{"id":2258,"date":"2021-10-08T16:41:41","date_gmt":"2021-10-08T16:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=2258"},"modified":"2023-12-05T09:32:40","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T09:32:40","slug":"summary-null-and-alternative-hypotheses","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/chapter\/summary-null-and-alternative-hypotheses\/","title":{"raw":"Summary: Null and Alternative Hypotheses","rendered":"Summary: Null and Alternative Hypotheses"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Key Concepts<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The null hypothesis is a statement of no change or status quo.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Symbols used for the null hypothesis are =, \u2264 and \u2265.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The alternative hypothesis is sometimes referred to as the research hypothesis; it is what the researcher believes to be true based on the data to be collected.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Symbols used for the alternative hypothesis are \u2260, &gt; and &lt;.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Hypothesis:\u00a0<\/strong>a statement about the value of a population parameter. In the case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation [latex]H_0[\/latex]) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation [latex]H_a[\/latex]).\r\n\r\n<strong>Hypothesis Testing:\u00a0<\/strong>Based on sample evidence, a procedure for determining whether the hypothesis stated is a reasonable statement and should not be rejected or is unreasonable and should be rejected.","rendered":"<h2>Key Concepts<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The null hypothesis is a statement of no change or status quo.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Symbols used for the null hypothesis are =, \u2264 and \u2265.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The alternative hypothesis is sometimes referred to as the research hypothesis; it is what the researcher believes to be true based on the data to be collected.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Symbols used for the alternative hypothesis are \u2260, &gt; and &lt;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Hypothesis:\u00a0<\/strong>a statement about the value of a population parameter. In the case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation [latex]H_0[\/latex]) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation [latex]H_a[\/latex]).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hypothesis Testing:\u00a0<\/strong>Based on sample evidence, a procedure for determining whether the hypothesis stated is a reasonable statement and should not be rejected or is unreasonable and should be rejected.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-2258\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introductory Statistics. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/9-key-terms\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/9-key-terms<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":169134,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Introductory Statistics\",\"author\":\"Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/9-key-terms\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2258","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":276,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/169134"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3870,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2258\/revisions\/3870"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/276"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2258\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2258"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2258"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}