Key Concepts

• The null hypothesis is a statement of no change or status quo.
• Symbols used for the null hypothesis are =, ≤ and ≥.
• The alternative hypothesis is sometimes referred to as the research hypothesis; it is what the researcher believes to be true based on the data to be collected.
• Symbols used for the alternative hypothesis are ≠, > and <.

Glossary

Hypothesis: a statement about the value of a population parameter. In the case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation $H_0$) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation $H_a$).

Hypothesis Testing: Based on sample evidence, a procedure for determining whether the hypothesis stated is a reasonable statement and should not be rejected or is unreasonable and should be rejected.