{"id":125,"date":"2022-04-04T15:53:48","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T15:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/esc-businesscomskills\/chapter\/primary-sources-and-internal-data\/"},"modified":"2022-04-04T15:53:48","modified_gmt":"2022-04-04T15:53:48","slug":"primary-sources-and-internal-data","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/esc-businesscomskills\/chapter\/primary-sources-and-internal-data\/","title":{"raw":"Primary Sources and Internal Data","rendered":"Primary Sources and Internal Data"},"content":{"raw":"\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Identify types of primary sources and internal data<\/li>\n \t<li>Discuss methods for collecting and analyzing internal data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Primary Sources<\/h2>\nIthaca College Library defines primary sources as:[footnote]Ithaca College Library. \"Primary and Secondary Sources.\" Web.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.ithaca.edu\/research101\/primary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/libguides.ithaca.edu\/research101\/primary<\/a>. 18 June 2018.[\/footnote]\n<blockquote>[Direct] or first hand evidence about an event, object, [or person, and could include] historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects. Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups are also primary sources.<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Practice Question<\/h3>\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/8540\n\n<\/div>\n<h2>Internal Data<\/h2>\nInternal data are data about your organization derived from internal primary sources. A report by HR about turnover and hiring or financials from Accounting or Finance are common examples. Note how an article in a business magazine about your organization's talent management would be a secondary source, even if it referenced internal data--originally a primary source. Internal data are usually not available outside the organization unless the organization is mandated to produce such reports, for example publicly-traded companies must file a variety of reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Depending on the size of your organization, its own public filings may be a great source of material for your business reports.\n\nLet's take a look at Apple's 10-K, which is a report that publicly traded companies must make annually about their organizations. <a href=\"https:\/\/s2.q4cdn.com\/470004039\/files\/doc_financials\/2018\/q4\/10-K-2018-(As-Filed).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apple\u2019s annual 10-K reports<\/a> can be found online.\n\nWhile Apple's data are published publicly for large investor oriented firms (i.e., \u201cpublicly traded\u201d), similar data would be interesting and meaningful for other companies in any business environment. We might argue that the most fundamental data are the financials, but other data, such as those around employee hiring practices, leadership bios, and other more qualitative information would still prove beneficial. In this, we can argue that quantitative and qualitative data are both desirable; both are needed to gain the best picture of the reality of a given firm\u2019s situation.\n<h3>Collecting Internal Data<\/h3>\nGathering data on your own organization is a much more complicated phenomenon than we might suspect. Depending on your project or business report, the politics of the event may be quite substantial. Internal data can come from a variety of sources and departments\u2014from sales reports, financial documents, human resources information, or elsewhere.\n\nIf we return to Martha\u2019s case, we remember that her project involves studying The Human Fund\u2019s impact on people who are homeless in downtown Chicago. Her background reading would certainly involve looking at any available data on-hand in her own organization. Depending on where she sits, and for whom she works, this data may be readily available, or using it might necessitate some sort of cross-divisional\u2014or at least team\u2014privilege and access. Hopefully she can get her hands on internal information such as the number of participants in the Human Fund, find information about how long individuals participate in the program, or get numbers on the cost of the program to the company, etc.\n<h2>Research in the Social Sciences<\/h2>\nAccess is a key concept in social science research. Anthropologists, who often immerse themselves with sub-cultures to observe their lives, probably understand access issues better than most other researchers. If they do not have good access to a group, their ability to conduct their study is compromised. Anthropologists studying the homeless population in Chicago might live among them for a time. Since this is impractical for Martha, she decides to do research more like a sociologist, who tend to use surveys and have less need for direct, prolonged access. Surveys can be difficult to use, however, as they may be completed incorrectly, incompletely, or not at all. When you are participating in \u201cHow did we do?\u201d surveys after a customer service phone call or other service event, you are participating in sociological research.\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\nCheck out the following two videos that discuss anthropological and sociological data gathering:\n\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=2774973&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=J5aglbgTEig&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-m1mn9tzu-J5aglbgTEig\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\n\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/QwhK-iEyXYA\n\nNote the difference in attitude and goals. While this explanation is a bit simplified, the anthropologist is interested in observing and understanding culture; the sociologist surveys and tests ideas through the use of less personal, but more structured, tools. For our purposes, we may consider how both types of data collection, and both types of attitudes towards data, are useful for business report writing. The goal is getting as much insight into a problem as possible. Depending on your time available, using multiple methods is wise.\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>practice question<\/h3>\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/8541\n\n<\/div>\n<h2>Analyzing Data<\/h2>\nYour analysis of a given data set, whether internal or external, is based off of the data gathered. Anthropology tends to view the following as types of data:\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the types of interactions, often called \u201ctransactions\u201d that the population engages in<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">topics and themes of the transactions<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">occurrence\/recurrence of the transactions<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tensions between what the group represents as \u201ctruth\u201d versus observations the researcher or analyst perceives differently<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nAnthropologists attempt to&nbsp;make connections and meaning by linking these data to stories and accounts of a given culture or experience. In an interview with CBS News, Dr. Genevieve Bell, an anthropologist, discusses her interest in people and how studying them is, \u201cabout spending time with them.\u201d[footnote]CBS News. \"Intel's cultural anthropologist talks life and technology.\"16 May 2013.Web. <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ntnyl2V0U9g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/ntnyl2V0U9g<\/a>. 18 June 2018.[\/footnote] While these data can appear \u201csquishy\u201d at times, or too reliant on the researcher\u2019s interpretation, this type of study is very useful for most business circumstances. Provided the business report writer or researcher is aware of their bias(es), and has thought about the ethics of their research (i.e., <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stakeholder_analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stakeholder analysis<\/a>), the type of insights derived can be quite helpful.\n\nSociological data sets can be similar, but the analysis will be more quantitative and broken down into categories and variables for statistical analysis. Surveys are the most common tool to gain sociological data. You\u2019d naturally be familiar with many of them, for example, customer-satisfaction surveys, expressing your opinion around a particular product. Usually you\u2019re asked to express the opinion along a Likert scale: something like \u201c7 means you\u2019re extremely satisfied, 1 means you\u2019re extremely dissatisfied.\u201d Depending on how elaborate you would like your analysis to be, working with statistical data sets can become quite complex. There are also issues around quantifying human behavior and opinion. Clearly one person\u2019s 7 is likely to be different from another\u2019s, even if they are similar enough conceptually. For our purposes here, we recommend you emphasize simplicity in your business data analysis. Professional sociologists, trained in skills such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multivariate_analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multivariate analysis<\/a>, can help when required, but generally this type of analysis is unnecessary for day to day decision-making and information dissemination.\n\nIf you decide to analyze data sets using statistical methods, manipulating the data through a third party platform like Qualtrics or Survey Monkey can be helpful. Develop simple surveys, and use very simple Likert scales to help quantify your data. Note that surveys present qualitative data in a quantified form; take care when representing these types of data as accurate and representative of human sentiment or behavior.\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>practice questions<\/h3>\nhttps:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/8542\n\n<\/div>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<a style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1AdQb_4PCW-Ff71JootgfmKNJkwC5Da5yOktIOPAIopw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a>\n","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify types of primary sources and internal data<\/li>\n<li>Discuss methods for collecting and analyzing internal data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Primary Sources<\/h2>\n<p>Ithaca College Library defines primary sources as:<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ithaca College Library. &quot;Primary and Secondary Sources.&quot; Web.\u00a0https:\/\/libguides.ithaca.edu\/research101\/primary. 18 June 2018.\" id=\"return-footnote-125-1\" href=\"#footnote-125-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[Direct] or first hand evidence about an event, object, [or person, and could include] historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects. Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet communications via email, blogs, listservs, and newsgroups are also primary sources.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>Practice Question<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_8540\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=8540&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_8540\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Internal Data<\/h2>\n<p>Internal data are data about your organization derived from internal primary sources. A report by HR about turnover and hiring or financials from Accounting or Finance are common examples. Note how an article in a business magazine about your organization&#8217;s talent management would be a secondary source, even if it referenced internal data&#8211;originally a primary source. Internal data are usually not available outside the organization unless the organization is mandated to produce such reports, for example publicly-traded companies must file a variety of reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Depending on the size of your organization, its own public filings may be a great source of material for your business reports.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at Apple&#8217;s 10-K, which is a report that publicly traded companies must make annually about their organizations. <a href=\"https:\/\/s2.q4cdn.com\/470004039\/files\/doc_financials\/2018\/q4\/10-K-2018-(As-Filed).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apple\u2019s annual 10-K reports<\/a> can be found online.<\/p>\n<p>While Apple&#8217;s data are published publicly for large investor oriented firms (i.e., \u201cpublicly traded\u201d), similar data would be interesting and meaningful for other companies in any business environment. We might argue that the most fundamental data are the financials, but other data, such as those around employee hiring practices, leadership bios, and other more qualitative information would still prove beneficial. In this, we can argue that quantitative and qualitative data are both desirable; both are needed to gain the best picture of the reality of a given firm\u2019s situation.<\/p>\n<h3>Collecting Internal Data<\/h3>\n<p>Gathering data on your own organization is a much more complicated phenomenon than we might suspect. Depending on your project or business report, the politics of the event may be quite substantial. Internal data can come from a variety of sources and departments\u2014from sales reports, financial documents, human resources information, or elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>If we return to Martha\u2019s case, we remember that her project involves studying The Human Fund\u2019s impact on people who are homeless in downtown Chicago. Her background reading would certainly involve looking at any available data on-hand in her own organization. Depending on where she sits, and for whom she works, this data may be readily available, or using it might necessitate some sort of cross-divisional\u2014or at least team\u2014privilege and access. Hopefully she can get her hands on internal information such as the number of participants in the Human Fund, find information about how long individuals participate in the program, or get numbers on the cost of the program to the company, etc.<\/p>\n<h2>Research in the Social Sciences<\/h2>\n<p>Access is a key concept in social science research. Anthropologists, who often immerse themselves with sub-cultures to observe their lives, probably understand access issues better than most other researchers. If they do not have good access to a group, their ability to conduct their study is compromised. Anthropologists studying the homeless population in Chicago might live among them for a time. Since this is impractical for Martha, she decides to do research more like a sociologist, who tend to use surveys and have less need for direct, prolonged access. Surveys can be difficult to use, however, as they may be completed incorrectly, incompletely, or not at all. When you are participating in \u201cHow did we do?\u201d surveys after a customer service phone call or other service event, you are participating in sociological research.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Check out the following two videos that discuss anthropological and sociological data gathering:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=2774973&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=J5aglbgTEig&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-m1mn9tzu-J5aglbgTEig\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Sociology Research Methods: Crash Course Sociology #4\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QwhK-iEyXYA?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Note the difference in attitude and goals. While this explanation is a bit simplified, the anthropologist is interested in observing and understanding culture; the sociologist surveys and tests ideas through the use of less personal, but more structured, tools. For our purposes, we may consider how both types of data collection, and both types of attitudes towards data, are useful for business report writing. The goal is getting as much insight into a problem as possible. Depending on your time available, using multiple methods is wise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>practice question<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_8541\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=8541&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_8541\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Analyzing Data<\/h2>\n<p>Your analysis of a given data set, whether internal or external, is based off of the data gathered. Anthropology tends to view the following as types of data:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the types of interactions, often called \u201ctransactions\u201d that the population engages in<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">topics and themes of the transactions<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">occurrence\/recurrence of the transactions<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tensions between what the group represents as \u201ctruth\u201d versus observations the researcher or analyst perceives differently<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Anthropologists attempt to&nbsp;make connections and meaning by linking these data to stories and accounts of a given culture or experience. In an interview with CBS News, Dr. Genevieve Bell, an anthropologist, discusses her interest in people and how studying them is, \u201cabout spending time with them.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"CBS News. &quot;Intel's cultural anthropologist talks life and technology.&quot;16 May 2013.Web. https:\/\/youtu.be\/ntnyl2V0U9g. 18 June 2018.\" id=\"return-footnote-125-2\" href=\"#footnote-125-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> While these data can appear \u201csquishy\u201d at times, or too reliant on the researcher\u2019s interpretation, this type of study is very useful for most business circumstances. Provided the business report writer or researcher is aware of their bias(es), and has thought about the ethics of their research (i.e., <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stakeholder_analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stakeholder analysis<\/a>), the type of insights derived can be quite helpful.<\/p>\n<p>Sociological data sets can be similar, but the analysis will be more quantitative and broken down into categories and variables for statistical analysis. Surveys are the most common tool to gain sociological data. You\u2019d naturally be familiar with many of them, for example, customer-satisfaction surveys, expressing your opinion around a particular product. Usually you\u2019re asked to express the opinion along a Likert scale: something like \u201c7 means you\u2019re extremely satisfied, 1 means you\u2019re extremely dissatisfied.\u201d Depending on how elaborate you would like your analysis to be, working with statistical data sets can become quite complex. There are also issues around quantifying human behavior and opinion. Clearly one person\u2019s 7 is likely to be different from another\u2019s, even if they are similar enough conceptually. For our purposes here, we recommend you emphasize simplicity in your business data analysis. Professional sociologists, trained in skills such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multivariate_analysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multivariate analysis<\/a>, can help when required, but generally this type of analysis is unnecessary for day to day decision-making and information dissemination.<\/p>\n<p>If you decide to analyze data sets using statistical methods, manipulating the data through a third party platform like Qualtrics or Survey Monkey can be helpful. Develop simple surveys, and use very simple Likert scales to help quantify your data. Note that surveys present qualitative data in a quantified form; take care when representing these types of data as accurate and representative of human sentiment or behavior.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox tryit\">\n<h3>practice questions<\/h3>\n<p>\t<iframe id=\"lumen_assessment_8542\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/assessments.lumenlearning.com\/assessments\/load?assessment_id=8542&#38;embed=1&#38;external_user_id=&#38;external_context_id=&#38;iframe_resize_id=lumen_assessment_8542\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:400px;\"><br \/>\n\t<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Contribute!<\/h2>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">Did you have an idea for improving this content? We\u2019d love your input.<\/div>\n<p><a style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-weight: 600; color: #077fab; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid #077fab; border-radius: 7px; padding: 5px 25px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1AdQb_4PCW-Ff71JootgfmKNJkwC5Da5yOktIOPAIopw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Improve this page<\/a><a style=\"margin-left: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1vy-T6DtTF-BbMfpVEI7VP_R7w2A4anzYZLXR8Pk4Fu4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn More<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-125\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Primary Sources and Internal Data. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Freedom Learning Group. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">All rights reserved content<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>An introduction to the discipline of Anthropology. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Macat. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/J5aglbgTEig\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/J5aglbgTEig<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><li>Sociology Research Methods. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: CrashCourse. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QwhK-iEyXYA\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/QwhK-iEyXYA<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: Crash Course Sociology. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em>All Rights Reserved<\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Standard YouTube License<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-125-1\">Ithaca College Library. \"Primary and Secondary Sources.\" Web.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.ithaca.edu\/research101\/primary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/libguides.ithaca.edu\/research101\/primary<\/a>. 18 June 2018. <a href=\"#return-footnote-125-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-125-2\">CBS News. \"Intel's cultural anthropologist talks life and technology.\"16 May 2013.Web. <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ntnyl2V0U9g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/ntnyl2V0U9g<\/a>. 18 June 2018. <a href=\"#return-footnote-125-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":395986,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Primary Sources and Internal Data\",\"author\":\"Freedom Learning Group\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"An introduction to the discipline of Anthropology\",\"author\":\"Macat\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/J5aglbgTEig\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Sociology Research Methods\",\"author\":\"CrashCourse\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QwhK-iEyXYA\",\"project\":\"Crash Course Sociology\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"ac45ea48-13f2-4b5a-ad87-8777414654b4, e003cb0b-6157-40e2-9fcc-25f32c8d577e, 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