{"id":242,"date":"2015-03-19T23:08:13","date_gmt":"2015-03-19T23:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.candelalearning.com\/introductiontocollegewriting\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=242"},"modified":"2015-07-02T00:15:15","modified_gmt":"2015-07-02T00:15:15","slug":"slang-and-idioms","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/everettcc-introductiontocollegewriting\/chapter\/slang-and-idioms\/","title":{"raw":"Levels of Formality and Slang and Idioms","rendered":"Levels of Formality and Slang and Idioms"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVES<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Understand levels of formality<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Recognize slang and idioms.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Learn to avoid using slang and idioms in formal writing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nWords are the basis of how a reader or listener judges you, the writer and speaker. When you write an academic paper or speak in a business interview, you want to be sure to choose your words carefully. In our casual, everyday talk, we often use a lot of \u201cums,\u201d \u201clikes,\u201d \u201cyeahs,\u201d and so on. This everyday language is not appropriate for formal contexts, such as academic papers and business interviews. You should switch between different ways of speaking and writing depending on whether the context is formal or informal.\r\n\r\nEach of us adapts in some way depending on who we're speaking to.\u00a0 You would probably talk very different to your mother versus your best friend versus your boss.\u00a0 In the same manner, think of the written language as something that also should adapt according to its purposes and who its speaking to.\u00a0 Academic English, though not the most formal out there, tends to be more formal than say, a magazine article, and most definitely more so than an email or text.\u00a0 So here are some ways to think about these different levels of formality:\r\n\r\n<strong>Informal Style<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUse this when writing to a very limited audience\u2014yourself, a close friend, a classmate\u2014in short notes or personal letters.\u00a0 Informal writing is colloquial and may contain slang or fragments.\r\n\r\n<i>Example: Most dudes in my college fraternity seem to be pretty brainy, and they hit the books real hard.\u00a0 But they aren\u2019t that stuck up, not like the Geek Patrol we knew at Jefferson High.\u00a0 In fat, they\u2019re all right.\u00a0 They even tutor kids whose grades are tanking.<\/i>\r\n\r\n<strong>Familiar\/Popular Style<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUse in short business memos, letters to the editor, friends, or relatives.\u00a0 Familiar writing resembles everyday conversation but does not use colloquialisms, slang, or fragments.\r\n\r\n<i>Example: You would like the students in my fraternity.\u00a0 They are fairly smart, but they often burn the midnight oil when they want to ace a big exam.\u00a0 However, they\u2019re not snobby eggheads.\u00a0 In fact they often tutor other kids who are having trouble with school work.<\/i>\r\n\r\n<strong>Formal Style<\/strong>\r\n\r\nUse when writing academic papers, essay questions, business letters or business reports.\u00a0 It is usually highly stylized and uses no colloquialisms, slang, or clich\u00e9s.\u00a0 There is no addressing of the reader by using \u201cyou.\u201d\u00a0 Also, more formal vocabulary is used as well as more complex sentence structure.\r\n\r\n<i>Example: Students in my fraternity are quite likable.\u00a0 They are intelligent, but they are also diligent, studying hard especially when it comes to major examinations.\u00a0 However, they are not snobs.\u00a0 In fact they often tutor other students who are having difficult with their studies.<\/i>\r\n\r\nFor most academic papers, you should aim to write in the formal style.\u00a0 Most of us tend to write more in the familiar style and consider that formal, but academic writing should not have the colloquial, everyday speech feel of familiar style.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Slang<\/h2>\r\nHey guys, let\u2019s learn about slang and other cool stuff like that! It will be awesome, trust me. This section is off the hook! What do you notice about the previous paragraph? You might notice that the language sounds informal, or casual, like someone might talk with a friend or family member. The paragraph also uses a lot of <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">slang<\/span><\/span>. Slang is a type of language that is informal and playful. It often changes over time. The slang of the past is different than the slang of today, but some slang has carried over into the present. Slang also varies by region and culture. The important thing to understand is that slang is casual talk, and you should avoid using it in formal contexts. There are literally thousands of slang words and expressions. Table 5.17 \"Slang Expressions\" explains just a few of the more common terms.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.17<\/span> Slang Expressions\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Slang Word or Phrase<\/th>\r\n<th>Meaning<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>check it out, check this out<\/td>\r\n<td>v. look at, watch, examine<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>chocoholic, workaholic, shopaholic<\/td>\r\n<td>n. a person who loves, is addicted to chocolate\/work\/shopping<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>stuff<\/td>\r\n<td>n. things (used as a singular, noncount noun)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>taking care of business<\/td>\r\n<td>doing things that need to be done<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>pro<\/td>\r\n<td>n. a person who is a professional<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>crack up<\/td>\r\n<td>v. to laugh uncontrollably<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>veg (sounds like the <em class=\"im_emphasis\">veg<\/em> in <em class=\"im_emphasis im_bolditalic\">veg<\/em><em class=\"im_emphasis\">etable<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<td>v. relax and do nothing<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>dude, man<\/td>\r\n<td>n. person, man<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>all-nighter<\/td>\r\n<td>n. studying all night<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>cool<\/td>\r\n<td>adj. good, fashionable<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>gross, nasty<\/td>\r\n<td>adj. disgusting<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>pig out<\/td>\r\n<td>v. eat a lot, overeat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>screw up<\/td>\r\n<td>v. make a mistake<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>awesome<\/td>\r\n<td>adj. great<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_n01\" class=\"im_exercises im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Exercise 1<\/h3>\r\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">Edit the business e-mail by replacing any slang words and phrases with more formal language. <span id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_bl01\" class=\"im_blockquote\">Dear Ms. O\u2019Connor: I am writing to follow up on my interview from last week. First of all, it was awesome to meet you. You are a really cool lady. I believe I would be a pro at all the stuff you mentioned that would be required of me in this job. I am not a workaholic, but I do work hard and \u201ctake care of business.\u201d Haha. Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, M. Ernest Anderson<\/span><\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\r\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Idioms<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Idioms<\/span><\/span> are expressions that have a meaning different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words in the expression. Because English contains many idioms, nonnative English speakers have difficulties making logical sense of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The more you are exposed to English, however, the more idioms you will come to understand. Until then, memorizing the more common idioms may be of some help.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.18<\/span> Idioms\r\n<table cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Idiom<\/th>\r\n<th>Definition<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>a blessing in disguise<\/td>\r\n<td>a good thing you do not recognize at first<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>a piece of cake<\/td>\r\n<td>easy to do<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>better late than never<\/td>\r\n<td>it is better to do something late than not at all<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>get over it<\/td>\r\n<td>recover from something (like a perceived insult)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>I have no idea<\/td>\r\n<td>I don\u2019t know<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>not a chance<\/td>\r\n<td>it will definitely not happen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>on pins and needles<\/td>\r\n<td>very nervous about something that is happening<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>on top of the world<\/td>\r\n<td>feeling great<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>pulling your leg<\/td>\r\n<td>making a joke by tricking another person<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>the sky is the limit<\/td>\r\n<td>the possibilities are endless<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhat if you come across an idiom that you do not understand? There are clues that can help you. They are called <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">context clues<\/span><\/span>. Context clues are words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase that may help you decipher its meaning.\r\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\">\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Definition or explanation clue.<\/strong> An idiom may be explained immediately after its use. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> I felt like I was sitting <em class=\"im_emphasis\">on pins and needles<\/em> <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">I was so nervous<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Restatement or synonym clues.<\/strong> An idiom may be simplified or restated. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The young girl felt as though she had been <em class=\"im_emphasis\">sent to the dog house<\/em> when her mother <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">punished her<\/strong> for fighting in school.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Contrast or Antonym clues.<\/strong> An idiom may be clarified by a contrasting phrase or antonym that is near it. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> Chynna thought the 5k marathon would be <em class=\"im_emphasis\">a piece of cake<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis im_bolditalic\">but<\/em> <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">it turned out to be very difficult<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nPay attention to the signal word <em class=\"im_emphasis\">but<\/em>, which tells the reader that an opposite thought or concept is occurring.\r\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\"><section id=\"glossary\">\r\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Informal language is not appropriate in formal writing or speaking contexts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Slang and idioms might not make logical sense to nonnative speakers of English.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>It is good to be aware of slang and idioms so they do not appear in your formal writing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>LEARNING OBJECTIVES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Understand levels of formality<\/li>\n<li>Recognize slang and idioms.<\/li>\n<li>Learn to avoid using slang and idioms in formal writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Words are the basis of how a reader or listener judges you, the writer and speaker. When you write an academic paper or speak in a business interview, you want to be sure to choose your words carefully. In our casual, everyday talk, we often use a lot of \u201cums,\u201d \u201clikes,\u201d \u201cyeahs,\u201d and so on. This everyday language is not appropriate for formal contexts, such as academic papers and business interviews. You should switch between different ways of speaking and writing depending on whether the context is formal or informal.<\/p>\n<p>Each of us adapts in some way depending on who we&#8217;re speaking to.\u00a0 You would probably talk very different to your mother versus your best friend versus your boss.\u00a0 In the same manner, think of the written language as something that also should adapt according to its purposes and who its speaking to.\u00a0 Academic English, though not the most formal out there, tends to be more formal than say, a magazine article, and most definitely more so than an email or text.\u00a0 So here are some ways to think about these different levels of formality:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Informal Style<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Use this when writing to a very limited audience\u2014yourself, a close friend, a classmate\u2014in short notes or personal letters.\u00a0 Informal writing is colloquial and may contain slang or fragments.<\/p>\n<p><i>Example: Most dudes in my college fraternity seem to be pretty brainy, and they hit the books real hard.\u00a0 But they aren\u2019t that stuck up, not like the Geek Patrol we knew at Jefferson High.\u00a0 In fat, they\u2019re all right.\u00a0 They even tutor kids whose grades are tanking.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong>Familiar\/Popular Style<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Use in short business memos, letters to the editor, friends, or relatives.\u00a0 Familiar writing resembles everyday conversation but does not use colloquialisms, slang, or fragments.<\/p>\n<p><i>Example: You would like the students in my fraternity.\u00a0 They are fairly smart, but they often burn the midnight oil when they want to ace a big exam.\u00a0 However, they\u2019re not snobby eggheads.\u00a0 In fact they often tutor other kids who are having trouble with school work.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong>Formal Style<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Use when writing academic papers, essay questions, business letters or business reports.\u00a0 It is usually highly stylized and uses no colloquialisms, slang, or clich\u00e9s.\u00a0 There is no addressing of the reader by using \u201cyou.\u201d\u00a0 Also, more formal vocabulary is used as well as more complex sentence structure.<\/p>\n<p><i>Example: Students in my fraternity are quite likable.\u00a0 They are intelligent, but they are also diligent, studying hard especially when it comes to major examinations.\u00a0 However, they are not snobs.\u00a0 In fact they often tutor other students who are having difficult with their studies.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>For most academic papers, you should aim to write in the formal style.\u00a0 Most of us tend to write more in the familiar style and consider that formal, but academic writing should not have the colloquial, everyday speech feel of familiar style.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Slang<\/h2>\n<p>Hey guys, let\u2019s learn about slang and other cool stuff like that! It will be awesome, trust me. This section is off the hook! What do you notice about the previous paragraph? You might notice that the language sounds informal, or casual, like someone might talk with a friend or family member. The paragraph also uses a lot of <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">slang<\/span><\/span>. Slang is a type of language that is informal and playful. It often changes over time. The slang of the past is different than the slang of today, but some slang has carried over into the present. Slang also varies by region and culture. The important thing to understand is that slang is casual talk, and you should avoid using it in formal contexts. There are literally thousands of slang words and expressions. Table 5.17 &#8220;Slang Expressions&#8221; explains just a few of the more common terms.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.17<\/span> Slang Expressions<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Slang Word or Phrase<\/th>\n<th>Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>check it out, check this out<\/td>\n<td>v. look at, watch, examine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>chocoholic, workaholic, shopaholic<\/td>\n<td>n. a person who loves, is addicted to chocolate\/work\/shopping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>stuff<\/td>\n<td>n. things (used as a singular, noncount noun)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>taking care of business<\/td>\n<td>doing things that need to be done<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pro<\/td>\n<td>n. a person who is a professional<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>crack up<\/td>\n<td>v. to laugh uncontrollably<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>veg (sounds like the <em class=\"im_emphasis\">veg<\/em> in <em class=\"im_emphasis im_bolditalic\">veg<\/em><em class=\"im_emphasis\">etable<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>v. relax and do nothing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dude, man<\/td>\n<td>n. person, man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>all-nighter<\/td>\n<td>n. studying all night<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cool<\/td>\n<td>adj. good, fashionable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>gross, nasty<\/td>\n<td>adj. disgusting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pig out<\/td>\n<td>v. eat a lot, overeat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>screw up<\/td>\n<td>v. make a mistake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>awesome<\/td>\n<td>adj. great<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_n01\" class=\"im_exercises im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Exercise 1<\/h3>\n<section id=\"self-check-questions\">Edit the business e-mail by replacing any slang words and phrases with more formal language. <span id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s01_bl01\" class=\"im_blockquote\">Dear Ms. O\u2019Connor: I am writing to follow up on my interview from last week. First of all, it was awesome to meet you. You are a really cool lady. I believe I would be a pro at all the stuff you mentioned that would be required of me in this job. I am not a workaholic, but I do work hard and \u201ctake care of business.\u201d Haha. Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns. Sincerely, M. Ernest Anderson<\/span><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02\" class=\"im_section\">\n<h2 class=\"im_title im_editable im_block\">Idioms<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">Idioms<\/span><\/span> are expressions that have a meaning different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words in the expression. Because English contains many idioms, nonnative English speakers have difficulties making logical sense of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The more you are exposed to English, however, the more idioms you will come to understand. Until then, memorizing the more common idioms may be of some help.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_t01\" class=\"im_table im_block\"><span class=\"im_title-prefix\">Table 5.18<\/span> Idioms<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-spacing: 0px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Idiom<\/th>\n<th>Definition<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>a blessing in disguise<\/td>\n<td>a good thing you do not recognize at first<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>a piece of cake<\/td>\n<td>easy to do<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>better late than never<\/td>\n<td>it is better to do something late than not at all<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>get over it<\/td>\n<td>recover from something (like a perceived insult)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>I have no idea<\/td>\n<td>I don\u2019t know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>not a chance<\/td>\n<td>it will definitely not happen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>on pins and needles<\/td>\n<td>very nervous about something that is happening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>on top of the world<\/td>\n<td>feeling great<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>pulling your leg<\/td>\n<td>making a joke by tricking another person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>the sky is the limit<\/td>\n<td>the possibilities are endless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>What if you come across an idiom that you do not understand? There are clues that can help you. They are called <span class=\"im_margin_term\"><span class=\"im_glossterm\">context clues<\/span><\/span>. Context clues are words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase that may help you decipher its meaning.<\/p>\n<ol id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_l01\" class=\"im_orderedlist im_editable im_block\">\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Definition or explanation clue.<\/strong> An idiom may be explained immediately after its use. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> I felt like I was sitting <em class=\"im_emphasis\">on pins and needles<\/em> <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">I was so nervous<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Restatement or synonym clues.<\/strong> An idiom may be simplified or restated. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> The young girl felt as though she had been <em class=\"im_emphasis\">sent to the dog house<\/em> when her mother <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">punished her<\/strong> for fighting in school.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Contrast or Antonym clues.<\/strong> An idiom may be clarified by a contrasting phrase or antonym that is near it. <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">Sentence:<\/strong> Chynna thought the 5k marathon would be <em class=\"im_emphasis\">a piece of cake<\/em>, <em class=\"im_emphasis im_bolditalic\">but<\/em> <strong class=\"im_emphasis im_bold\">it turned out to be very difficult<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pay attention to the signal word <em class=\"im_emphasis\">but<\/em>, which tells the reader that an opposite thought or concept is occurring.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fresh-ch05_s08_s02_n01\" class=\"im_key_takeaways im_editable im_block\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<section id=\"glossary\">\n<h3>Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Informal language is not appropriate in formal writing or speaking contexts.<\/li>\n<li>Slang and idioms might not make logical sense to nonnative speakers of English.<\/li>\n<li>It is good to be aware of slang and idioms so they do not appear in your formal writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-242\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Successful Writing. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Anonymous. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/\">http:\/\/2012books.lardbucket.org\/books\/successful-writing\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":277,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Successful 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