{"id":705,"date":"2021-08-13T17:52:52","date_gmt":"2021-08-13T17:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=705"},"modified":"2023-12-05T08:41:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T08:41:16","slug":"summary-frequency-frequency-tables-and-levels-of-measurement","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/chapter\/summary-frequency-frequency-tables-and-levels-of-measurement\/","title":{"raw":"Summary: Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement","rendered":"Summary: Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Key Concepts<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The levels of measurement for data are (from lowest to highest): nominal (categorical), ordinal, interval, and ratio.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Frequency tables group data by how often particular data values occur. The frequency tables can include relative frequencies and cumulative relative frequencies to help draw conclusions about a distribution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<strong>cumulative relative frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>an ordered set of observations from smallest to largest. The cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative frequencies for all values that are less than or equal to the given value.\r\n\r\n<strong>frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>the number of times a value of the data occurs\r\n\r\n<strong>interval data:<\/strong>\u00a0numerical, and allows comparisons by subtracting values. For example, 10 degrees difference in temperatures would be an interval comparison.\r\n\r\n<strong>levels of measurement:\u00a0<\/strong>the way a set of data is measured. The four levels of measurement are nominal (categorical), ordinal, interval, and ratio.\r\n\r\n<strong>nominal scale<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0qualitative data that includes categories. For example, colors, names, labels, and favorite foods along with yes or no responses would be nominal.\r\n\r\n<strong>ordinal data:<\/strong>\u00a0like categorical data, but has a specific order. For example, Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor would be ordinal.\r\n\r\n<strong>ratio data:<\/strong>\u00a0numerical, allows for comparisons in ratios. For example, twice as tall would mean heights are ratio data.\r\n\r\n<strong>relative frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>the ratio of the number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all outcomes to the number of all outcomes to the total number of outcomes","rendered":"<h2>Key Concepts<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">The levels of measurement for data are (from lowest to highest): nominal (categorical), ordinal, interval, and ratio.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Frequency tables group data by how often particular data values occur. The frequency tables can include relative frequencies and cumulative relative frequencies to help draw conclusions about a distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\n<p><strong>cumulative relative frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>an ordered set of observations from smallest to largest. The cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative frequencies for all values that are less than or equal to the given value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>the number of times a value of the data occurs<\/p>\n<p><strong>interval data:<\/strong>\u00a0numerical, and allows comparisons by subtracting values. For example, 10 degrees difference in temperatures would be an interval comparison.<\/p>\n<p><strong>levels of measurement:\u00a0<\/strong>the way a set of data is measured. The four levels of measurement are nominal (categorical), ordinal, interval, and ratio.<\/p>\n<p><strong>nominal scale<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0qualitative data that includes categories. For example, colors, names, labels, and favorite foods along with yes or no responses would be nominal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ordinal data:<\/strong>\u00a0like categorical data, but has a specific order. For example, Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor would be ordinal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ratio data:<\/strong>\u00a0numerical, allows for comparisons in ratios. For example, twice as tall would mean heights are ratio data.<\/p>\n<p><strong>relative frequency:\u00a0<\/strong>the ratio of the number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all outcomes to the number of all outcomes to the total number of outcomes<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-705\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li><strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introductory Statistics. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: OpenStax. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-key-terms\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-key-terms<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em>. <strong>License Terms<\/strong>: Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":169134,"menu_order":19,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Introductory Statistics\",\"author\":\"Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean\",\"organization\":\"OpenStax\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-key-terms\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Access for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/introductory-statistics\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","CANDELA_OUTCOMES_GUID":"","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-705","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":23,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/169134"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3355,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/705\/revisions\/3355"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/23"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/705\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=705"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=705"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/introstatscorequisite\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}