we change \u201cwhich she eventually\u201d to \u201cEventually, she,\u201d we also turn the dependent clause into an independent clause.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>She spent a full month evaluating his computer-based instructional materials. Eventually, she sent the evaluation to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/48a48d22-7212-4be1-ad0b-eba9b5ca3b53\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3fab4e43-b48a-4ad5-9462-f4161e15775e\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3e4ab52a-3797-4fd1-8146-6e5e992ff195\r\n\r\nCheck your understanding of sentence fragments in the following interactive.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1290907214669229288\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recognize sentence fragments<\/li>\n<li>Revise sentence fragments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Key Takeaway: Sentence Fragments<\/h3>\n<p>A\u00a0<strong>sentence fragment<\/strong>\u00a0is a grammatically incomplete sentence\u2014one that lacks a necessary component and cannot stand alone. To determine whether a sentence is complete, ask:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does it have a subject?<\/li>\n<li>Does it have a verb?<\/li>\n<li>Does it express a complete thought?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Types of Sentence Fragments<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s explore common types of sentence fragments and how to fix them.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Missing a Subject<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A sentence must have a subject\u2014the person or thing performing the action.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Example: Missing a subject<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Slammed the door and left.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s missing? Who slammed the door?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrected:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Suleika slammed the door and left.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>As you\u2019re identifying fragments, keep in mind that command sentences are not fragments, despite not having a subject.\u00a0<strong>Commands<\/strong>\u00a0are the only grammatically correct sentences that lack a subject because the subject is implied.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Example: Commands<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Drop and give me fifty!<\/em>\u00a0(<em>You<\/em>\u00a0drop and give me fifty.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Count how many times the word \u201cfragrant\u201d is used during commercial breaks.<\/em>\u00a0(<em>You<\/em>\u00a0count how many times the word \u201cfragrant\u201d is used.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Missing a Verb<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A sentence must have a verb that expresses an action or state of being.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Example: Missing a verb<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>The answer to our prayers.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>What about the answer? What happened?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrected:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>The answer to our prayers is right in front of us.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong>Incomplete Thought<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Some fragments have a subject and a verb but fail to express a complete idea.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Example: Incomplete Thought<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Fragment:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>Since she never saw the movie.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>What happened as a result?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Corrected:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Since she never saw the movie, I told her about it.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I told her about the movie since she never saw it.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Sentence Length<\/h2>\n<p>Note that sentence length does not determine whether it is a fragment. A sentence fragment isn\u2019t always short, and a complete sentence isn\u2019t always long.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples: Sentence Length<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Complete sentence (short but correct):<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>She ran.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Subject:<\/strong>\u00a0She<\/li>\n<li><strong>Verb:<\/strong>\u00a0ran<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fragment (long but incorrect):<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Which is why we believe the proposed amendments should be passed.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is \u201cwhich\u201d referring to? The sentence is incomplete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sentence fragments can be tricky, but recognizing missing components\u2014subjects, verbs, or complete thoughts\u2014will help you correct them. Try identifying fragments in your writing and revising them into complete sentences.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #077fab; font-size: 1.15em; font-weight: 600;\">Common Causes of Fragments<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One of the reasons we write in fragments is because we often speak that way. However, there is a difference between formal writing and speech, and it is important to write in full sentences for academic writing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Watch it<\/h3>\n<p>Watch the following video for more examples and practice identifying sentence fragments.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xpoZBnXHg3E\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Recognizingfragments_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for &#8220;Recognizing fragments&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Fixing Sentence Fragments<\/h2>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at a couple of examples:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Examples<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Example 1:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ivana appeared at the committee meeting last week. And made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product.<\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u201cAnd made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product\u201d in this example is not a complete sentence. There is no subject in this phrase, so the easiest fix is to simply delete the period and combine the two statements:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">Ivana appeared at the committee meeting last week and made a convincing presentation of her ideas about the new product.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 2:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The committee considered her ideas for a new marketing strategy quite powerful. The best ideas that they had heard in years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The part after the period, \u201cthe best ideas they had heard in years,\u201d is not a complete sentence \u2014there is no verb. By adding \u201cthey were\u201d to the beginning of this phrase, we have turned the fragment into an independent clause, which can now stand on its own:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The committee considered her ideas for a new marketing strategy quite powerful; they were the best ideas that they had heard in years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Example 3:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She spent a full month evaluating his computer-based instructional materials. Which she eventually sent to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at the clause \u201cWhich she eventually sent to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.\u201d This is not a complete sentence and is a dependent clause; the word \u201cwhich\u201d signals this fact. If we change \u201cwhich she eventually\u201d to \u201cEventually, she,\u201d we also turn the dependent clause into an independent clause.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She spent a full month evaluating his computer-based instructional materials. Eventually, she sent the evaluation to her supervisor with the strongest of recommendations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_48a48d22-7212-4be1-ad0b-eba9b5ca3b53\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/48a48d22-7212-4be1-ad0b-eba9b5ca3b53?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_48a48d22-7212-4be1-ad0b-eba9b5ca3b53\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_3fab4e43-b48a-4ad5-9462-f4161e15775e\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3fab4e43-b48a-4ad5-9462-f4161e15775e?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_3fab4e43-b48a-4ad5-9462-f4161e15775e\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"assessment_practice_3e4ab52a-3797-4fd1-8146-6e5e992ff195\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assess.lumenlearning.com\/practice\/3e4ab52a-3797-4fd1-8146-6e5e992ff195?iframe_resize_id=assessment_practice_id_3e4ab52a-3797-4fd1-8146-6e5e992ff195\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:300px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Check your understanding of sentence fragments in the following interactive.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/lumenlearning.h5p.com\/content\/1290907214669229288\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-72\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Revision, Adaptation, and Original Content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Punctuation: Commas. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: David McMurrey. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/gram1.html\">https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/gram1.html<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Sentence Fragments Activity. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Excelsior OWL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-refresher\/grammar-refresher\/sentence-fragments\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-refresher\/grammar-refresher\/sentence-fragments\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Recognizing Fragments. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Khan Academy. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/syntax-conventions-of-standard-english\/fragments-and-run-ons\/v\/recognizing-fragments-syntax-khan-academy\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/grammar\/syntax-conventions-of-standard-english\/fragments-and-run-ons\/v\/recognizing-fragments-syntax-khan-academy<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube license<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":17,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Revision, Adaptation, and Original Content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Punctuation: Commas\",\"author\":\"David McMurrey\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.prismnet.com\/~hcexres\/textbook\/gram1.html\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Sentence Fragments Activity\",\"author\":\"Excelsior 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