Chapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Properties of Life<\/li>\r\n \t
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\r\n \t
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Taxonomy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Atoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- Isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\r\n \t
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\r\n \t
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Lipids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Protein Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Cell Theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\r\n \t
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\r\n \t
- Passive Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Active Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Endocytosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
![\"an](\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2025\/2017\/07\/01212659\/binoculars2.png\")
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Atoms<\/li>\r\n \t
- Isotopes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\r\n \t
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\r\n \t
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\r\n \t
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\r\n \t
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Lipids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Protein Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Cell Theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\r\n \t
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\r\n \t
- Passive Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Active Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Endocytosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\r\n \t
- Lipids<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Protein Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Cell Theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\r\n \t
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\r\n \t
- Passive Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Active Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Endocytosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Cell Theory<\/li>\r\n \t
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\r\n \t
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\r\n \t
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\r\n \t
- Passive Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Active Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Endocytosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\r\n \t
- Passive Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Active Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\r\n \t
- Endocytosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Exocytosis<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\r\n \t
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n \t
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Energy<\/li>\r\n \t
- Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\r\n \t
- Glycolysis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\r\n \t
- Interphase<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis I<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis II<\/li>\r\n \t
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\r\n \t
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\r\n \t
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\r\n \t
- Karyotypes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Common Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Structure of DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\r\n \t
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\r\n \t
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Code<\/li>\r\n \t
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\r\n \t
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\r\n \t
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\r\n \t
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Expression of Genes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\r\n \t
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\r\n \t
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Heredity<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\r\n \t
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\r\n \t
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\r\n \t
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\r\n \t
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Natural Selection<\/li>\r\n \t
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\r\n \t
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\r\n \t
- Population Genetics<\/li>\r\n \t
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\r\n \t
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n \t
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n \t- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\r\n \t
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\r\n \t
- Cloning<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\r\n \t
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\r\n \t
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\r\n \t
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n\n- Properties of Life<\/li>\n
- Levels of Organization of Living Things<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- The Diversity of Life<\/li>\n
- Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Taxonomy<\/li>\n
- Branches of Biology<\/li>\n
- The Nature of Science<\/li>\n
- Scientific Inquiry<\/li>\n
- Basic and Applied Science<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n\n- Atoms<\/li>\n
- Isotopes<\/li>\n
- Arrangement of Electrons<\/li>\n
- Chemical Bonding<\/li>\n
- Iconic Bonds<\/li>\n
- Covalent Bonds<\/li>\n
- Hydrogen Bonds<\/li>\n
- van der Waals Interactions<\/li>\n
- Why Life Depends on Water<\/li>\n
- Buffers, pH, Acids and Bases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Carbon and Carbon Bonding<\/li>\n
- Structure and Function of Carbohydrates<\/li>\n
- Lipids<\/li>\n
- Proteins<\/li>\n
- Protein Structure<\/li>\n
- Function of Proteins<\/li>\n
- Structure of Nucleic Acids<\/li>\n
- DNA and RNA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Cell Theory<\/li>\n
- Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Origins<\/li>\n
- Plant Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Animal Cell Structure<\/li>\n
- Cytoplasm<\/li>\n
- The Plasma Membrane, Cytoskeleton, and Flagella and Cilia<\/li>\n
- The Endomembrane System<\/li>\n
- Vesicles, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, and Peroxisomes<\/li>\n
- Animal Cells versus Plant Cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of the Cell Membrane<\/li>\n
- Passive Transport<\/li>\n
- Active Transport<\/li>\n
- Membranes and Transport<\/li>\n
- Endocytosis<\/li>\n
- Exocytosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- ATP in Living Systems<\/li>\n
- An Overview of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- The Calvin Cycle<\/li>\n
- Summary: Photosynthesis<\/li>\n
- Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n
- Thermodynamics<\/li>\n
- Energy<\/li>\n
- Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Summary: Energy and Metabolism<\/li>\n
- Glycolysis<\/li>\n
- Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation<\/li>\n
- Cellular Respiration<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Types of Fermentation<\/li>\n
- Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- DNA and Chromosomes<\/li>\n
- Chromosome Structure<\/li>\n
- Interphase<\/li>\n
- Mitosis<\/li>\n
- Cytokinesis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Control of the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/li>\n
- Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Stages of Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Meiosis I<\/li>\n
- Meiosis II<\/li>\n
- Meiosis: The Complete Cycle<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation in Meiosis<\/li>\n
- Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction<\/li>\n
- Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number<\/li>\n
- Karyotypes<\/li>\n
- Common Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Structure of DNA<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Basics of DNA Replication<\/li>\n
- Major Enzymes<\/li>\n
- Proofreading DNA<\/li>\n
- Viral Morphology<\/li>\n
- Bacteriophage Reproductive Cycles<\/li>\n
- Prions and Viroids<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Steps of Transcription<\/li>\n
- pre-RNA and mRNA<\/li>\n
- Requirements for Translation<\/li>\n
- Genetic Code<\/li>\n
- Steps of Translation<\/li>\n
- The Central Dogma<\/li>\n
- What is a Mutation?<\/li>\n
- Major Types of Mutations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Expression of Genes<\/li>\n
- Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation<\/li>\n
- Post-Translational Control of Gene Expression<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Mendel\u2019s Experiments and Heredity<\/li>\n
- Characteristics and Traits<\/li>\n
- Laws of Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Heredity<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Inheritance<\/li>\n
- Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares<\/li>\n
- Multiple Alleles<\/li>\n
- Pedigrees and Disease<\/li>\n
- Pedigree Flowchart<\/li>\n
- Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees<\/li>\n
- Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects<\/li>\n
- Effect of the Environment<\/li>\n
- Pleiotropy and Human Disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Darwin and Descent with Modification<\/li>\n
- Darwin and the Theory of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Natural Selection<\/li>\n
- Physical Evidence<\/li>\n
- Biological Evidence<\/li>\n
- Misconceptions of Evolution<\/li>\n
- Population Genetics<\/li>\n
- Selective and Environmental Pressures<\/li>\n
- Genetic Variation and Drift<\/li>\n
- Scientific Classification<\/li>\n
- Structure of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n
- Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- Manipulating Genetic Material<\/li>\n
- DNA Sequencing<\/li>\n
- Cloning<\/li>\n
- Genetic Engineering<\/li>\n
- Medicinal Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Agricultural Biotechnology<\/li>\n
- Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge<\/li>\n
- Genetic Information Used for Identification<\/li>\n
- Medical Uses of Genetic Information<\/li>\n
- Genomics in Agriculture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t CC licensed content, Original<\/div>- Course Contents at a Glance. Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>
- Binoculars Icon. Authored by<\/strong>: Musmellow. Provided by<\/strong>: Noun Project. Located at<\/strong>: https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056<\/a>. License<\/strong>: CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":17534,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Binoculars Icon\",\"author\":\"Musmellow\",\"organization\":\"Noun Project\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/thenounproject.com\/search\/?q=binoculars&i=1234056\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Course Contents at a Glance\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5451","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":5447,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5528,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/revisions\/5528"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/5447"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5451\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5451"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/hccs-waymakerbiology1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/p>\n
The following list shows the chapter-level topics and assignments for the course. To see all of the course pages, visit the\u00a0Table of Contents<\/a>.<\/p>\nChapter\u00a01: Introduction to Biology<\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter\u00a02: Chemistry of Life<\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 3: Important Macromolecules<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 4: Cellular Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 5: Cell Membranes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 6: Metabolic Pathways<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 7: Cell Division<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 8: DNA Structure and Replication<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 9: DNA Transcription and Translation<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 10: Gene Expression<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 11: Trait Inheritance<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 12: Theory of Evolution<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Chapter 13: Modern Biology<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n
Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t