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| Skill or Concept: I can . . . | Questions to check your understanding | Rating from 1 to 5 |
| Define sample vs. population. | 1, 2 | |
| Identify the different sampling methods. | 3–7 |
Glossary
- population
- the group of individuals or entities that our research question pertains to.
- parameter
- a numerical summary measure that summarizes that population.
- sample
- a group of individuals or entities on which we collect data.
- statistic
- a numerical summary measure of a sample.
- undercoverage
- when some groups of the population are left out of the sampling process and the individuals in these groups do not have an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
- non-response bias
- when an individual chosen for a sample cannot be contacted or decides to not participate in the study or research. This type of bias occurs after the sample has been selected and can create potential bias in the data collected.
- response bias
- a systemic pattern of inaccurate responses to questions. This type of bias can occur when a person does not understand a question or feels influenced to respond to a question in a certain way. Response bias can also occur as a result of the wording of questions that are of a sensitive nature.
- voluntary response bias
- a form of bias because the sample is not random or representative of the population. The people who volunteer for a study or survey may be more inclined to respond to questions or report certain behaviors.
- simple random sampling
- sampling where every sample of a given size has the same chance of being selected.
- systematic sampling
- sampling where every individual in the population is given a number and individuals are chosen at regular intervals, with a random starting point (usually among the first several).
- stratified sampling
- sampling where a population is divided into two or more groups (called strata) according to some criterion and a sample is selected from each strata using simple random sampling or systematic sampling.
- convenience sampling
- sampling where the individuals are those who are most accessible to the researcher. A convenience sample is usually not random or representative of the population.
