{"id":657,"date":"2021-08-13T15:26:26","date_gmt":"2021-08-13T15:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=657"},"modified":"2023-12-05T08:52:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T08:52:54","slug":"histograms-frequency-polygons-and-time-series-graphs-3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/chapter\/histograms-frequency-polygons-and-time-series-graphs-3\/","title":{"raw":"Constructing A Time Series Graph","rendered":"Constructing A Time Series Graph"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\r\n<ul id=\"list123523\">\r\n \t<li>Construct a time series graph<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nTo construct a <strong>time series graph<\/strong>, we must look at both pieces of our <strong>paired data set<\/strong>. We start with a standard Cartesian coordinate system. The horizontal axis is used to plot the date or time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that we are measuring. By doing this, we make each point on the graph correspond to a date and a measured quantity. The points on the graph are typically connected by straight lines in the order in which they occur.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp7658080\" class=\"example\" data-type=\"example\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp4161680\" class=\"exercise\" data-type=\"exercise\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm51003184\" class=\"problem\" data-type=\"problem\">\r\n\r\nThe following data shows the Annual Consumer Price Index, each month, for ten years. Construct a time series graph for the Annual Consumer Price Index data only.\r\n<table id=\"fs-idp49086512\" summary=\"\"><colgroup> <col data-align=\"center\" \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<th>Year<\/th>\r\n<th>Jan<\/th>\r\n<th>Feb<\/th>\r\n<th>Mar<\/th>\r\n<th>Apr<\/th>\r\n<th>May<\/th>\r\n<th>Jun<\/th>\r\n<th>Jul<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2003<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]181.7[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]183.1[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]184.2[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]183.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]183.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]183.7[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]183.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2004<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]185.2[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]186.2[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]187.4[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]188.0[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]189.1[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]189.7[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]189.4[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2005<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]190.7[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]191.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]193.3[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]194.6[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]194.4[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]194.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]195.4[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2006<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]198.3[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]198.7[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]199.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]201.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]202.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]202.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]203.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2007<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]202.416[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]203.499[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]205.352[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]206.686[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]207.949[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]208.352[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]208.299[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2008<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]211.080[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]211.693[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]213.528[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]214.823[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.632[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.815[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]219.964[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2009<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]211.143[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]212.193[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]212.709[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]213.240[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]213.856[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.693[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.351[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2010<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.687[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.741[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]217.631[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.009[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.178[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]217.965[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.011[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]220.223[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]221.309[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]223.467[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]224.906[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]225.964[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]225.722[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]225.922[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2012<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]226.665[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]227.663[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.392[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]230.085[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.815[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.478[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.104[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table id=\"fs-idm48042992\" summary=\"\"><colgroup> <col data-align=\"center\" \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/> <col \/><\/colgroup>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Year<\/th>\r\n<th>Aug<\/th>\r\n<th>Sep<\/th>\r\n<th>Oct<\/th>\r\n<th>Nov<\/th>\r\n<th>Dec<\/th>\r\n<th>Annual<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2003<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]184.6[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]185.2[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]185.0[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]184.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]184.3[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]184.0[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2004<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]189.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]189.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]190.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]191.0[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]190.3[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]188.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2005<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]196.4[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]198.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]199.2[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]197.6[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]196.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]195.3[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2006<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]203.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]202.9[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]201.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]201.5[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]201.8[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]201.6[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2007<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]207.917[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]208.490[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]208.936[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]210.177[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]210.036[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]207.342[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2008<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]219.086[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.783[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.573[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]212.425[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]210.228[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.303[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2009<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.834[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.969[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.177[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]216.330[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]215.949[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]214.537[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2010<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.312[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.439[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.711[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.803[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]219.179[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]218.056[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2011<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]226.545[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]226.889[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]226.421[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]226.230[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]225.672[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]224.939[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2012<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]230.379[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]231.407[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]231.317[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]230.221[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.601[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]229.594[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"283400\"]Show Solution[\/reveal-answer]\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"283400\"]\r\n\r\n<center><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1923\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/132\/2016\/04\/21113533\/618b7e70623b342d3cd528c45b9972a816b698d2-300x116.jpg\" alt=\"This is the time series graph that matches the supplied data. The x-axis shows years from 2003 to 2012, and the y-axis shows the annual CPI\" width=\"409\" height=\"158\" \/><\/center>\r\n[\/hidden-answer]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm11029344\" class=\"note statistics try ui-has-child-title\" data-type=\"note\" data-has-label=\"true\" data-label=\"\"><header>\r\n<div class=\"title\" data-label-parent=\"\" data-type=\"title\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\r\n<header>\r\n<div class=\"title\" data-label-parent=\"\" data-type=\"title\"><\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div id=\"fs-idm10087584\" class=\"exercise\" data-type=\"exercise\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp2285280\" class=\"problem\" data-type=\"problem\">\r\n\r\nThe following table is a portion of a data set from www.worldbank.org. Use the table to construct a time series graph for CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions for the United States.\r\n<table id=\"fs-idp17543168\" summary=\"\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"4\">CO2 Emissions<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th><\/th>\r\n<th>Ukraine<\/th>\r\n<th>United Kingdom<\/th>\r\n<th>United States<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2003<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]352,259[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]540,640[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,681,664[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2004<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]343,121[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]540,409[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,790,761[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2005<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]339,029[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]541,990[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,826,394[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2006<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]327,797[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]542,045[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,737,615[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2007<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]328,357[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]528,631[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,828,697[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2008<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]323,657[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]522,247[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,656,839[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2009<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]272,176[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]474,579[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td>[latex]5,299,563[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Uses of a Time Series Graph<\/h2>\r\nTime series graphs are important tools in various applications of statistics. When recording values of the same variable over an extended period of time, sometimes it is difficult to discern any trend or pattern. However, once the same data points are displayed graphically, some features jump out. Time series graphs make trends easy to spot.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Outcomes<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"list123523\">\n<li>Construct a time series graph<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>To construct a <strong>time series graph<\/strong>, we must look at both pieces of our <strong>paired data set<\/strong>. We start with a standard Cartesian coordinate system. The horizontal axis is used to plot the date or time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that we are measuring. By doing this, we make each point on the graph correspond to a date and a measured quantity. The points on the graph are typically connected by straight lines in the order in which they occur.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Example<\/h3>\n<div id=\"fs-idp7658080\" class=\"example\" data-type=\"example\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp4161680\" class=\"exercise\" data-type=\"exercise\">\n<div id=\"fs-idm51003184\" class=\"problem\" data-type=\"problem\">\n<p>The following data shows the Annual Consumer Price Index, each month, for ten years. Construct a time series graph for the Annual Consumer Price Index data only.<\/p>\n<table id=\"fs-idp49086512\" summary=\"\">\n<colgroup>\n<col data-align=\"center\" \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<th>Year<\/th>\n<th>Jan<\/th>\n<th>Feb<\/th>\n<th>Mar<\/th>\n<th>Apr<\/th>\n<th>May<\/th>\n<th>Jun<\/th>\n<th>Jul<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2003<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]181.7[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]183.1[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]184.2[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]183.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]183.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]183.7[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]183.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2004<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]185.2[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]186.2[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]187.4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]188.0[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]189.1[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]189.7[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]189.4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]190.7[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]191.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]193.3[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]194.6[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]194.4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]194.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]195.4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2006<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]198.3[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]198.7[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]199.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]201.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]202.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]202.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]203.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2007<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]202.416[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]203.499[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]205.352[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]206.686[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]207.949[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]208.352[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]208.299[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2008<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]211.080[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]211.693[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]213.528[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]214.823[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.632[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.815[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]219.964[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2009<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]211.143[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]212.193[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]212.709[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]213.240[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]213.856[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.693[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.351[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2010<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.687[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.741[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]217.631[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.009[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.178[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]217.965[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.011[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2011<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]220.223[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]221.309[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]223.467[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]224.906[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]225.964[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]225.722[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]225.922[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]226.665[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]227.663[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.392[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]230.085[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.815[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.478[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.104[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table id=\"fs-idm48042992\" summary=\"\">\n<colgroup>\n<col data-align=\"center\" \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/>\n<col \/><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Year<\/th>\n<th>Aug<\/th>\n<th>Sep<\/th>\n<th>Oct<\/th>\n<th>Nov<\/th>\n<th>Dec<\/th>\n<th>Annual<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2003<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]184.6[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]185.2[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]185.0[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]184.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]184.3[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]184.0[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2004<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]189.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]189.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]190.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]191.0[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]190.3[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]188.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]196.4[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]198.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]199.2[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]197.6[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]196.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]195.3[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2006<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]203.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]202.9[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]201.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]201.5[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]201.8[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]201.6[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2007<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]207.917[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]208.490[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]208.936[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]210.177[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]210.036[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]207.342[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2008<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]219.086[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.783[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.573[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]212.425[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]210.228[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.303[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2009<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.834[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.969[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.177[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]216.330[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]215.949[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]214.537[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2010<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.312[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.439[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.711[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.803[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]219.179[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]218.056[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2011<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]226.545[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]226.889[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]226.421[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]226.230[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]225.672[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]224.939[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong data-effect=\"bold\">2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>[latex]230.379[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]231.407[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]231.317[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]230.221[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.601[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]229.594[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><span class=\"show-answer collapsed\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" data-target=\"q283400\">Show Solution<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"q283400\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1923\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/132\/2016\/04\/21113533\/618b7e70623b342d3cd528c45b9972a816b698d2-300x116.jpg\" alt=\"This is the time series graph that matches the supplied data. The x-axis shows years from 2003 to 2012, and the y-axis shows the annual CPI\" width=\"409\" height=\"158\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"fs-idm11029344\" class=\"note statistics try ui-has-child-title\" data-type=\"note\" data-has-label=\"true\" data-label=\"\">\n<header>\n<div class=\"title\" data-label-parent=\"\" data-type=\"title\">\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Try It<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<header>\n<div class=\"title\" data-label-parent=\"\" data-type=\"title\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div id=\"fs-idm10087584\" class=\"exercise\" data-type=\"exercise\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp2285280\" class=\"problem\" data-type=\"problem\">\n<p>The following table is a portion of a data set from www.worldbank.org. Use the table to construct a time series graph for CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions for the United States.<\/p>\n<table id=\"fs-idp17543168\" summary=\"\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"4\">CO2 Emissions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Ukraine<\/th>\n<th>United Kingdom<\/th>\n<th>United States<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>[latex]352,259[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]540,640[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,681,664[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2004<\/td>\n<td>[latex]343,121[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]540,409[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,790,761[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2005<\/td>\n<td>[latex]339,029[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]541,990[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,826,394[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td>[latex]327,797[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]542,045[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,737,615[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2007<\/td>\n<td>[latex]328,357[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]528,631[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,828,697[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2008<\/td>\n<td>[latex]323,657[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]522,247[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,656,839[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2009<\/td>\n<td>[latex]272,176[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]474,579[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td>[latex]5,299,563[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-type=\"title\">Uses of a Time Series Graph<\/h2>\n<p>Time series graphs are important tools in various applications of statistics. When recording values of the same variable over an extended period of time, sometimes it is difficult to discern any trend or pattern. However, once the same data points are displayed graphically, some features jump out. Time series graphs make trends easy to spot.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-657\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>OpenStax, Statistics, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Time Series Graphs. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/2-2-histograms-frequency-polygons-and-time-series-graphs\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/2-2-histograms-frequency-polygons-and-time-series-graphs<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><li>Introductory Statistics. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Open Stax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":169134,"menu_order":16,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"OpenStax, Statistics, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Time Series Graphs\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/2-2-histograms-frequency-polygons-and-time-series-graphs\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Introductory Statistics\",\"author\":\"Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean\",\"organization\":\"Open Stax\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-657","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":31,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/169134"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3370,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/revisions\/3370"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/31"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}