5C/5D

A black and white graph. The x-axis is labeled "Year" and is labeled in increments of five beginning in 1950 and going to 1980. The vertical axis is labeled in increments of ten from 0 to 50. On the right, there is a legend showing that the solid line indicates birth rate, the dotted line indicates death rate, and the dashed line indicates infant mortality rate.

Figure 1. Fertility reduction and excess death rate and infant mortality (per thousand) during the Chinese Famine of 1959-61. Sources: computed from the 1982 Population Census of China and the 1988 Two-Per-Thousand National Survey of Fertility and Contraception.

An infographic that reads, "Under President Obama, more students are earning their high school diplomas than ever before." Underneath is a subheading that reads "High school graduation rate." Beneath this, there are stacks of books representing graduation rates from different years. The first stack is 2007-08, has 5 books, and is labeled 75%. The next stack is 2008-09, has 5 books, and is labeled 75%. The next stack is 2009-10, has 10 books, and is labeled 78%. The next stack is 2010-11, has 14 books, and is labeled 79%. The next stack is 2011-12, has 15 books, and is labeled 80%. The next stack is 2012-13, has 16 books, and is labeled 81%. The last stack is 2013-14, has 16 books, and is labeled 82%. A graph titled "Average price per square foot versus average rent per square foot by month." The horizontal axis is labeled date and has increments for approximately every four months. The left vertical axis is labeled "Average Price Per Square Foot" and is labeled by increments of 50 from 0 to 450. The right vertical axis is labeled"Average Estimated Rent per Square Foot" and is labeled by increments of 0.01 from 1.09 to 1.18. Beneath the graph, there is a legend that shows the bars indicate average price per square foot, while the points and line indicate average estimated rent per square foot. The graph shows both the connected points and the bars. A 3-D pie chart of dogs in the service of humans. 33% are guide, 33% are visitor, 8% are hearing, 14% are police, 9% are prison, and 3% are custom. Four different principles of design. The first is labeled similarity and shows a row of blue dots above a row of black dots above another row of blue dots and then another row of black dots. The second is labeled proximity and shows three pairs of close-together lines. The third is labeled continuity and show fours curved lines of dots extending away from a central point in different directions. The final one is labeled closure and shows a circle that doesn't connect in the middle on either side and a square that doesn't connect just on the left side. Beneath a label that reads "Similarity," this shows a four by four square of dots. The second and fourth horizontal sets of dots are darker in color than the other two horizontal sets. Underneath a heading that reads "Similarity," this show a four by four square of shapes. The first and third vertical sets are circles, while the second and fourth are triangles. The second and fourth horizontal sets of circles are lighter in color than the first and third. Underneath a heading reading "Proximity," this shows a four by four of circles. The second and fourth horizontal sets of circles are lighter than the others. There is more space between the circles horizontally than there is vertically. Under a heading that reads "Connection," this shows a four by four of circles. The circles are connected horizontally by lines. Beneath a heading that reads "Closure," this shows a four by four of circles. The 8 leftmost circles are enclosed in a rectangle, and the 8 rightmost circles are enclosed in a separate rectangle.

Skill or Concept: I can . . . Questions to check your understanding Rating
from 1 to 5
Identify evidence of design. 1
Identify evidence of precision. 2
Identify evidence of efficiency. 3
Identify evidence of use of time, use of space, and use of ink. 4, 5
Identify evidence of multivariate. 6–10

A graphical display titled "Gender Inequality around the World." The first thing it shows is a map of the world. To the right, it reads "Use slider to select year," underneath which is says 2011 and there is an unchecked box next to "Show history." A bit further down, it reads "Grey: no data available," beneath which it says "Click on countries to display GII change over time." Further down, it reads "GII trend chart," then further down again is "Select a country," under which "All" is written. On the bottom right corner of the map to the left, it shows that the lightest color on the map indicates 0.0391 and the darkest color indicates 0.8793, with three in-between colors as well. Beneath the map, there is a box of text that reads "The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects women's disadvantage in three dimensions--reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market--for as many countries as data of reasonable quality allow. The index shows the loss in human development due to inequality found between female and male achievements in these dimensions. It ranges from 0, which indicates that women and men fare equally, to 1, which indicates that women fare as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions. Beneath this text box is a title that reads "Which countries have the highest inequalities between women and men?" with text beneath that reads "No bar in chart: no data available." There are 5 horizontal bar charts beneath, showing data for 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2011, respectively. For each chart, the horizontal axis is labeled 0 to 1, with tick marks for every 0.1. On the left side, the bars are labeled, in order from top to bottom, Yemen, Chad, Niger, Mali, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea, Liberia, Central African Republic, Sierra Leone. The bars are also color-coded the same way the countries in the map are and are in order of most to least inequality based on 2011. At the very bottom of the graphic, the source and author are named. A table with lots of different graphs and charts spread out on top of it. There are people standing nearby examining them. A bar graph labeled "Massive increase in house prices this year." The x-axis is labeled Year and the y-axis is labeled average house price ($). The x-axis has one bar labeled 1998 and another labeled 1999. The y-axis is labeled in increments of 1000 starting at 80000 and going up to 82000. For 1998, the bar reaches us to 80000. For 1999, the bar reaches up to 82000. A grid A graph titled "Planned Parenthood Federation of America: Abortions Up - Life-Saving Procedures Down." At the bottom, there is a horizontal axis labeled in increments of one from 2006 to 2013. On the graph, there is a pink line labeled "Cancer screening and prevention services" that has goes downwards and there is a red line labeled "Abortions" that goes upwards and crosses the pink line. The pink line is labeled "2,007,371 in 2006" on the left side and "835,573 in 2013" on the right side. The red line is labeled "289,750 in 2006" on the left side and "327,000 in 2013" on the right side.A graph titled "Planned Parenthood services. Beneath the title is a legend that shows the red line is for abortion procedures and the blue line is for cancer screening and preventative services. The horizontal axis of the graph is labeled by increments of one from '06 to '13. The y-axis is labeled in half millions, from 0 to 2.5 million. On the graph, the blue line starts at approximately 2 million on the y-axis in 2006 and drops to approximately 1 million by 2013. The red line begins in 2006 at approximately 0.3 million and ends at approximately 0.35 million in 2013.A map titled "Coronavirus around the world." Beneath the title, it says "The outbreak began in China and has infected over 1.8 million people, leaving over 100,000 dead. More than 200 countries have reported isolated cases." At the bottom, there is a legend for Confirmed Cases. "1-10" is a grayish red color, "10-100" is a slightly brighter red, "100-1K" is a vibrant right, "1K-10K" is an even more neon red, "10K-100K" is a darker red, and "100K+" is an even darker red. Additionally, there is a nearby heading that reads "Total Confirmed Cases" above a red bar that has the umber 1,860,011 at the end of it. Beneath that is another heading reading "Total Deaths" above a yellow bar that has the number 114,983 at the end of it, and there is a last heading that reads "Total Recovered" above a green bar with the number 438,516 at the end of it. Nearly all of the countries on the map are some form of red from the legend, except for a few that are simply gray.

A doctor smiling in front of several MRI scans A vertical grouped bar chart titled "Proposed Graph." On the horizontal axis, it is labeled "HealthGen" and has the following bar groups, in this order: Excellent, Fair, Good, Poor, Vgood. On the vertical axis, it is labeled MeanAge," and is labeled in increments of 20 starting at zero and going to 40. To the right of the graph, there is a legend titled "PhysActive," which shows that pink indicates no and blue indicates yes. For all of the groups, the "no" bar is on the left and the "yes" bar is on the right. All bars also extend above 40.

Glossary 5C

design
use of attributes such as color, symbols, or lines/curves to encourage comparisons that create a clear purpose for the graphical display.
precision
use of appropriate statistical transformations for the type of visualization.
efficiency
requiring minimal effort for the reader to understand the purpose of the graphical display
multivariate
displaying more than one variable on a graphical display to encourage the reader to make comparisons.