3B

A vertical stacked bar chart of expected oral cavity and pharynx cancers in 2018. The vertical axis has percentages in increments of 10 going up to 100. At the bottom is a legend showing that blue indicates tongue, orange indicates mouth, gray indicates pharynx, and yellow indicates other oral cavity. For the "Number of New Cases," the blue section reaches from the bottom to just over 30%, the orange from there nearly to 60%, the gray from there to about a third of the way between 90% and 100%, and the yellow the rest of the way to 100%. For "Estimated Deaths," the blue section reaches from the bottom to about halfway between 20% and 30%, the orange from there to just over 50%, the gray from there to about one third of the way between 80% and 90%, and the yellow from there the rest of the way to 100%.A smiling person holding an American flag and wearing an "I Voted" sticker.

Generation White Hispanic Black Asian Other
Boomers 81.20% 4.00% 12.90% 1.00% 1.00%
Gen X 70.00% 12.00% 15.00% 0.00% 3.00%
Millennials 61.00% 17.00% 15.00% 4.00% 3.00%
Gen Z 51.00% 24.50% 13.70% 5.90% 4.90%

Not First Generation First Generation
Not ESL 152,232 88,281
ESL 8,145 9,875
Survey Results of the 2016 Presidential Election
Clinton Trump Other
White 39 54 7 [calculated from 100(39+54)]
Black 6
Hispanic 66

A graph showing who voters voted for in 2016. At the top, it reads "Percent of validated voters in 2016 who reported voting for ..." Beneath that is four columns, the first showing different groupings of voters, the second being the percentage of that group that voted for Clinton, the third being the percentage of that group that voted for Trump, and the last being the share of the electorate. The first row is "total" and shows 48 under Clinton and 45 under Trump. The next row is "Men" and it shows 41 under Clinton and 52 under Trump. The share of electorate is 45. The next row is "Women" and it shows 54 under Clinton and 39 under Trump. The share of electorate is 55. The next row is "18-29" and it shows 58 under Clinton and 28 under Trump. The share of electorate is 13. The next row is "30-49" and it shows 51 under Clinton and 40 under Trump. The share of the electorate is 30. The next row is "50-64" and it shows 45 under Clinton and 51 under Trump. The share of electorate is 29. The next row is "65+" and it shows 44 under Clinton and 53 under Trump. The share of electorate is 27.. The next row is "White" and it shows 39 under Clinton and 54 under Trump. The share of electorate is 74. The next row is "Black" and it shows 91 under Clinton and 6 under Trump. The share of electorate is 10. The next row is "Hispanic" and it shows 66 under Clinton and 28 under Trump. The share of electorate is 10. The next row is "white men" and it shows 32 under Clinton and 62 under Trump. The share of electorate is 33. The next row is "white women" and it shows 45 under Clinton and 47 under Trump. The share of electorate is 41. The next row is "black men" and it shows 81 under Clinton and 14 under Trump. The share of electorate is 4. The next row is "black women" and it shows 98 under Clinton and and asterisk under Trump. The share of electorate is 6. The next row is "hispanic men" and it shows 65 under Clinton and 28 under Trump. The share of electorate is 5. The next row is "hispanic women" and it shows 67 under Clinton and 28 under Trump. The share of electorate is 5. The next row it "College grad +" and it shows 57 under Clinton and 36 under Trump. The share of electorate is 37. The next row is "Non-college grad" and it shows 43 under Clinton and 60 under Trump. The share of electorate is 63. The next row is "Among white college grad +" and it shows 55 under Clinton and 38 under Trump. The share of electorate is 30. The next row is "Among whites non-college grad" and it shows 28 under Clinton and 64 under Trump. The share of electorate is 44. The next row is "Among nonwhites college grad +" and it shows 68 under Clinton and 26 under Trump. The share of electorate is 7. The next row is "Among nonwhites non-college grad" and it shows 77 under Clinton and 18 under Trump. The share of electorate is 19. Underneath this one it says, "Notes: Based on 3,014 validated 2016 general election voters. Validated voters are those found to have voted in any of five commercial voter files; corrected for questionable matches. Vote choice is from a post-election survey and excludes those who refused to answer or reported voting for a candidate other than Trump, Clinton, Johnson or Stein. Whites and blacks include only those who are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. Don't know responses not shown. Source: Survey conducted Nov. 29-Dec. 12, 2016. Pew Research Center." A selection menu. The first heading says "Enter Data" and beneath it, "Contingency Table" has been selected from a dropdown menu. The next heading says "Row Variable Name" and beneath it, "Race" has been written. The next heading says "Category Labels" and beneath it, "White, Black, Hispanic" has been written in. The next heading says "Column Variable Name" and beneath it, "Voter Choice" has been written in. The next heading says "Category Labels" and beneath it, "Clinton, Trump, Other" has been written in. The next heading says "Enter Counts for Contingency Table" and beneath it is a table with three columns and three rows. The columns are labeled "Clinton," "Trump," and "Other." The rows are labeled "White," "Black," and "Hispanic." For the "White" row, it reads 39 under Clinton, 54 under Trump, and 7 under Other. For the "Black" row, it reads 91 under Clinton, 6 under Trump, and 3 under Other. For the "Hispanic" row, it reads 66 under Clinton, 28 under Trump, and 6 under Other. The next heading reads "Contingency Table" above a checklist. "Totals" is checked and "Joint Distribution" is unchecked. The next heading reads "Conditional Distribution." Beneath it, "Don't show" is unselected, "By Rows" is selected, and "By Columns" is unselected. The next heading is "Marginal Distribution" and beneath it is a checklist. "Don't show" is selected, "By Rows" is unselected, and "By Columns" is unselected. The next heading is "Options for Barchart" and beneath it is a checklist. "Show Counts," "Stacked Barchart," Choose Colors," and "Caption" are all unchecked, while "Title" and "Subtitle" are checked. The next heading reads "Title" and beneath it, "Survey Results of the 2016 Presidential Election by Race" has been written. The last heading reads "Subtitle" and beneath it, it says "Student's Full Name."

A pie chart of How America participated in the election. Data from U.S. Election Project, Dave Wasserman, Census Bureau. The "Ineligible to vote" section is 28.6%, the "Didn't vote" section is 29.9%, the "Voted Trump" section is 19.5%, the "Voted Clinton" section is 19.8%, and the "Voted other" section is 2.2%.
Biden Trump Other
White 41 58 1
Black 87 12 1
Latinx 65 32 3
Asian 61 34 5
Other 55 41 4

A grouped bar chart of How America Voted in 2020 estimated using a CNN exit poll. On the right is a legend titled "Vote" that shows Blue indicates Biden, red indicates Trump, and yellow indicates other. The vertical axis of the graph is labeled "Percent (%)" and the horizontal axis is labeled "Race." For the white group, the blue bar reaches to approximately 40%, the red bar reaches almost to 60%, and the yellow bar is slightly above zero. For the black group, the blue bar reaches above 80, the red bar reached about two thirds of the way to 20%, and the yellow bar is slightly above zero. For the Latinx group, the blue bar reaches slightly above 60%, the red bar reaches to approximately halfway between 20% and 40%, and the yellow line reaches about one fifth of the way to 20%. For the Asian group, the blue bar reaches to approximately 60%, the red line reaches to approximately two thirds of the way between 20% and 40%, and the yellow line reaches about one third of the way to 20%. For the Other group, the blue bar reaches almost to 60%, the red bar reaches approximately to 40%, and the yellow bar reaches approximately one fourth of the way to 20%. A stacked vertical bar chart of How America Voted in 2020 estimated using a CNN exit poll. The vertical axis is labeled "Percent (%)" and the horizontal axis is labeled "Race." There is a legend on the right side labeled "Vote" showing that yellow indicates "Other," red indicates "Trump," and blue indicates "Biden." For the White group, the blue section of the bar extends approximately to 40%, the red section extends from there nearly to 100%, and the yellow section extends the rest of the way to 100%. For the Black group, the blur bar extends to approximately two thirds of the way between 80% and 100%, the red section extends nearly to 100%, and the yellow section extends the rest of the way to 100%. For the Latinx group, the blue section extends to approximately one quarter of the way between 60% and 80%, the red section extends from there to approximately four fifths of the way between 80% and 100%, and the yellow section extends the rest of the way to 100%. For the Asian group, the blue bar extends to approximately 60%, the red section extends from there to about two thirds of the way between 80% and 100%, and the yellow section extends the rest of the way to 100%. For the Other group, the blue section extends to approximately two thirds of the way between 40% and 60%, the red section extends from there to approximately three quarters of the way between 80% and 100%, and they yellow section extends the rest of the way to 100%.

Skill or Concept: I can . . . Questions to check your understanding Rating
from 1 to 5
Read and interpret a basic pie chart. 1–3
Understand the differences between side-by-side and stacked bar charts. 4–9
Make comparisons of different groups using side-by-side and stacked bar charts. 4–9

The images below here are from the instructor coreq and in-class activity

A selection menu. The first heading reads "Enter Date" and beneath it, "Contingency Table" has been selected from a dropdown. The next heading reads "Row Variable Name" and "ESL" has been written in the space below. The next heading reads "Category Labels" and "No, Yes" has been written in the space below. The next heading reads "Column Variable Name" and underneath it, "First Generation" has been written. The next heading reads "Category Labels" and underneath it, "No, Yes" has been written. The next heading reads "Enter Counts for Contingency Table" and there's a table beneath it. The table has a "No" column and a "Yes" column. Horizontally, it also has a "No" row and a "Yes" row. The "No" row and "No" column is 152,232. The "No" row and "Yes" column reads 88,281. The "Yes" row and the "No" column reads 8,145. The "Yes" row and "Yes" column reads 9,875. The next heading reads "Contingency Table" and underneath it, "Totals" is checked and "Joint Distribution" is unchecked. The next heading reads "Conditional Distribution." Beneath it, "Don't show" is selected and "By Rows" and "By Columns" are both unselected. The last heading reads "Marginal Distribution." Beneath it, "Don't show" is selected and "By Rows" and "By Columns" are both unselected.

A vertical grouped bar chart of Racial Compositions within Generations in the United States. The vertical axis is labeled "Percent (%)" and goes up to 80 by increments of 20. The horizontal axis is labeled "Generations." On the right side, there is a legend labeled "Race" showing that yellow indicates "White," green indicates "Hispanic," blue indicates "Black," red indicates "Asian," and orange indicates "Other." The bars for "Boomers" show the yellow bar going up just past 80%, the green bar goes approximately three quarters of the way to 20%, and the red and orange bars are slightly above 0%. For Generation X, the yellow bar is approximately halfway between 60% and 80%, the green bar is approximately two thirds of the way to 20%, the blue bar is approximately three quarters of the way to 20%, the red bar is approximately at zero, and the orange bar is approximately one sixth of the way to 20%. For Millennials, the yellow bar is approximately at 60%, the green bar is slightly beneath 20%, the blue bar is approximately three quarters of the way to 20%, the red bar is approximately one quarter of the way to 20%, and the orange bar is approximately one fifth of the way to 20%. For Gen Z, the yellow bar reaches to approximately halfway between 40% and 60%, the green bar is approximately one fifth of the way between 20% and 40%, the blue bar is approximately two thirds of the way to 20%, and the red and orange bars are approximately one third of the way to 20%. A vertical stacked bar chart of Racial Compositions within Generations in the United States. The vertical axis is labeled "Percent (%)" and the horizontal axis is labeled "Generations." To the right is a legend labeled "Race" that shows that orange indicates "Other," red indicates "Asian," blue indicates "Black," green indicates "Hispanic," and yellow indicates "White." For Boomers, the yellow portion of the bar extends approximately to 80%, the green portion extends from there to approximately one fifth of the way to 100%, the blue portion reaches almost to 100%, and the red and orange portions make up the rest of the way. For Gen X, the yellow portion of the bar extends to approximately halfway between 60% and 80%, the green portion extends the rest of the way to approximately 80%, the blue portion extends approximately four fifths of the way from there to 100%, and the orange portion is the rest. For Millennials, the yellow portion of the bar extends to approximately 60%, the green portion of the bar extends from there to just below 80%, the blue portion extends from there to approximately halfway between 80% and 100%, and the red and orange sections are approximately equal sections of the rest of the way to 100%. For Gen Z, the yellow segment of the bar extends to approximately halfway between 40% and 60%, the green portion extends from there to just below 80%, the blue portion extends from there until slightly above 80%, and the red and orange sections make up similarly-sized portions of the rest of the distance to 100%
Glossary
reference value
the starting point value for computing absolute change and relative change between two values.
new value
the second value for computing absolute change and relative change between two values.
absolute change
the actual increase or decrease from one value to the next.
relative change
a ratio that expresses the absolute change between two values relative to the reference value.
stacked bar chart
a chart in which two different categorical variables are compared in bars that are stacked on top of one another.
side-by-side bar chart
a chart in which two different categorical variables are compared in bars that are placed beside one another.
contingency table (two-way table)
a table that displays the results of two categorical variables simultaneously.