{"id":1260,"date":"2020-03-13T17:19:29","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T17:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/irsc-english\/chapter\/text-rhetorical-context-2\/"},"modified":"2020-03-13T18:12:38","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T18:12:38","slug":"text-rhetorical-context-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/irsc-english\/chapter\/text-rhetorical-context-2\/","title":{"raw":"Rhetorical Context","rendered":"Rhetorical Context"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify rhetorical context of a text (purpose, author, audience)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>What is Rhetoric?<\/h2>\r\nThe definition of <strong>rhetoric<\/strong> commonly used is \u201cthe art of persuasion,\" although it also has a larger meaning that includes the way we communicate\u2014specifically the words, language, and techniques used to convey a persuasive message. For example, the rhetoric you use to send an email to a friend is different than the rhetoric you use to compose an essay for your class.\r\n\r\nRhetoric is about strategic choices and approaches to communication whether textually, verbally, or even aurally and visually. When we communicate to different types of audiences about the same topic, we make strategic decisions on what details to include or omit, what types of evidence or support to use, and so on.\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3>Think It Over<\/h3>\r\nFor example: let\u2019s imagine that you spent a little bit of\u00a0time last weekend\u00a0studying\u00a0but mostly party-hopping and celebrating because your school\u2019s football team won the championship.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>When you speak to your\u00a0<strong>best friend<\/strong>\u00a0about your weekend, you are likely to provide details about\u00a0how many parties you went to and what exactly you did at the parties, including gossip about mutual friends.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When you speak to\u00a0<strong>your grandmother<\/strong>\u00a0about that same weekend, you might mention your study group meeting on Sunday afternoon, the take-out dinner you had on Friday night, and perhaps briefly mention that you celebrated the team\u2019s win with friends.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When you speak to\u00a0<strong>your supervisor<\/strong>\u00a0at your on-campus job, you are likely to discuss the big football win (Go Team!), your looming exam schedule and how your study and exam schedule will impact your availability to work for the rest of the term.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\r\nClick on the video below to learn more about rhetoric and why it is important to your writing.\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=399\" width=\"694\" height=\"452\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Rhetorical Context<\/h2>\r\nAll versions are accurate representations of your weekend, but you make strategic choices about which details to include or not include based on the particular\u00a0rhetorical situation\u00a0of your discussion.\u00a0<strong>Rhetorical context<\/strong> refers to the circumstances surrounding an act of reading and\/or composition. That is, how and what you communicate is shaped by:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The writer, author, creator, also known as the\u00a0rhetor<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The\u00a0audience, including primary, secondary, and tertiary audiences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The\u00a0topic\u00a0of the communication<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The\u00a0purpose, which often can be broken into a primary, secondary, and tertiary purpose<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The\u00a0context\u00a0and\u00a0culture\u00a0within which the communication is taking place.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe context and culture impact the rest of the rhetorical situation (rhetor, audience, topic, purpose).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_382\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-382\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2097\/2017\/07\/06200558\/rhetoricalcontexts-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"Rhetorical context: author, purpose, topic, audience, occasion\" width=\"500\" height=\"346\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Understanding the rhetorical context of any given communication includes being aware of the author, their purpose, the topic, the audience, and the occasion, or setting.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nKeep in mind that anytime anyone is trying to make an argument, they are doing so out of a particular context. And that context influences and shapes the argument that is made. Let's take a closer look at each of the components of the rhetorical context:\r\n<h3>Author<\/h3>\r\nHere the \u201cauthor\u201d of a text is the creator, the person utilizing communication to try to\u00a0effect a change in their audience. An author doesn\u2019t have to be a single person, or a person at all\u00a0\u2013 an author\u00a0could be an organization. To understand the rhetorical situation of a text, one must examine the identity of the author and their background.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What kind of experience does the author have\u00a0in the subject?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What values does the author have, either in general or with regard to this particular subject?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How invested is the author in the topic of the text? In other words, what affects the author\u2019s perspective on the topic?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Audience<\/h3>\r\nThe audience is any person or group who is the intended recipient of the text, and also the person\/people the text is trying to influence. To understand the rhetorical situation of a text, one must\u00a0 examine who the intended audience is by thinking about these things:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>what is the audience\u2019s demographic information (age, gender, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>what is\/are the background, values, interests of the intended audience?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>how open is this intended audience to the author?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>what assumptions might the audience make about the author?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>in what context is the audience receiving the text?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Topic<\/h3>\r\nThis is simply the topic, or subject matter, covered in the reading. What is it about? What information is presented? And in what format or medium is the argument being made: image? written essay? speech? song? protest sign? meme? sculpture?\r\n<h3>Purposes<\/h3>\r\nWhat is the author hoping to achieve with the communication of this text? What do they want from their audience? What does the audience want from the text and what may they do once the text is communicated? Both author and audience can have purpose and it\u2019s important to understand what those might be in the rhetorical situation of the text you are examining. An author may be trying to inform, to convince, to define, to announce, or to activate, while an audience\u2019s purpose may be to receive notice, to quantify, to feel a sense of unity, to disprove, to understand, or to criticize. Any and all of these purposes determine the \u2018why\u2019 behind the decisions both groups make.\r\n<h3>Occasion<\/h3>\r\nNothing happens in a vacuum, and that includes the text you are trying to understand. The occasion, also known as the setting or situation, describe the circumstances of the text. It was written in a specific time, context, and\/or place, all of which can affect the way the text communicates its message.\r\n\r\nTo understand the rhetorical situation of a text, examine the setting of both audience and author and ask yourself if there was a particular occasion or event that prompted the particular text at\u00a0the particular time it was written.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Rhetorical Context<\/h3>\r\nWe're used to the idea of learning things from what we read. It's important to realize that we can learn a bit by looking at factors that are <em>outside<\/em> of a text, as well. Click through this presentation to review the importance of rhetorical context.\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/author-audience-purpose-rhetorical-context\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify rhetorical context of a text (purpose, author, audience)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What is Rhetoric?<\/h2>\n<p>The definition of <strong>rhetoric<\/strong> commonly used is \u201cthe art of persuasion,&#8221; although it also has a larger meaning that includes the way we communicate\u2014specifically the words, language, and techniques used to convey a persuasive message. For example, the rhetoric you use to send an email to a friend is different than the rhetoric you use to compose an essay for your class.<\/p>\n<p>Rhetoric is about strategic choices and approaches to communication whether textually, verbally, or even aurally and visually. When we communicate to different types of audiences about the same topic, we make strategic decisions on what details to include or omit, what types of evidence or support to use, and so on.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3>Think It Over<\/h3>\n<p>For example: let\u2019s imagine that you spent a little bit of\u00a0time last weekend\u00a0studying\u00a0but mostly party-hopping and celebrating because your school\u2019s football team won the championship.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you speak to your\u00a0<strong>best friend<\/strong>\u00a0about your weekend, you are likely to provide details about\u00a0how many parties you went to and what exactly you did at the parties, including gossip about mutual friends.<\/li>\n<li>When you speak to\u00a0<strong>your grandmother<\/strong>\u00a0about that same weekend, you might mention your study group meeting on Sunday afternoon, the take-out dinner you had on Friday night, and perhaps briefly mention that you celebrated the team\u2019s win with friends.<\/li>\n<li>When you speak to\u00a0<strong>your supervisor<\/strong>\u00a0at your on-campus job, you are likely to discuss the big football win (Go Team!), your looming exam schedule and how your study and exam schedule will impact your availability to work for the rest of the term.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Watch It<\/h3>\n<p>Click on the video below to learn more about rhetoric and why it is important to your writing.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=399\" width=\"694\" height=\"452\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><script src=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/h5p\/h5p-php-library\/js\/h5p-resizer.js\" charset=\"UTF-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Rhetorical Context<\/h2>\n<p>All versions are accurate representations of your weekend, but you make strategic choices about which details to include or not include based on the particular\u00a0rhetorical situation\u00a0of your discussion.\u00a0<strong>Rhetorical context<\/strong> refers to the circumstances surrounding an act of reading and\/or composition. That is, how and what you communicate is shaped by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The writer, author, creator, also known as the\u00a0rhetor<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0audience, including primary, secondary, and tertiary audiences<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0topic\u00a0of the communication<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0purpose, which often can be broken into a primary, secondary, and tertiary purpose<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0context\u00a0and\u00a0culture\u00a0within which the communication is taking place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The context and culture impact the rest of the rhetorical situation (rhetor, audience, topic, purpose).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_382\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-382\" class=\"wp-image-382\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2097\/2017\/07\/06200558\/rhetoricalcontexts-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"Rhetorical context: author, purpose, topic, audience, occasion\" width=\"500\" height=\"346\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-382\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Understanding the rhetorical context of any given communication includes being aware of the author, their purpose, the topic, the audience, and the occasion, or setting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Keep in mind that anytime anyone is trying to make an argument, they are doing so out of a particular context. And that context influences and shapes the argument that is made. Let&#8217;s take a closer look at each of the components of the rhetorical context:<\/p>\n<h3>Author<\/h3>\n<p>Here the \u201cauthor\u201d of a text is the creator, the person utilizing communication to try to\u00a0effect a change in their audience. An author doesn\u2019t have to be a single person, or a person at all\u00a0\u2013 an author\u00a0could be an organization. To understand the rhetorical situation of a text, one must examine the identity of the author and their background.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What kind of experience does the author have\u00a0in the subject?<\/li>\n<li>What values does the author have, either in general or with regard to this particular subject?<\/li>\n<li>How invested is the author in the topic of the text? In other words, what affects the author\u2019s perspective on the topic?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Audience<\/h3>\n<p>The audience is any person or group who is the intended recipient of the text, and also the person\/people the text is trying to influence. To understand the rhetorical situation of a text, one must\u00a0 examine who the intended audience is by thinking about these things:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>what is the audience\u2019s demographic information (age, gender, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>what is\/are the background, values, interests of the intended audience?<\/li>\n<li>how open is this intended audience to the author?<\/li>\n<li>what assumptions might the audience make about the author?<\/li>\n<li>in what context is the audience receiving the text?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Topic<\/h3>\n<p>This is simply the topic, or subject matter, covered in the reading. What is it about? What information is presented? And in what format or medium is the argument being made: image? written essay? speech? song? protest sign? meme? sculpture?<\/p>\n<h3>Purposes<\/h3>\n<p>What is the author hoping to achieve with the communication of this text? What do they want from their audience? What does the audience want from the text and what may they do once the text is communicated? Both author and audience can have purpose and it\u2019s important to understand what those might be in the rhetorical situation of the text you are examining. An author may be trying to inform, to convince, to define, to announce, or to activate, while an audience\u2019s purpose may be to receive notice, to quantify, to feel a sense of unity, to disprove, to understand, or to criticize. Any and all of these purposes determine the \u2018why\u2019 behind the decisions both groups make.<\/p>\n<h3>Occasion<\/h3>\n<p>Nothing happens in a vacuum, and that includes the text you are trying to understand. The occasion, also known as the setting or situation, describe the circumstances of the text. It was written in a specific time, context, and\/or place, all of which can affect the way the text communicates its message.<\/p>\n<p>To understand the rhetorical situation of a text, examine the setting of both audience and author and ask yourself if there was a particular occasion or event that prompted the particular text at\u00a0the particular time it was written.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Rhetorical Context<\/h3>\n<p>We&#8217;re used to the idea of learning things from what we read. It&#8217;s important to realize that we can learn a bit by looking at factors that are <em>outside<\/em> of a text, as well. Click through this presentation to review the importance of rhetorical context.<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/author-audience-purpose-rhetorical-context<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t <section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n\t\t\t <h3>Candela Citations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <div id=\"citation-list-1260\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <div class=\"licensing\"><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Original<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Introductory Text: Rhetorical Context. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Modification, adaptation, and original content. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Lumen Learning. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div><ul class=\"citation-list\"><li>Author, Audience, Purpose. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Alexis McMillan-Clifton. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Tacoma Community College. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/author-audience-purpose-rhetorical-context\">http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/author-audience-purpose-rhetorical-context<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Rhetorical Context. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Karen Forgette. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: University of Mississippi. <strong>Project<\/strong>: PLATO Project. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>What is rhetoric?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Lynn Hall &amp; Leah Wahlin. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Ohio State. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/engrtechcomm\/chapter\/what-is-rhetoric\/\">https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/engrtechcomm\/chapter\/what-is-rhetoric\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: A Guide to Technical Communications: Strategies &amp; Applications. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>What is Rhetoric?. <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Melanie Gagich. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csu-fyw-rhetoric\/chapter\/6-1-what-is-rhetoric\/\">https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/csu-fyw-rhetoric\/chapter\/6-1-what-is-rhetoric\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing . <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Assignment Analysis, What is Rhetoric Video. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: Excelsior OWL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/assignment-analysis\/\">https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/research\/assignment-analysis\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><li>Rhetorical Situation: The Context . <strong>Authored by<\/strong>: Robin Jeffrey, Emilie Zickel. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eng-102\/chapter\/rhetorical-concepts\/\">https:\/\/pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu\/eng-102\/chapter\/rhetorical-concepts\/<\/a>. <strong>Project<\/strong>: English 102. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY: Attribution<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t <\/div>\n\t\t\t <\/section>","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Author, Audience, Purpose\",\"author\":\"Alexis McMillan-Clifton\",\"organization\":\"Tacoma Community College\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/CandelaContent\/author-audience-purpose-rhetorical-context\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Introductory Text: 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